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• 1. [Article] Soil weathering processes in the Findley Lake watershed

  This is the annual report from the investigators responsible for soil characterization at the Findley Lake watershed. Soil characterization is complete for two soils and is in progress on six others. Site preparation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil weathering processes in the Findley Lake watershed Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Singer, Michael J. (Michael John), 1945-, University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. This is the annual report from the investigators responsible for soil characterization at the Findley Lake watershed. Soil characterization is complete for two soils and is in progress on six others. Site preparation for years 3 and 4 is complete except for lysimeter installation. Title: Soil weathering processes in the Findley Lake watershed Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Singer, Michael J. (Michael John), 1945-, University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. This is the annual report from the investigators responsible for soil characterization at the Findley Lake watershed. Soil characterization is complete for two soils and is in progress on six others. Site preparation for years 3 and 4 is complete except for lysimeter installation. Close

• 2. [Article] Forest plant communities of the lower Cedar River watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest plant communities of the lower Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Scott, David R. M., Long, J., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Title: Forest plant communities of the lower Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Scott, David R. M., Long, J., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Close

• 3. [Article] Findley Lake watershed a terrestrial-lake interface program

  Includes supplemental reports 25-A, B & C.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Findley Lake watershed a terrestrial-lake interface program Author: Olson, R. R., Del Moral, Roger, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Bockheim, James G., Tsukada, M., Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Includes supplemental reports 25-A, B & C. Title: Findley Lake watershed a terrestrial-lake interface program Author: Olson, R. R., Del Moral, Roger, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Bockheim, James G., Tsukada, M., Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Includes supplemental reports 25-A, B & C. Close

• 4. [Article] Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest

  Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 plant communities and then into 4 habitat types has also been completed. Descriptions of these communities based on field notes and extrapolation from reference stands located in the Andrews Experimental Forest are included along with structural characteristics of the communities and habitat types. Size class distributions of living trees greater than 15 cm dbh are also included for the whole watershed, for communities, and for habitat types. INTRODUCTION: Watershed 10 has been selected for current modeling efforts of the IBP Coniferous Forest Biome project at the Oregon intensive study site, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This report supplies a necessary input for calculating standing crop of vegetation in all strata from trees to mosses. A community description approach has been used with tables and appendices furnishing data concerning trees, shrubs, herbs and mosses occurring within the watershed. Watershed 10 contains representatives of communities common to the lower elevation regions of the Tsuga hetero h lla Zone of Franklin and Dyrness (1969). Within watershed communities are identified, which are discussed below. Major emphasis of this report is placed on description of the vegetation. Some comparisons of communities with each other and with other portions of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest are also included. Watershed 10 is a 10.24 hectare watershed that drains to the west. It is located near to but outside of the southwestern boundary of the Experimental Forest. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 1425 feet (435 m) to 2,275 feet (695 m). The entire watershed lies within the Tsuga heterophylla.Zone of Franklin and Dyrness. METHODS: Preliminary surveying of watershed 10 with staff compass, chains and Abney levels was completed in 1970. During this surveying three base lines running north and south were established at equal intervals within the watershed. These base lines served as reference points during the establishment of a 25 m grid system in 1971-1972. Using staff compass, chains, and Abney levels, the 25 m grid system was established with correction for slope over the entire watershed (figure 1). During spring, 1972, aluminum corner stakes were installed and labeled to mark the 25 meter grid corners. Grid sections were numbered, for referencing positions in the watershed. Title: Vegetation and stem mapping of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Stem mapping of all trees greater than 15 cm dbh has been completed on the 10.24 hectare watershed (No. 10) at H. J. Andrews intensive study site. Using a 25 m grid system, mapping of vegetation into 7 plant communities and then into 4 habitat types has also been completed. Descriptions of these communities based on field notes and extrapolation from reference stands located in the Andrews Experimental Forest are included along with structural characteristics of the communities and habitat types. Size class distributions of living trees greater than 15 cm dbh are also included for the whole watershed, for communities, and for habitat types. INTRODUCTION: Watershed 10 has been selected for current modeling efforts of the IBP Coniferous Forest Biome project at the Oregon intensive study site, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This report supplies a necessary input for calculating standing crop of vegetation in all strata from trees to mosses. A community description approach has been used with tables and appendices furnishing data concerning trees, shrubs, herbs and mosses occurring within the watershed. Watershed 10 contains representatives of communities common to the lower elevation regions of the Tsuga hetero h lla Zone of Franklin and Dyrness (1969). Within watershed communities are identified, which are discussed below. Major emphasis of this report is placed on description of the vegetation. Some comparisons of communities with each other and with other portions of the Tsuga heterophylla Zone near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest are also included. Watershed 10 is a 10.24 hectare watershed that drains to the west. It is located near to but outside of the southwestern boundary of the Experimental Forest. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 1425 feet (435 m) to 2,275 feet (695 m). The entire watershed lies within the Tsuga heterophylla.Zone of Franklin and Dyrness. METHODS: Preliminary surveying of watershed 10 with staff compass, chains and Abney levels was completed in 1970. During this surveying three base lines running north and south were established at equal intervals within the watershed. These base lines served as reference points during the establishment of a 25 m grid system in 1971-1972. Using staff compass, chains, and Abney levels, the 25 m grid system was established with correction for slope over the entire watershed (figure 1). During spring, 1972, aluminum corner stakes were installed and labeled to mark the 25 meter grid corners. Grid sections were numbered, for referencing positions in the watershed. 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• 5. [Article] Modeling the hydrological aspects of the Fern Lake Watershed : annual report 1971

