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• 1. [Article] Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods, OR During 2012

  Three lakes located within the Klamath River Basin in Oregon (Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods) were surveyed for aquatic invasive species during the summer of 2012. Specimens were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods, OR During 2012 Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2013 Three lakes located within the Klamath River Basin in Oregon (Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods) were surveyed for aquatic invasive species during the summer of 2012. Specimens were collected using plant rakes, benthic dredges, plankton nets, and crayfish traps. No invasive aquatic plants, gastropods, snails, bivalves or crayfish were detected in the lakes. Title: Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods, OR During 2012 Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2013 Three lakes located within the Klamath River Basin in Oregon (Upper Klamath Lake, Fourmile Lake, and Lake of the Woods) were surveyed for aquatic invasive species during the summer of 2012. Specimens were collected using plant rakes, benthic dredges, plankton nets, and crayfish traps. No invasive aquatic plants, gastropods, snails, bivalves or crayfish were detected in the lakes. Close

• 2. [Article] OSMB Final Report, Task 7: Online Atlas of Oregon Lakes - Aquatic Invasive Species Interface

  In order to educate a broad cross section of the public about Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) distributions and survey efforts in Oregon’s lakes and reservoirs, database connections were created to display ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OSMB Final Report, Task 7: Online Atlas of Oregon Lakes - Aquatic Invasive Species Interface Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 In order to educate a broad cross section of the public about Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) distributions and survey efforts in Oregon’s lakes and reservoirs, database connections were created to display AIS information on the Online Atlas of Oregon Lakes (aol.research.pdx.edu/). The connections allowed for the dynamic display of AIS survey records stored in three separate databases: the Center for Lakes and Reservoir’s Oregon Aquatic Plant and Mussel Databases and the iMapInvasives database. AIS survey records collected by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs were also reported to the iMapInvasives database. Title: OSMB Final Report, Task 7: Online Atlas of Oregon Lakes - Aquatic Invasive Species Interface Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 In order to educate a broad cross section of the public about Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) distributions and survey efforts in Oregon’s lakes and reservoirs, database connections were created to display AIS information on the Online Atlas of Oregon Lakes (aol.research.pdx.edu/). The connections allowed for the dynamic display of AIS survey records stored in three separate databases: the Center for Lakes and Reservoir’s Oregon Aquatic Plant and Mussel Databases and the iMapInvasives database. AIS survey records collected by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs were also reported to the iMapInvasives database. Close

• 3. [Article] Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds

  Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Title: Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2012 Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes and ponds. The UNF and the Oregon Department of Agriculture are exploring ways to eradicate the yellow floating heart infestation in Willow Sump. Close

• 4. [Article] Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop

  Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Phillips, Stephen, Counihan, Timothy D. Year: 2015 Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest would likely have significant economic, soci­etal and environmental implications for the entire region. Understanding the biology and environmental tolerances of dreissenid mussels, and effectiveness of various man­agement strategies, is key to prevention. On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology). Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the work­shop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop. Title: Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Phillips, Stephen, Counihan, Timothy D. Year: 2015 Currently, dreissenid mussels have yet to be detected in the northwestern part of the United States and western Canada. Infestation of one of the jurisdictions within the mussel-free Pacific Northwest would likely have significant economic, soci­etal and environmental implications for the entire region. Understanding the biology and environmental tolerances of dreissenid mussels, and effectiveness of various man­agement strategies, is key to prevention. On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology). Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the work­shop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop. Close

• 5. [Article] 2011 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet and North Fork Reservoir : final report

  Portland General Electric (PGE) was issued a new license by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the continued operation and maintenance of the Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2011 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet and North Fork Reservoir : final report Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Morgan, Vanessa Howard Year: 2011 Portland General Electric (PGE) was issued a new license by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the continued operation and maintenance of the Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) on December 21, 2010. This Project is located on both the lower 16 miles of Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River (Oak Grove Fork) and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. The effects of relicensing this Project were addressed in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) completed in December 2006 and included the issue of invasive aquatic weed species. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Surveys of Timothy Lake conducted by Portland State University (PSU) in 1996 and a subsequent survey of Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet in 2004 did not locate any problematic aquatic weed species. However, repeated monitoring is necessary to detect infestations in a timely fashion and, if noxious weeds are present, to allow treatment when weed cover is low and eradication efforts more cost effective. With that aim, PSU conducted aquatic vegetation surveys of Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 31 and September 13, 2011. The purpose of these surveys was to detect any populations of aquatic weeds occurring in the lakes while also establishing baseline information reading native aquatic vegetation abundance and distributions in each waterbody. Title: 2011 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet and North Fork Reservoir : final report Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Morgan, Vanessa Howard Year: 2011 Portland General Electric (PGE) was issued a new license by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the continued operation and maintenance of the Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) on December 21, 2010. This Project is located on both the lower 16 miles of Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River (Oak Grove Fork) and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. The effects of relicensing this Project were addressed in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) completed in December 2006 and included the issue of invasive aquatic weed species. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Surveys of Timothy Lake conducted by Portland State University (PSU) in 1996 and a subsequent survey of Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet in 2004 did not locate any problematic aquatic weed species. However, repeated monitoring is necessary to detect infestations in a timely fashion and, if noxious weeds are present, to allow treatment when weed cover is low and eradication efforts more cost effective. With that aim, PSU conducted aquatic vegetation surveys of Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 31 and September 13, 2011. The purpose of these surveys was to detect any populations of aquatic weeds occurring in the lakes while also establishing baseline information reading native aquatic vegetation abundance and distributions in each waterbody. Close

