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• 1. [Article] Survey of insect and disease conditions in forests and shelterbelts, North Dakota, 1977

  Aerial and ground surveys to detect and evaluate forest insect and disease conditions in North Dakota were made during June 1977 by personnel from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of insect and disease conditions in forests and shelterbelts, North Dakota, 1977 Author: Drake, L. E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial and ground surveys to detect and evaluate forest insect and disease conditions in North Dakota were made during June 1977 by personnel from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management staff and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. A forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the Turtle Mountains was estimated to cover 195,000 acres in this popular vacation area. Siberian elm shelterbelts throughout the state were heavily defoliated by the spring and fall cankerworms. Cottonwood trees along the Missouri River near Bismarck were dying from a combination of soil compaction and possible nitrogen poisoning in cattle feedlots. Dutch elm disease was evident in six American elm trees near Lisbon. Title: Survey of insect and disease conditions in forests and shelterbelts, North Dakota, 1977 Author: Drake, L. E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial and ground surveys to detect and evaluate forest insect and disease conditions in North Dakota were made during June 1977 by personnel from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management staff and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. A forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the Turtle Mountains was estimated to cover 195,000 acres in this popular vacation area. Siberian elm shelterbelts throughout the state were heavily defoliated by the spring and fall cankerworms. Cottonwood trees along the Missouri River near Bismarck were dying from a combination of soil compaction and possible nitrogen poisoning in cattle feedlots. Dutch elm disease was evident in six American elm trees near Lisbon. Close

• 2. [Article] A ponderosa pine needle miner outbreak in the Flathead Indian Reservation and Missoula Valley and potential defoliation for 1978

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A ponderosa pine needle miner outbreak in the Flathead Indian Reservation and Missoula Valley and potential defoliation for 1978 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Title: A ponderosa pine needle miner outbreak in the Flathead Indian Reservation and Missoula Valley and potential defoliation for 1978 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Close

• 3. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975

  Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An egg mass survey during the fall of 1974 predicted that additional defoliation will occur in 1975 on 47 of 48 plots located on these Forests. Areas with the highest potential for increasing populations in 1975 are being considered as sites for pilot control projects of several promising chemical and biological insecticides. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An egg mass survey during the fall of 1974 predicted that additional defoliation will occur in 1975 on 47 of 48 plots located on these Forests. Areas with the highest potential for increasing populations in 1975 are being considered as sites for pilot control projects of several promising chemical and biological insecticides. Close

• 4. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977

  Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, the defoliated area dropped from 831,487 acres in 1975 to 655,711 acres in 1976, down 21 percent. Surveys in Montana found a net decrease in defoliation of 11 percent, down from 2,797,986 in 1975 to 2,496,274 in 1976. Egg mass surveys made in September and October 1976 indicate that defoliation will be light on the Clearwater and Nezperce National Forests and moderate on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Idaho, in 1977. Defoliation in Montana during 1977 is expected to be light on the Flathead, moderate on the Kootenai, and heavy on the Beaverhead, Bitterroot, Deerlodge, Gallatin, Helena, Lewis and Clark, and Lolo National Forests and the Flathead Indian Reservation. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, the defoliated area dropped from 831,487 acres in 1975 to 655,711 acres in 1976, down 21 percent. Surveys in Montana found a net decrease in defoliation of 11 percent, down from 2,797,986 in 1975 to 2,496,274 in 1976. Egg mass surveys made in September and October 1976 indicate that defoliation will be light on the Clearwater and Nezperce National Forests and moderate on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Idaho, in 1977. Defoliation in Montana during 1977 is expected to be light on the Flathead, moderate on the Kootenai, and heavy on the Beaverhead, Bitterroot, Deerlodge, Gallatin, Helena, Lewis and Clark, and Lolo National Forests and the Flathead Indian Reservation. Close

• 5. [Article] Potential defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar in the Turtle Mountains, North Dakota during 1979

  The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., began defoliating trembling aspen stands, Populus tremuloides Michx., in 1976 in the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota. Heavy defoliation was scattered through ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar in the Turtle Mountains, North Dakota during 1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hard, John S., Karch, Tom, Tunnock, Scott The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., began defoliating trembling aspen stands, Populus tremuloides Michx., in 1976 in the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota. Heavy defoliation was scattered through about 150,000 acres in 1978. Pupal mortality from parasites and disease was almost 100 percent in cocoons on understory shrubs and trees during July. However, biological evaluation in October showed egg masses present in tree crowns in 42 of 63 plots sampled throughout the infested area. Egg viability was high and averaged 91 percent. An average of 3 percent of the eggs were parasitized. Moderate defoliation is predicted for 1979 on 9 plots and light defoliation on the other 33 plots. We predict defoliation in 1979 will be spotty and light throughout the aspen stands of the Turtle Mountains, but several spots of moderate defoliation are expected around Lake Metigoshe and east of Carpenter Lake. Title: Potential defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar in the Turtle Mountains, North Dakota during 1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hard, John S., Karch, Tom, Tunnock, Scott The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., began defoliating trembling aspen stands, Populus tremuloides Michx., in 1976 in the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota. Heavy defoliation was scattered through about 150,000 acres in 1978. Pupal mortality from parasites and disease was almost 100 percent in cocoons on understory shrubs and trees during July. However, biological evaluation in October showed egg masses present in tree crowns in 42 of 63 plots sampled throughout the infested area. Egg viability was high and averaged 91 percent. An average of 3 percent of the eggs were parasitized. Moderate defoliation is predicted for 1979 on 9 plots and light defoliation on the other 33 plots. We predict defoliation in 1979 will be spotty and light throughout the aspen stands of the Turtle Mountains, but several spots of moderate defoliation are expected around Lake Metigoshe and east of Carpenter Lake. Close