  Data collected from the Fern Lake watershed between 1958 and 1971 include measurements of the rate of flow of water into the lake through a single inlet stream. The objective of the work presented here ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the hydrological aspects of the Fern Lake Watershed : annual report 1971 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Fowler, Charles W. (Charles Winsor), 1941-, University of Washington Data collected from the Fern Lake watershed between 1958 and 1971 include measurements of the rate of flow of water into the lake through a single inlet stream. The objective of the work presented here is to develop a model of this flow using the climatological data available from the watershed. Measurements of air temperature, wind movement, air pressure, relative humidity, insolation, and precipitation were used to estimate the potential evapotranspiration through the use of the Penman equation (Penman 1948). A model based on relationships found in the published literature and some empirical relationships was developed to simulate the dynamics of the soil water. This submodel was incorporated into the larger model to link the climatological input variables to streamflow. Output from the computer program developed for the model includes soil water content, underground flow, evaporation, transpiration, and streamflow. In its tentative form, the model is sufficiently realistic to be used for further modeling of the dynamics of other aspects of the watershed involving water flow. Title: Modeling the hydrological aspects of the Fern Lake Watershed : annual report 1971 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Fowler, Charles W. (Charles Winsor), 1941-, University of Washington Data collected from the Fern Lake watershed between 1958 and 1971 include measurements of the rate of flow of water into the lake through a single inlet stream. The objective of the work presented here is to develop a model of this flow using the climatological data available from the watershed. Measurements of air temperature, wind movement, air pressure, relative humidity, insolation, and precipitation were used to estimate the potential evapotranspiration through the use of the Penman equation (Penman 1948). A model based on relationships found in the published literature and some empirical relationships was developed to simulate the dynamics of the soil water. This submodel was incorporated into the larger model to link the climatological input variables to streamflow. Output from the computer program developed for the model includes soil water content, underground flow, evaporation, transpiration, and streamflow. In its tentative form, the model is sufficiently realistic to be used for further modeling of the dynamics of other aspects of the watershed involving water flow. Close

• 6. [Article] Findley Lake lysimeter leachate, precipitation inflow, outflow, and throughfall data, June 1973-January 1974

  Data on soil leachate at three sites and four depths, throughfall, precipitation, and lake inflow and outflow are presented in this report.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Findley Lake lysimeter leachate, precipitation inflow, outflow, and throughfall data, June 1973-January 1974 Author: Minden, Ralph V., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Data on soil leachate at three sites and four depths, throughfall, precipitation, and lake inflow and outflow are presented in this report. Title: Findley Lake lysimeter leachate, precipitation inflow, outflow, and throughfall data, June 1973-January 1974 Author: Minden, Ralph V., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Data on soil leachate at three sites and four depths, throughfall, precipitation, and lake inflow and outflow are presented in this report. Close

• 7. [Article] Aquatic production in a sockeye salmon river

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic production in a sockeye salmon river Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Malick, James G., Stober, Quentin J., University of Washington Title: Aquatic production in a sockeye salmon river Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Malick, James G., Stober, Quentin J., University of Washington Close

• 8. [Article] Degradation of organic compounds in freshwater sediments by bacteria

  Some missing pages, best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Degradation of organic compounds in freshwater sediments by bacteria Author: University of Washington, Wekell, Marleen M., Matches, Jack Ronald, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Some missing pages, best copy available. Title: Degradation of organic compounds in freshwater sediments by bacteria Author: University of Washington, Wekell, Marleen M., Matches, Jack Ronald, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Some missing pages, best copy available. Close

• 9. [Article] Nutrient budgets in the lakes of the Cedar River Watershed

  Aquatic mineral measurements and sediment characterization of the Cedar River basin lakes and streams reveals two largely distinct physical and chemical environments. Near the headwaters of the Cedar River ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrient budgets in the lakes of the Cedar River Watershed Author: Spyridakis, Dimitri E., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington Aquatic mineral measurements and sediment characterization of the Cedar River basin lakes and streams reveals two largely distinct physical and chemical environments. Near the headwaters of the Cedar River Watershed the composition of lakes and streams reflect adjacent rocks but the effects of forest and agricultural practices and of processes occurring downstream very quickly alter the composition to a type largely responsive to the urbanization in the lower reaches of the watershed. The relative ionic composition in the watershed is: Ca > Mg ≥ Na > K and HCO₃ > Cl ≥ S0₄. A 2- to 10-fold increase in concentration is measured with most chemical parameters when comparing upper watershed to lower watershed. The lowest increase is observed with total phosphorus reflecting perhaps identical phosphorus solubility control mechanisms. Annual nutrient budgets for Lake Sammamish suggest a reduction in sedimented phosphorus since diversion, but little change in the quantity of phosphorus released from anaerobic sediment. Although the sediment phosphorus supply during the summer and fall months is nearly three times higher than the external phosphorus supply its relative contribution to the trophogenic layer phosphorus is a function of lake mixing. An iron precipitation mechanism appears to control the mean winter phosphorus contents of Lake Sammamish. The prevailing anoxic conditions in the lake during late summer and fall bring about large increases in hypolimnetic iron concentrations which upon destratification precipitate phosphorus as an iron (111) hydroxy complex. Lake sediment characterization indicate differences between lakes with respect to carbon/nitrogen, nitrogen/phosphorus and particle size distribution reflecting drastic variations in the depositional environments and trophic status of the upper and lower watersheds. Higher carbon/nitrogen and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios and coarser sediments are measured in oligotrophic Findley Lake. With the exception of Findley Lake, all sediments appear to have the same composition with respect to Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, and K contents. Simulation of sediment phosphorus release at the sediment-water interface In enclosed in situ Lake Sammamish sediment-water columns appears to parallel the phosphorus release measured in the lake hypolimnion at the peak of the lake stagnation period. Preliminary studies indicate that it will be possible to relate the nutrient release results from the in situ columns to those of laboratory studies, arriving thus at a faster more economically obtained elucidation of the nutrient exchange mechanisms and potentials at lake sediment-water interface. Title: Nutrient budgets in the lakes of the Cedar River Watershed Author: Spyridakis, Dimitri E., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington Aquatic mineral measurements and sediment characterization of the Cedar River basin lakes and streams reveals two largely distinct physical and chemical environments. Near the headwaters of the Cedar River Watershed the composition of lakes and streams reflect adjacent rocks but the effects of forest and agricultural practices and of processes occurring downstream very quickly alter the composition to a type largely responsive to the urbanization in the lower reaches of the watershed. The relative ionic composition in the watershed is: Ca > Mg ≥ Na > K and HCO₃ > Cl ≥ S0₄. A 2- to 10-fold increase in concentration is measured with most chemical parameters when comparing upper watershed to lower watershed. The lowest increase is observed with total phosphorus reflecting perhaps identical phosphorus solubility control mechanisms. Annual nutrient budgets for Lake Sammamish suggest a reduction in sedimented phosphorus since diversion, but little change in the quantity of phosphorus released from anaerobic sediment. Although the sediment phosphorus supply during the summer and fall months is nearly three times higher than the external phosphorus supply its relative contribution to the trophogenic layer phosphorus is a function of lake mixing. An iron precipitation mechanism appears to control the mean winter phosphorus contents of Lake Sammamish. The prevailing anoxic conditions in the lake during late summer and fall bring about large increases in hypolimnetic iron concentrations which upon destratification precipitate phosphorus as an iron (111) hydroxy complex. Lake sediment characterization indicate differences between lakes with respect to carbon/nitrogen, nitrogen/phosphorus and particle size distribution reflecting drastic variations in the depositional environments and trophic status of the upper and lower watersheds. Higher carbon/nitrogen and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios and coarser sediments are measured in oligotrophic Findley Lake. With the exception of Findley Lake, all sediments appear to have the same composition with respect to Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, and K contents. Simulation of sediment phosphorus release at the sediment-water interface In enclosed in situ Lake Sammamish sediment-water columns appears to parallel the phosphorus release measured in the lake hypolimnion at the peak of the lake stagnation period. Preliminary studies indicate that it will be possible to relate the nutrient release results from the in situ columns to those of laboratory studies, arriving thus at a faster more economically obtained elucidation of the nutrient exchange mechanisms and potentials at lake sediment-water interface. Close