• 6. [Article] Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011

  The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Title: Aquatic Plant Surveys in the Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, 2010-2011 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa Year: 2011 The introduction of invasive aquatic plant species (IAPS) can cause significant ecological and economic harm. IAPS can displace native aquatic plant species, impair recreation, and degrade water quality. Early detection of new invasions can improve chances for successful eradication or containment to reduce the risk of IAPS spread. The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) lists the most egregious offenders as “Noxious Weeds” which are defined as plants classified by the Oregon State Weed Board that are injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property (ODA 2011). Several IAPS classified as noxious have been detected within the Medford District of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Southern Oregon including yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata) and yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus). During the summers of 2010 and 2011, IAPS surveys were conducted at selected reservoirs, lakes, and river boat launches within the Medford District to determine the extent of IAPS infestations as well as the distributions of native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes results of the surveys and provides recommendations for management of IAPS within the Medford District. Observations of any invasive aquatic animal species such as New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) are also reported. Close

• 7. [Article] Aquatic Invasive Plant Surveys in the BLM Medford District During 2012

  Aquatic plant surveys were conducted at 22 waterbodies located within the Bureau of Land Management’s Medford District during the summer of 2012. Sites included eleven lakes, ponds or reservoirs and six ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Invasive Plant Surveys in the BLM Medford District During 2012 Author: Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2013 Aquatic plant surveys were conducted at 22 waterbodies located within the Bureau of Land Management’s Medford District during the summer of 2012. Sites included eleven lakes, ponds or reservoirs and six reaches along the Rogue and Applegate Rivers. Five sampling areas surveyed during 2010 and 2011 were revisited to determine the extent of known non-native species infestations, positively identify rare species, or verify the absence of an expected non-native species. Plant specimens were collected at up to 50 sites at each waterbody using plant rakes or by observation. The non-native submersed species curly leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) and Eurasian x northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum x spicatum) were widespread throughout the District. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) was present at two sites. Emergent non-native aquatic species included parrotsfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus), purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinaceae), floating primrose-willow (Ludwigia peploides) and slender waternymph (Najas gracillima). Title: Aquatic Invasive Plant Surveys in the BLM Medford District During 2012 Author: Miller, Rich, Morgan, Vanessa, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2013 Aquatic plant surveys were conducted at 22 waterbodies located within the Bureau of Land Management’s Medford District during the summer of 2012. Sites included eleven lakes, ponds or reservoirs and six reaches along the Rogue and Applegate Rivers. Five sampling areas surveyed during 2010 and 2011 were revisited to determine the extent of known non-native species infestations, positively identify rare species, or verify the absence of an expected non-native species. Plant specimens were collected at up to 50 sites at each waterbody using plant rakes or by observation. The non-native submersed species curly leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) and Eurasian x northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum x spicatum) were widespread throughout the District. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) was present at two sites. Emergent non-native aquatic species included parrotsfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus), purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinaceae), floating primrose-willow (Ludwigia peploides) and slender waternymph (Najas gracillima). Close

• 8. [Article] Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Eastern Oregon Waterbodies in 2013 and 2014