• 6. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976

  Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir forests are now suffering at least 25% defoliation. This is an increase of 503,706 acres over the 1,775,098 acres defoliated in 1974. Egg mass surveys were made in infested areas to predict the degree of defoliation in 1976. Based on this survey, the following mean percent defoliation is predicted for each National Forest: Deerlodge, 56%; Helena, 57%; Gallatin, 29%; Beaverhead, 37%; Flathead, 5%; Lolo, 24%. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir forests are now suffering at least 25% defoliation. This is an increase of 503,706 acres over the 1,775,098 acres defoliated in 1974. Egg mass surveys were made in infested areas to predict the degree of defoliation in 1976. Based on this survey, the following mean percent defoliation is predicted for each National Forest: Deerlodge, 56%; Helena, 57%; Gallatin, 29%; Beaverhead, 37%; Flathead, 5%; Lolo, 24%. Close

• 7. [Article] A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976

  A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient per acre. Application was made with a Bell 205A helicopter using eight Beecomist Model 350 spray heads. Treatments and controls were replicated three times. Each replicate covered approximately 1,000 acres. Treatments were applied under a population reduction strategy. The effects of treatments on fish and aquatic organisms and budworm parasites were monitored. Covariance analysis of budworm larval populations 10 days after spraying showed that trichlorfon and acephate gave 59.53 and 86.86 percent control respectively. The degree of foliage protection was estimated at 13.67 percent for trichlorfon and 11.80 percent for acephate. Treatments did not have a significant effect on budworm parasites, fish, or aquatic organisms. Title: A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient per acre. Application was made with a Bell 205A helicopter using eight Beecomist Model 350 spray heads. Treatments and controls were replicated three times. Each replicate covered approximately 1,000 acres. Treatments were applied under a population reduction strategy. The effects of treatments on fish and aquatic organisms and budworm parasites were monitored. Covariance analysis of budworm larval populations 10 days after spraying showed that trichlorfon and acephate gave 59.53 and 86.86 percent control respectively. The degree of foliage protection was estimated at 13.67 percent for trichlorfon and 11.80 percent for acephate. Treatments did not have a significant effect on budworm parasites, fish, or aquatic organisms. Close

• 8. [Article] Evaluation of pine butterfly infestations on the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana, 1977

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of pine butterfly infestations on the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana, 1977 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Title: Evaluation of pine butterfly infestations on the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana, 1977 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Close

• 9. [Article] Potential pine butterfly defoliation in 1978 in western Montana

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential pine butterfly defoliation in 1978 in western Montana Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Title: Potential pine butterfly defoliation in 1978 in western Montana Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Close

• 10. [Article] The Douglas-fir tussock moth in the Northern Region : a cartographic history of outbreaks from 1928 to 1973

  The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., periodically defoliates Douglas-fir, true firs, and other host trees in forests of the western United States. In the Northern Region, these infestations occur ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Douglas-fir tussock moth in the Northern Region : a cartographic history of outbreaks from 1928 to 1973 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., periodically defoliates Douglas-fir, true firs, and other host trees in forests of the western United States. In the Northern Region, these infestations occur about once every decade. This history covers the earliest recorded outbreak in northeastern Washington from 1928 to 1930 and includes information about outbreaks in northern Idaho and eastern Washington from 1944 to 1947, northeastern Washington and northern Idaho from 1950 to 1955, northern Idaho and western Montana from 1961 to 1965, and the current outbreak in northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and western Montana which began in 1970. These outbreaks usually last from 2 to 4 years in forested areas and typically go through a buildup phase the first year, an outbreak phase the second year, and a declining phase the third year due to parasites and/or polyhedrosis virus. Exceptions are: It may take an outbreak 2 years to build up or occasionally natural control agents can cause a population collapse at the end of the second year. Title: The Douglas-fir tussock moth in the Northern Region : a cartographic history of outbreaks from 1928 to 1973 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott The Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., periodically defoliates Douglas-fir, true firs, and other host trees in forests of the western United States. In the Northern Region, these infestations occur about once every decade. This history covers the earliest recorded outbreak in northeastern Washington from 1928 to 1930 and includes information about outbreaks in northern Idaho and eastern Washington from 1944 to 1947, northeastern Washington and northern Idaho from 1950 to 1955, northern Idaho and western Montana from 1961 to 1965, and the current outbreak in northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and western Montana which began in 1970. These outbreaks usually last from 2 to 4 years in forested areas and typically go through a buildup phase the first year, an outbreak phase the second year, and a declining phase the third year due to parasites and/or polyhedrosis virus. Exceptions are: It may take an outbreak 2 years to build up or occasionally natural control agents can cause a population collapse at the end of the second year. Close