• 10. [Article] Interim progress 1972 : water column respiration

  The purpose of the past year's research was to begin measurement of the respiratory metabolism of zooplankton and phytoplankton in four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage. This was done, using an enzyme assay ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interim progress 1972 : water column respiration Author: Packard, T. T., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Kuntz, D. R., University of Washington The purpose of the past year's research was to begin measurement of the respiratory metabolism of zooplankton and phytoplankton in four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage. This was done, using an enzyme assay for the activity of the electron transport system. The lakes were sampled frequently and depth profiles of respiration at different seasons were assembled. A calibration study involving comparison of respiration. values and dissolved oxygen data from Lake Washington was begun. Title: Interim progress 1972 : water column respiration Author: Packard, T. T., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Kuntz, D. R., University of Washington The purpose of the past year's research was to begin measurement of the respiratory metabolism of zooplankton and phytoplankton in four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage. This was done, using an enzyme assay for the activity of the electron transport system. The lakes were sampled frequently and depth profiles of respiration at different seasons were assembled. A calibration study involving comparison of respiration. values and dissolved oxygen data from Lake Washington was begun. Close

• 11. [Article] Development of a systematic sampling scheme for the Lake Washington drainage

  To determine productivity of fish, we will require an estimate of relative abundance that can be expanded later into estimates of biomass. Our work has shown that much of the fish production in Lake Washington ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a systematic sampling scheme for the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Whitney, Richard R., University of Washington To determine productivity of fish, we will require an estimate of relative abundance that can be expanded later into estimates of biomass. Our work has shown that much of the fish production in Lake Washington is in the form of nonsalmonid and nongame species, such as peamouth and northern squawfish. As the title of our proposal indicates, we are attempting to develop a systematic sampling scheme that eventually will allow us to estimate the relative abundance of the key species, or perhaps all 35 species, of fish that inhabit the drainage and to expand these estimates into terms of biomass or energy. Title: Development of a systematic sampling scheme for the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Whitney, Richard R., University of Washington To determine productivity of fish, we will require an estimate of relative abundance that can be expanded later into estimates of biomass. Our work has shown that much of the fish production in Lake Washington is in the form of nonsalmonid and nongame species, such as peamouth and northern squawfish. As the title of our proposal indicates, we are attempting to develop a systematic sampling scheme that eventually will allow us to estimate the relative abundance of the key species, or perhaps all 35 species, of fish that inhabit the drainage and to expand these estimates into terms of biomass or energy. Close

• 12. [Article] Chemical analysis of Findley Lake snowpack

  On 20 March 1972 three snow cores and one surface snow sample were taken on the Findley Lake watershed to obtain a preliminary estimate of the elemental composition of the snowpack. Variation in chemical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chemical analysis of Findley Lake snowpack Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Singer, Michael J. (Michael John), 1945-, University of Washington On 20 March 1972 three snow cores and one surface snow sample were taken on the Findley Lake watershed to obtain a preliminary estimate of the elemental composition of the snowpack. Variation in chemical composition with depth and between forested and open areas was also investigated. Data from Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Fe²⁺,³⁺, Al³⁺, Si⁴⁺, and (PO₄)³⁻ analyses are reported. Title: Chemical analysis of Findley Lake snowpack Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Singer, Michael J. (Michael John), 1945-, University of Washington On 20 March 1972 three snow cores and one surface snow sample were taken on the Findley Lake watershed to obtain a preliminary estimate of the elemental composition of the snowpack. Variation in chemical composition with depth and between forested and open areas was also investigated. Data from Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Fe²⁺,³⁺, Al³⁺, Si⁴⁺, and (PO₄)³⁻ analyses are reported. Close

• 13. [Article] Vegetation and soils of the Hi-15 watersheds, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest

  Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome research program, it was recognized that Experimental Watersheds 6, 7, and 8 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and soils of the Hi-15 watersheds, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., University of Washington Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome research program, it was recognized that Experimental Watersheds 6, 7, and 8 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary background ecological information about these watersheds, which then would be available before intensive studies were undertaken. This report contains a summary of the information obtained as a result of an inventory of vegetation and soils present on the watershed. It contains the vegetation mapping legend, vegetation maps, descriptions of mapped vegetation units, a generalized soil map, and a brief description of soils present. In addition to the small maps included with this report, large-scale vegetation maps (scale 1 in. = 2 chains: 1 chain = 66 feet) also are available. Title: Vegetation and soils of the Hi-15 watersheds, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., University of Washington Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome research program, it was recognized that Experimental Watersheds 6, 7, and 8 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary background ecological information about these watersheds, which then would be available before intensive studies were undertaken. This report contains a summary of the information obtained as a result of an inventory of vegetation and soils present on the watershed. It contains the vegetation mapping legend, vegetation maps, descriptions of mapped vegetation units, a generalized soil map, and a brief description of soils present. In addition to the small maps included with this report, large-scale vegetation maps (scale 1 in. = 2 chains: 1 chain = 66 feet) also are available. Close