  Early detection aquatic invasive species (AIS) surveys were conducted at 33 Eastern Oregon waterbodies during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Submerged aquatic plants, gastropods, bivalves, and crayfish ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Eastern Oregon Waterbodies in 2013 and 2014 Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 Early detection aquatic invasive species (AIS) surveys were conducted at 33 Eastern Oregon waterbodies during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Submerged aquatic plants, gastropods, bivalves, and crayfish were collected using a thatch rake, benthic dredge, plankton net, and modified minnow traps. Shoreline aquatic noxious weeds were noted when present and water quality characteristics were measured. Two AIS snail species, one AIS crayfish species, and five AIS plant species were detected during the surveys. Big-ear radix snails (Radix auricularia) were newly detected at 14 waterbodies distributed across the survey area. Chinese mystery snails (Cipangopaludina chinensis) were detected in one waterbody. Rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) were newly found at high densities at one lake. AIS plant species included Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), a hybrid of Eurasian with the native northern watermilfoil (M. spicatum x sibiricum), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), fragrant waterlily (Nymphaea odorata) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Fifty-six native aquatic plant species were identified in the waterbodies. Water quality conditions ranged from clear, low ionic strength water to highly turbid, productive, high ionic strength water. Title: Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys of Eastern Oregon Waterbodies in 2013 and 2014 Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 Early detection aquatic invasive species (AIS) surveys were conducted at 33 Eastern Oregon waterbodies during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Submerged aquatic plants, gastropods, bivalves, and crayfish were collected using a thatch rake, benthic dredge, plankton net, and modified minnow traps. Shoreline aquatic noxious weeds were noted when present and water quality characteristics were measured. Two AIS snail species, one AIS crayfish species, and five AIS plant species were detected during the surveys. Big-ear radix snails (Radix auricularia) were newly detected at 14 waterbodies distributed across the survey area. Chinese mystery snails (Cipangopaludina chinensis) were detected in one waterbody. Rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) were newly found at high densities at one lake. AIS plant species included Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), a hybrid of Eurasian with the native northern watermilfoil (M. spicatum x sibiricum), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), fragrant waterlily (Nymphaea odorata) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Fifty-six native aquatic plant species were identified in the waterbodies. Water quality conditions ranged from clear, low ionic strength water to highly turbid, productive, high ionic strength water. Close

• 9. [Article] Green Crab Control: A Removal Effort in a Shallow Central California Estuary

  Goal: To test the feasibility and effects of locally removing a well-established population of a marine organism with pelagic larvae. Removal of adult European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) from Bodega ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green Crab Control: A Removal Effort in a Shallow Central California Estuary Author: Larson, Amy A., de Rivera, C. E., Ruiz, G. M., Grosholz, E. D., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2008 Goal: To test the feasibility and effects of locally removing a well-established population of a marine organism with pelagic larvae. Removal of adult European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) from Bodega Harbor as a model system to develop and inform management options for eradication, rapid response, and control of marine invaders. Title: Green Crab Control: A Removal Effort in a Shallow Central California Estuary Author: Larson, Amy A., de Rivera, C. E., Ruiz, G. M., Grosholz, E. D., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2008 Goal: To test the feasibility and effects of locally removing a well-established population of a marine organism with pelagic larvae. Removal of adult European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) from Bodega Harbor as a model system to develop and inform management options for eradication, rapid response, and control of marine invaders. Close

• 10. [Article] Middle Columbia River Aquatic Nuisance Species Survey

  Aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) in the middle Columbia and lower Snake rivers were surveyed during the summer of 2006. The project area included eight reservoirs and the free-flowing, Hanford Reach ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Middle Columbia River Aquatic Nuisance Species Survey Author: Draheim, Robyn, Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Cordell, Jeffery Year: 2007 Aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) in the middle Columbia and lower Snake rivers were surveyed during the summer of 2006. The project area included eight reservoirs and the free-flowing, Hanford Reach on the Columbia River. We also conducted a literature review to create a complete list of ANS for the study area. Title: Middle Columbia River Aquatic Nuisance Species Survey Author: Draheim, Robyn, Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich, Cordell, Jeffery Year: 2007 Aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) in the middle Columbia and lower Snake rivers were surveyed during the summer of 2006. The project area included eight reservoirs and the free-flowing, Hanford Reach on the Columbia River. We also conducted a literature review to create a complete list of ANS for the study area. Close

• 11. [Article] Physical, Chemical and Biological Assessment of Yoncalla Log Ponds

  The Yoncalla Log Ponds are a series of four ponds located in within the city limits of the town in Yoncalla in northern Douglas County, Oregon. The ponds were created in stages between the late 1930s and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Physical, Chemical and Biological Assessment of Yoncalla Log Ponds Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2014 The Yoncalla Log Ponds are a series of four ponds located in within the city limits of the town in Yoncalla in northern Douglas County, Oregon. The ponds were created in stages between the late 1930s and the 1950s and used for log storage through the 1970s (North Douglas Betterment 2014). North Douglas Betterment purchased the land surrounding the ponds and contracted with the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University to assess the current morphometry, vegetation and water quality status of the ponds and provide recommendations for management of the aquatic vegetation. The scope of this document covers the current status assessment of the ponds using data collected from June 2013 through May 2014. Title: Physical, Chemical and Biological Assessment of Yoncalla Log Ponds Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2014 The Yoncalla Log Ponds are a series of four ponds located in within the city limits of the town in Yoncalla in northern Douglas County, Oregon. The ponds were created in stages between the late 1930s and the 1950s and used for log storage through the 1970s (North Douglas Betterment 2014). North Douglas Betterment purchased the land surrounding the ponds and contracted with the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University to assess the current morphometry, vegetation and water quality status of the ponds and provide recommendations for management of the aquatic vegetation. The scope of this document covers the current status assessment of the ponds using data collected from June 2013 through May 2014. Close