• 14. [Article] Vegetation and soils of watersheds 2 and 3, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest

  Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome program It was recognized that experimental watersheds 2 and 3 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation and soils of watersheds 2 and 3, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., University of Washington Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome program It was recognized that experimental watersheds 2 and 3 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary background ecological information about these watersheds, which would then be available before intensive studies were undertaken. This report contains a summary of the Information obtained as a result of an inventory of vegetation and soils present on the watersheds. It contains the vegetation mapping legend, vegetation maps, descriptions of mapped vegetation units, detailed soil maps, and a brief description of soils present. In addition to small maps included with this report, large-scale vegetation maps (scale 2 inches or 5 centimeters equals 100 meters) are also available. Title: Vegetation and soils of watersheds 2 and 3, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest Author: Hawk, Glenn M., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Dyrness, C. T., University of Washington Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome program It was recognized that experimental watersheds 2 and 3 in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary background ecological information about these watersheds, which would then be available before intensive studies were undertaken. This report contains a summary of the Information obtained as a result of an inventory of vegetation and soils present on the watersheds. It contains the vegetation mapping legend, vegetation maps, descriptions of mapped vegetation units, detailed soil maps, and a brief description of soils present. In addition to small maps included with this report, large-scale vegetation maps (scale 2 inches or 5 centimeters equals 100 meters) are also available. Close

• 15. [Article] Report on coordination project, Terrestrial Consumer Group

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report on coordination project, Terrestrial Consumer Group Author: Taber, Richard D., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Title: Report on coordination project, Terrestrial Consumer Group Author: Taber, Richard D., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Close

• 16. [Article] Tree physiological process studies at the Allen E. Thompson research center : a 1972 progress report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tree physiological process studies at the Allen E. Thompson research center : a 1972 progress report Author: Walker, Richard B., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., Salo, David John, 1940-, Leverenz, J. W., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Title: Tree physiological process studies at the Allen E. Thompson research center : a 1972 progress report Author: Walker, Richard B., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., Salo, David John, 1940-, Leverenz, J. W., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Close

• 17. [Article] Methods employed in forest nutrient cycling studies at Cedar River

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Methods employed in forest nutrient cycling studies at Cedar River Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Cole, Dale W., Turner, John, Gessel, Stanley P., University of Washington Title: Methods employed in forest nutrient cycling studies at Cedar River Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Cole, Dale W., Turner, John, Gessel, Stanley P., University of Washington Close

• 18. [Article] Sediment and nutrient fluxes of lakes in the Lake Washington drainage basin

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sediment and nutrient fluxes of lakes in the Lake Washington drainage basin Author: Birch, Peter Barrett, 1947-, Barnes, B., Spyridakis, Dimitri E., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Title: Sediment and nutrient fluxes of lakes in the Lake Washington drainage basin Author: Birch, Peter Barrett, 1947-, Barnes, B., Spyridakis, Dimitri E., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Close

• 19. [Article] Respiratory electron transport system activity measurements from four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Respiratory electron transport system activity measurements from four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Packard, Theodore T., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Devol, Allan H. (Allan Houston) Title: Respiratory electron transport system activity measurements from four lakes in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Packard, Theodore T., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Devol, Allan H. (Allan Houston) Close

• 20. [Article] Annotated bibliography on the ecology of the Lake Washington drainage

  This annotated bibliography contains 392 published and unpublished references that pertain to the natural resources in the Lake Washington watershed, with particular emphasis on the aquatic environment. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annotated bibliography on the ecology of the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome This annotated bibliography contains 392 published and unpublished references that pertain to the natural resources in the Lake Washington watershed, with particular emphasis on the aquatic environment. All references are indexed by keywords. Title: Annotated bibliography on the ecology of the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome This annotated bibliography contains 392 published and unpublished references that pertain to the natural resources in the Lake Washington watershed, with particular emphasis on the aquatic environment. All references are indexed by keywords. Close

• 21. [Article] Hydrologic model for watershed 10, Andrews Experimental Forest : round 1

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrologic model for watershed 10, Andrews Experimental Forest : round 1 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Brown, George, Overton, W. Scott, University of Washington Title: Hydrologic model for watershed 10, Andrews Experimental Forest : round 1 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Brown, George, Overton, W. Scott, University of Washington Close

• 22. [Article] Carbon flux in the water column

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Carbon flux in the water column Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Lighthart, B., University of Washington, Bollinger, J. Title: Carbon flux in the water column Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Lighthart, B., University of Washington, Bollinger, J. Close

• 23. [Article] Role of benthic and littoral fish in the productivity and ecology of the Lake Washington drainage

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role of benthic and littoral fish in the productivity and ecology of the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Whitney, Richard R., University of Washington Title: Role of benthic and littoral fish in the productivity and ecology of the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Whitney, Richard R., University of Washington Close

• 24. [Article] Zooplankton production and feeding in lakes of the Cedar River Watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Zooplankton production and feeding in lakes of the Cedar River Watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., Litt, Arni, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Title: Zooplankton production and feeding in lakes of the Cedar River Watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., Litt, Arni, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.), University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Close

• 25. [Article] Computer modeling of a coniferous forest watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Computer modeling of a coniferous forest watershed Author: Shih, George B., Hawkins, Richard H., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Chambers, Melvin D. Title: Computer modeling of a coniferous forest watershed Author: Shih, George B., Hawkins, Richard H., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Chambers, Melvin D. Close

• 26. [Article] Soils and parent materials of Findley Lake, Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington

  Findley Lake watershed is located in the Snoqualmie National Forest and has a surface area of 259 ha (1 Mi²). The lake is at an elevation of 1128 m (3701 ft) but the ridges attain elevations of 1450 m ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soils and parent materials of Findley Lake, Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Bockheim, James G., University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Findley Lake watershed is located in the Snoqualmie National Forest and has a surface area of 259 ha (1 Mi²). The lake is at an elevation of 1128 m (3701 ft) but the ridges attain elevations of 1450 m (4750 ft). The Cougar Mountain Formation, consisting of lava flows, conglomerate, and volcanic sandstone, underlies the basin. The area has been glaciated and covered by a number of volcanic ash layers. Carbon 14 dating of stratified charcoal has shown that tephra are present among the ashes of Mt. St. Helens-W, Mt. St. Helens-Y, and Mazama (300, 3200, and 6700 yr B.P., respectively). An extensive fire occurred 200 years ago. Abies amabilis and Tsuga heterophylla are the most common tree species of the area. Soils were mapped into groups depending upon parent material and vegetation. The following groups were recognized. Soils of talus (16.2% of total); soils of mixed materials: (1) forested (56.2%), (2) semiforested (4.3%), (3) unforested (1.6%); residual soils of the ridges: (1) forested (17.5%), (2) unforested (4.2%). The soils Include the Haplumbrept, yorthod, and Haplaquept, andic and humic. Title: Soils and parent materials of Findley Lake, Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Bockheim, James G., University of Washington, Ugolini, Fiorenzo C. Findley Lake watershed is located in the Snoqualmie National Forest and has a surface area of 259 ha (1 Mi²). The lake is at an elevation of 1128 m (3701 ft) but the ridges attain elevations of 1450 m (4750 ft). The Cougar Mountain Formation, consisting of lava flows, conglomerate, and volcanic sandstone, underlies the basin. The area has been glaciated and covered by a number of volcanic ash layers. Carbon 14 dating of stratified charcoal has shown that tephra are present among the ashes of Mt. St. Helens-W, Mt. St. Helens-Y, and Mazama (300, 3200, and 6700 yr B.P., respectively). An extensive fire occurred 200 years ago. Abies amabilis and Tsuga heterophylla are the most common tree species of the area. Soils were mapped into groups depending upon parent material and vegetation. The following groups were recognized. Soils of talus (16.2% of total); soils of mixed materials: (1) forested (56.2%), (2) semiforested (4.3%), (3) unforested (1.6%); residual soils of the ridges: (1) forested (17.5%), (2) unforested (4.2%). The soils Include the Haplumbrept, yorthod, and Haplaquept, andic and humic. Close

• 27. [Article] Coniferous Forest Biome : summary of research and synthesis activities July 1975-August 1976

  Research activities in the post-IBP phase of the Biome program prior to July 1975 were reported in Internal Report 162. Summaries of research and synthesis activities from July 1975 to August 1976 are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coniferous Forest Biome : summary of research and synthesis activities July 1975-August 1976 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Edmonds, Robert L. Research activities in the post-IBP phase of the Biome program prior to July 1975 were reported in Internal Report 162. Summaries of research and synthesis activities from July 1975 to August 1976 are presented here. The reports are arranged in the following order: Analysis of individual terrestrial ecosystems, which has three components (behavior and Strategies of Individual Ecosystems, Environment and Plant Succession and the Land-Use Model); Analysis of Watersheds, which has two components (Watershed 10 and Findley Lake); and Analysis of aquatic ecosystems, which is divided into two components (Lakes and Streams). A total list of Biome publications is included in the Appendix. A more specific list of open literature publications is available from the Biome Office. Progress of the synthesis activities is discussed in Section 5. Title: Coniferous Forest Biome : summary of research and synthesis activities July 1975-August 1976 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Edmonds, Robert L. Research activities in the post-IBP phase of the Biome program prior to July 1975 were reported in Internal Report 162. Summaries of research and synthesis activities from July 1975 to August 1976 are presented here. The reports are arranged in the following order: Analysis of individual terrestrial ecosystems, which has three components (behavior and Strategies of Individual Ecosystems, Environment and Plant Succession and the Land-Use Model); Analysis of Watersheds, which has two components (Watershed 10 and Findley Lake); and Analysis of aquatic ecosystems, which is divided into two components (Lakes and Streams). A total list of Biome publications is included in the Appendix. A more specific list of open literature publications is available from the Biome Office. Progress of the synthesis activities is discussed in Section 5. Close

• 28. [Article] Estimates of biomass of detritus food chain

  Best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimates of biomass of detritus food chain Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Taub, F. B. (Frieda B.), University of Washington, Bissonnette, Pam Best copy available. Title: Estimates of biomass of detritus food chain Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Taub, F. B. (Frieda B.), University of Washington, Bissonnette, Pam Best copy available. Close

• 29. [Article] Checklist of fishes occuring in the Lake Washington drainage

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Checklist of fishes occuring in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Title: Checklist of fishes occuring in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Close

• 30. [Article] Checklist of fishes in the Lake Washington drainage

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Checklist of fishes in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Title: Checklist of fishes in the Lake Washington drainage Author: Wydoski, Richard S., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington Close

• 31. [Article] Seasonal and diurnal patterns of water status in Acer circinatum

  Best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal and diurnal patterns of water status in Acer circinatum Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Best copy available. Title: Seasonal and diurnal patterns of water status in Acer circinatum Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Best copy available. Close

• 32. [Article] Recent geomorphic history in the area of experimental watersheds 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10, H. J. Andrews Forest

  Studies in the lower Lookout Creek-Blue River area have revealed a geomorphic history including glaciation and the development of three alluvial surfaces, presently active alluvial cones and older, deeply ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recent geomorphic history in the area of experimental watersheds 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10, H. J. Andrews Forest Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, James, Michael E., University of Washington, Swanson, Frederick J. (Frederick John), 1943- Studies in the lower Lookout Creek-Blue River area have revealed a geomorphic history including glaciation and the development of three alluvial surfaces, presently active alluvial cones and older, deeply dissected cone remnants. Results are based on landform mapping, analysis of the types and distributions of surficial sediments, and the distribution of Mazama ash. Presence of the ash makes it possible to date geomorphic features relative to a time horizon about 8,000 years in age. This work has served to identify individual cones which will be studied further to learn the erosional histories of specific watersheds. Title: Recent geomorphic history in the area of experimental watersheds 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10, H. J. Andrews Forest Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, James, Michael E., University of Washington, Swanson, Frederick J. (Frederick John), 1943- Studies in the lower Lookout Creek-Blue River area have revealed a geomorphic history including glaciation and the development of three alluvial surfaces, presently active alluvial cones and older, deeply dissected cone remnants. Results are based on landform mapping, analysis of the types and distributions of surficial sediments, and the distribution of Mazama ash. Presence of the ash makes it possible to date geomorphic features relative to a time horizon about 8,000 years in age. This work has served to identify individual cones which will be studied further to learn the erosional histories of specific watersheds. Close

• 33. [Article] Ecological survey of fungi active in western coniferous forest soils

  During Biome 1, our primary objective was identification of the dominant fungi involved in litter decomposition. Two survey methods were used: (1) a survey of macrofungi occurring on Watershed 2 based ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecological survey of fungi active in western coniferous forest soils Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Denison, William C., University of Washington During Biome 1, our primary objective was identification of the dominant fungi involved in litter decomposition. Two survey methods were used: (1) a survey of macrofungi occurring on Watershed 2 based on fruiting bodies collected and cultures; and (2) a survey of microfungi on decomposing foliage based on cultures isolated from Douglas-fir and hemlock needles from Watersheds 1 and 2. Title: Ecological survey of fungi active in western coniferous forest soils Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Denison, William C., University of Washington During Biome 1, our primary objective was identification of the dominant fungi involved in litter decomposition. Two survey methods were used: (1) a survey of macrofungi occurring on Watershed 2 based on fruiting bodies collected and cultures; and (2) a survey of microfungi on decomposing foliage based on cultures isolated from Douglas-fir and hemlock needles from Watersheds 1 and 2. Close

• 34. [Article] Acari, insecta and nematoda of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews experimental forest

  Populations of mites and.nematodes were monitored on Watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Forest. A minimum of 50 families and 60 genera of mites are present, the majority being Cryptostgmata. Population estimates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Acari, insecta and nematoda of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews experimental forest Author: Jensen, Harold J. (Harold James), 1921-, Shimabukaro, R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Krantz, G. W., Wernz, J. G., University of Washington Populations of mites and.nematodes were monitored on Watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Forest. A minimum of 50 families and 60 genera of mites are present, the majority being Cryptostgmata. Population estimates vary from 5000-350,000 per square meter. Nine categories of nematodes are present, most belonging to the saprozoic, dorylaimoid, aquatic and mononchoid groups Population estimates vary from 400,000-2,000,000 per square meter. Preliminary correlations of population vs. moisture (climate) are made. Title: Acari, insecta and nematoda of watershed 10, H. J. Andrews experimental forest Author: Jensen, Harold J. (Harold James), 1921-, Shimabukaro, R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Krantz, G. W., Wernz, J. G., University of Washington Populations of mites and.nematodes were monitored on Watershed 10, H. J. Andrews Forest. A minimum of 50 families and 60 genera of mites are present, the majority being Cryptostgmata. Population estimates vary from 5000-350,000 per square meter. Nine categories of nematodes are present, most belonging to the saprozoic, dorylaimoid, aquatic and mononchoid groups Population estimates vary from 400,000-2,000,000 per square meter. Preliminary correlations of population vs. moisture (climate) are made. Close

• 35. [Article] Coniferous Forest Biome : progress report, July 1974 - August 1975

  The specific objectives of the program are: (1) To understand the relative behavior of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in various environments in the biome. (2) To develop conceptual and computer simulation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coniferous Forest Biome : progress report, July 1974 - August 1975 Author: Edmonds, Robert L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington The specific objectives of the program are: (1) To understand the relative behavior of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in various environments in the biome. (2) To develop conceptual and computer simulation models that describe nutrient, carbon, and waterflows on a short-term basis (fewer than ten years) and which integrate research results and increase our understanding of coniferous forests and associated aquatic ecosystems. These models are being developed at the process, forest stand or water column, and watershed levels. (3) To develop conceptual and computer simulation models that describe the long-term behavior of coniferous forest ecosystems involving succession and erosion. (4) To understand the linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. (5) To determine the effect of manipulations, such as clearcutting, fertilization, and defoliation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Title: Coniferous Forest Biome : progress report, July 1974 - August 1975 Author: Edmonds, Robert L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington The specific objectives of the program are: (1) To understand the relative behavior of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in various environments in the biome. (2) To develop conceptual and computer simulation models that describe nutrient, carbon, and waterflows on a short-term basis (fewer than ten years) and which integrate research results and increase our understanding of coniferous forests and associated aquatic ecosystems. These models are being developed at the process, forest stand or water column, and watershed levels. (3) To develop conceptual and computer simulation models that describe the long-term behavior of coniferous forest ecosystems involving succession and erosion. (4) To understand the linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. (5) To determine the effect of manipulations, such as clearcutting, fertilization, and defoliation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Close

• 36. [Article] Mineral cycling in Douglas-fir : intensive study progress report

  Intensive studies of the mineral cycling process in young-growth Douglas-fir stands have been in progress at the R. H. Thompson Research Center since 1966. During this time, a substantial body of information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mineral cycling in Douglas-fir : intensive study progress report Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Cole, Dale W., University of Washington Intensive studies of the mineral cycling process in young-growth Douglas-fir stands have been in progress at the R. H. Thompson Research Center since 1966. During this time, a substantial body of information has been collected on the amounts, pathways, rates of transfer, and mechanisms that control transfer of elements in the mineral cycling process in this ecosystem. These studies have had two major objectives: (1) to provide information describing the changes in mineral cycling as the stand grows, and (2) to examine the year-to-year variation in the mineral cycling process. More recently, a third objective has been to examine the relation between climatic factors and the various mechanisms that control rates of transfer along the transfer pathways. Title: Mineral cycling in Douglas-fir : intensive study progress report Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Cole, Dale W., University of Washington Intensive studies of the mineral cycling process in young-growth Douglas-fir stands have been in progress at the R. H. Thompson Research Center since 1966. During this time, a substantial body of information has been collected on the amounts, pathways, rates of transfer, and mechanisms that control transfer of elements in the mineral cycling process in this ecosystem. These studies have had two major objectives: (1) to provide information describing the changes in mineral cycling as the stand grows, and (2) to examine the year-to-year variation in the mineral cycling process. More recently, a third objective has been to examine the relation between climatic factors and the various mechanisms that control rates of transfer along the transfer pathways. Close

• 37. [Article] Eddy sizes above a forest canopy

  Sixteen propeller anemometers were placed 29 meters above a 45-year-old (approximately) Douglas-fir stand. Correlations between paired anemometers, when viewed as a function of distance between them, showed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Eddy sizes above a forest canopy Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Fritschen, Leo, Farnum, Peter, University of Washington Sixteen propeller anemometers were placed 29 meters above a 45-year-old (approximately) Douglas-fir stand. Correlations between paired anemometers, when viewed as a function of distance between them, showed that eddies up to 5 meters in diameter were common, and indicated that larger eddies up to 9 meters across occur. Partial correlation coefficients between anemometers indicated that eddies are simply connected in cross section. Morning and nighttime data were excluded from analysis because the air was too calm. Results are related to the use of the eddy correlation method of determining atmospheric fluxes and the lack of preferential locations for updrafts or downdrafts above a tree crown. Title: Eddy sizes above a forest canopy Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Fritschen, Leo, Farnum, Peter, University of Washington Sixteen propeller anemometers were placed 29 meters above a 45-year-old (approximately) Douglas-fir stand. Correlations between paired anemometers, when viewed as a function of distance between them, showed that eddies up to 5 meters in diameter were common, and indicated that larger eddies up to 9 meters across occur. Partial correlation coefficients between anemometers indicated that eddies are simply connected in cross section. Morning and nighttime data were excluded from analysis because the air was too calm. Results are related to the use of the eddy correlation method of determining atmospheric fluxes and the lack of preferential locations for updrafts or downdrafts above a tree crown. Close

• 38. [Article] Diurnal dimensional fluctuations in Douglas-fir stems in response to plant internal moisture status and environment

  Best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diurnal dimensional fluctuations in Douglas-fir stems in response to plant internal moisture status and environment Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Best copy available. Title: Diurnal dimensional fluctuations in Douglas-fir stems in response to plant internal moisture status and environment Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Scott, David R. M., University of Washington, Lassoie, J. P. Best copy available. Close

• 39. [Article] Nitrogen transformations

  The feasibility and enumeration studies have led to the following conclusions: The nitrogen fixation studies should be done in 1973, using acetylene reduction technique with some verification by N15. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nitrogen transformations Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Palmer, Fred, Taub, F. B. (Frieda B.), University of Washington The feasibility and enumeration studies have led to the following conclusions: The nitrogen fixation studies should be done in 1973, using acetylene reduction technique with some verification by N15. The denitrification studies should be done with N15 technique. The decision to continue more enumeration sampling of nitrogen transforming bacteria should be based on comparisons of the 1972 enumerations with the chemical budget The pertinent literature is listed in the appendix of the report; the reprints are housed in Dr. Taub's office, 212 Fisheries Center, University of Washington. The enumeration data are presented in the report. Title: Nitrogen transformations Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Palmer, Fred, Taub, F. B. (Frieda B.), University of Washington The feasibility and enumeration studies have led to the following conclusions: The nitrogen fixation studies should be done in 1973, using acetylene reduction technique with some verification by N15. The denitrification studies should be done with N15 technique. The decision to continue more enumeration sampling of nitrogen transforming bacteria should be based on comparisons of the 1972 enumerations with the chemical budget The pertinent literature is listed in the appendix of the report; the reprints are housed in Dr. Taub's office, 212 Fisheries Center, University of Washington. The enumeration data are presented in the report. Close

• 40. [Article] Terrestrial vertebrate consumers of Cedar River intensive sites : parameters for modeling

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Terrestrial vertebrate consumers of Cedar River intensive sites : parameters for modeling Author: Taber, Richard D., Manuwal, David Allen, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Weisbrod, Richard, University of Washington, McCaughran, Donald A. Title: Terrestrial vertebrate consumers of Cedar River intensive sites : parameters for modeling Author: Taber, Richard D., Manuwal, David Allen, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Weisbrod, Richard, University of Washington, McCaughran, Donald A. Close

• 41. [Article] Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Moore, Duane G., University of Washington Title: Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Moore, Duane G., University of Washington Close

• 42. [Article] Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed

  Best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Fritschen, Leo, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Best copy available. Title: Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Fritschen, Leo, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Best copy available. Close

• 43. [Article] Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed

  Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Stoll, Richard Kenneth, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.) Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran and nine rotifer species were identified in the three lakes. No one species of cladoceran or copepod occurred in all the lakes, but the rotifers are common throughout. Copepods in the lakes showed no clear diet migration, while two cladocerans did migrate. Copepods were most important numerically in the lakes. Some principal members were Diaptomus ashZandi which reached a seasonal maximum adult density of 11/2 (mean of water column) in Lake Sammamish and LimnocaZanus in Chester Morse which reached a maximum of 0.7/2. Two Diaptomus species are Important in Findley Lake. Densities averaged about 10 times greater in Sammamish than in the two oligotrophic lakes. Data on population dynamics from the egg ratio technique are given for the common cladocerans in the three lakes. Grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton stimulated photosynthetic carbon uptake in the light in excess of 200 percent over ungrazed populations. Phytoplankton loss rates from grazing ranged from 0.002 to 0.268 pg chi a/ animal day. Feeding was found to be maximum at low concentrations of algae. These rates account for from 2-247 percent of the average growing season productivity in the lakes. Net plankton (>500 were seldom grazed and since that size fraction and algal mass in general increased with mean productivity and nutrient content in the lakes such decreasing efficiency in food transfer is seen as a major effect of eutrophication. Title: Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Stoll, Richard Kenneth, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.) Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran and nine rotifer species were identified in the three lakes. No one species of cladoceran or copepod occurred in all the lakes, but the rotifers are common throughout. Copepods in the lakes showed no clear diet migration, while two cladocerans did migrate. Copepods were most important numerically in the lakes. Some principal members were Diaptomus ashZandi which reached a seasonal maximum adult density of 11/2 (mean of water column) in Lake Sammamish and LimnocaZanus in Chester Morse which reached a maximum of 0.7/2. Two Diaptomus species are Important in Findley Lake. Densities averaged about 10 times greater in Sammamish than in the two oligotrophic lakes. Data on population dynamics from the egg ratio technique are given for the common cladocerans in the three lakes. Grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton stimulated photosynthetic carbon uptake in the light in excess of 200 percent over ungrazed populations. Phytoplankton loss rates from grazing ranged from 0.002 to 0.268 pg chi a/ animal day. Feeding was found to be maximum at low concentrations of algae. These rates account for from 2-247 percent of the average growing season productivity in the lakes. Net plankton (>500 were seldom grazed and since that size fraction and algal mass in general increased with mean productivity and nutrient content in the lakes such decreasing efficiency in food transfer is seen as a major effect of eutrophication. Close

• 44. [Article] Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography

  Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Harr, R. Dennis (Robert Dennis), 1941-, Ranken, Darren W., University of Washington Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil on a steep slope. Hydrologic properties include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, pore-size distribution, moisture characteristics, stone content, and soil depth. Laboratory analyses indicated an abrupt change in hydrologic properties within the top 1.5 m of soil. Water input and movement through the soil are being monitored during winter storm events. Title: Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Harr, R. Dennis (Robert Dennis), 1941-, Ranken, Darren W., University of Washington Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil on a steep slope. Hydrologic properties include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, pore-size distribution, moisture characteristics, stone content, and soil depth. Laboratory analyses indicated an abrupt change in hydrologic properties within the top 1.5 m of soil. Water input and movement through the soil are being monitored during winter storm events. Close

• 45. [Article] Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests

  A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Strand, H. A. A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and soil organic matter. Processes simulated by the model include: litterfall by component, root turnover, respiration, decomposition, and organic matter transport. Data from the A. E. Thompson Experimental Forest in Washington were used to test the model. Results were consistent with observed behavior and published values for the nonwoody litter and the two soil compartments. Results indicate that the woody litter compartment may,need to be further divided according to particle size. Title: Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Strand, H. A. A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and soil organic matter. Processes simulated by the model include: litterfall by component, root turnover, respiration, decomposition, and organic matter transport. Data from the A. E. Thompson Experimental Forest in Washington were used to test the model. Results were consistent with observed behavior and published values for the nonwoody litter and the two soil compartments. Results indicate that the woody litter compartment may,need to be further divided according to particle size. Close

• 46. [Article] Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972

  The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Rhoades, Frederick Mast, University of Washington The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken. Collections were made from October, 1970 to April, 1972; generally, the more fungi fruiting, the more often trips to collect were made. Attempts were made to culture all fungi from fresh and large enough specimens, though only few positive cultures were obtained. Specimens were dried and deposited in the OSU herbarium. In addition, those collections of Dr. James Trappe and Robert Fogel, made from the Andrews, are included in the list. I would like to aknowledge the help of Dr. D. E. Stuntz and Dr. Alexander Smith in identification of some collections. Needless to say this list is hardly complete; it is presented with the expectation that changes, additions and deletions will be sent to the author, by those who know the fungal flora and have made collections in the Andrews and nearby. Title: Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Rhoades, Frederick Mast, University of Washington The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken. Collections were made from October, 1970 to April, 1972; generally, the more fungi fruiting, the more often trips to collect were made. Attempts were made to culture all fungi from fresh and large enough specimens, though only few positive cultures were obtained. Specimens were dried and deposited in the OSU herbarium. In addition, those collections of Dr. James Trappe and Robert Fogel, made from the Andrews, are included in the list. I would like to aknowledge the help of Dr. D. E. Stuntz and Dr. Alexander Smith in identification of some collections. Needless to say this list is hardly complete; it is presented with the expectation that changes, additions and deletions will be sent to the author, by those who know the fungal flora and have made collections in the Andrews and nearby. Close

• 47. [Article] Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one

  The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one Author: Hall, James D., Higley, Duane Lee, McIntire, C. David, University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge to the group was: 1. Define an appropriate internal structure for the aquatic subsystem; 2. Define significant couplings between the aquatic and terrestrial systems; and 3. Begin to evaluate the present program with the above as background. In general, the discussion centered around stream systems, and specifically around the Lookout Creek drainage on the H. J. Andrews Forest, site of most of the Oregon field research. Much consideration. was given to the best means of incorporating data from earlier studies on Berry Creek, the Drift Creek streams (Alsea Watershed Study), and the Oak Creek Experimental Streams into present modeling efforts. Higley is charged with the responsibility of bringing together a listing of the pertinent publications and theses that might be most applicable to this effort. A tentative listing is included with this report. Title: Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one Author: Hall, James D., Higley, Duane Lee, McIntire, C. David, University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge to the group was: 1. Define an appropriate internal structure for the aquatic subsystem; 2. Define significant couplings between the aquatic and terrestrial systems; and 3. Begin to evaluate the present program with the above as background. In general, the discussion centered around stream systems, and specifically around the Lookout Creek drainage on the H. J. Andrews Forest, site of most of the Oregon field research. Much consideration. was given to the best means of incorporating data from earlier studies on Berry Creek, the Drift Creek streams (Alsea Watershed Study), and the Oak Creek Experimental Streams into present modeling efforts. Higley is charged with the responsibility of bringing together a listing of the pertinent publications and theses that might be most applicable to this effort. A tentative listing is included with this report. Close

• 48. [Article] Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis

  In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis Author: Holbo, Harold Richard, Kline, J. R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Running, S. W., Waring, Richard H. In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects the entire forest ecosystem. As water is evaporated, it absorbs heat and influences the energy budget; as it is conducted through vascular plants, it carries nutrients; and as it is removed from the soil, it reduces seepage and water available to free-living soil organisms. It is important in an ecosystem model that the hydrologic, biologic, and meteorological processes be coupled in a realistic manner. It is the objective of this report to suggest a coupling that is both practical and theoretically sound. Title: Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis Author: Holbo, Harold Richard, Kline, J. R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Running, S. W., Waring, Richard H. In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects the entire forest ecosystem. As water is evaporated, it absorbs heat and influences the energy budget; as it is conducted through vascular plants, it carries nutrients; and as it is removed from the soil, it reduces seepage and water available to free-living soil organisms. It is important in an ecosystem model that the hydrologic, biologic, and meteorological processes be coupled in a realistic manner. It is the objective of this report to suggest a coupling that is both practical and theoretically sound. Close

• 49. [Article] Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1

  The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Close