• 12. [Article] 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake

  The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2014 The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included in the Project include Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake. The operator of the Project, Portland General Electric (PGE), was issued a license on December 21, 2010 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for continued operations and maintenance. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the license noted that regular surveys for invasive aquatic weed species would be conducted as part of the Project’s Vegetation Management Plan. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Information from repeated aquatic surveys will help determine native species distributions and the need for treatment of problematic aquatic weed species, particularly hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Surveys conducted for PGE by Portland State University (PSU) in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, and North Fork Reservoir in 2011 did not locate any problematic submerged or floating leaved aquatic weed species. Earlier surveys of Timothy Lake, and Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet, also indicated the reservoirs were free of aquatic weeds. Heaton et al. (1996) noted that the native species Bidens beckii was present and had the potential to become weedy, however, this species was not found during the 2004 or 2011 surveys. This report covers the results of follow up aquatic vegetation surveys conducted in Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 14 and August 21, 2014, as well as new surveys of Faraday Lake and Estacada Lake. Shoreline surveys for emergent invasive species such as yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) were included in surveys for the first time. Title: 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2014 The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included in the Project include Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake. The operator of the Project, Portland General Electric (PGE), was issued a license on December 21, 2010 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for continued operations and maintenance. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the license noted that regular surveys for invasive aquatic weed species would be conducted as part of the Project’s Vegetation Management Plan. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Information from repeated aquatic surveys will help determine native species distributions and the need for treatment of problematic aquatic weed species, particularly hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Surveys conducted for PGE by Portland State University (PSU) in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, and North Fork Reservoir in 2011 did not locate any problematic submerged or floating leaved aquatic weed species. Earlier surveys of Timothy Lake, and Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet, also indicated the reservoirs were free of aquatic weeds. Heaton et al. (1996) noted that the native species Bidens beckii was present and had the potential to become weedy, however, this species was not found during the 2004 or 2011 surveys. This report covers the results of follow up aquatic vegetation surveys conducted in Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 14 and August 21, 2014, as well as new surveys of Faraday Lake and Estacada Lake. Shoreline surveys for emergent invasive species such as yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) were included in surveys for the first time. Close

• 13. [Article] Hydroacoustic Survey and Point Sampling of Macrophytes In Diamond Lake 2009

  MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc. was contracted to conduct a hydroacoustic survey of macrophyte distribution in Diamond Lake in 2009. The survey essentially repeated surveys conducted in 2002 and 2007, allowing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydroacoustic Survey and Point Sampling of Macrophytes In Diamond Lake 2009 Author: Eilers, Joseph, Eilers, Benn, Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2010 MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc. was contracted to conduct a hydroacoustic survey of macrophyte distribution in Diamond Lake in 2009. The survey essentially repeated surveys conducted in 2002 and 2007, allowing for a detailed assessment of conditions in 2009 and comparisons among previous years. In addition, Portland State University was contracted to conduct a depth stratified random point sample survey of macrophyte species presence and absence. The point sample survey was similar to surveys conducted in 2005 and 2007. The results of the 2009 hydroacoustic survey showed that macrophytes were widely distributed throughout the lake at depths less than 8 meters, although some shorter aggregations of macrophytes were found at depths down to 14 meters. Average canopy height corresponded closely to macrophyte density in 2009. The recent survey showed that macrophytes had extended deeper throughout the lake compared to 2002 and 2007 and that canopy height had increased substantially in some locations. The 2009 distribution showed that recolonization of the near shore areas was proceeding, albeit at a relatively slow pace since the lake drawdown completed in 2006. The maximum density of macrophytes in 2009 was found between 4 to 6 meters. Five macrophyte species, one macroalgal species, and filamentous algae were present in the 2009 random point survey. The occurrence rates of the macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Potamogeton praelongus in 2009 were similar to 2005 and 2007 while Potamogeton pusillus occurrence increased and Myriophyllum verticillatum decreased. Macrophytes were present in a few samples greater than 9 meters; however, biomass, as measured by the fullness of a sampling rake, was highest between 2 and 6 meters. The comparison of the grab sampling conducted in August with the hydroacoustic survey in early September showed poor correspondence in macrophyte density obtained by the two methods. This is likely due to differences in spatial scales of collected samples (10 m2 grid for hydroacoustics compared to < 1 m2 grab samples), comparison of a continuous analytic tool (hydroacoustic) versus an ordinal ranking of density (rake), and possibly some changes in the macrophytes community between the two sampling dates. Title: Hydroacoustic Survey and Point Sampling of Macrophytes In Diamond Lake 2009 Author: Eilers, Joseph, Eilers, Benn, Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2010 MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc. was contracted to conduct a hydroacoustic survey of macrophyte distribution in Diamond Lake in 2009. The survey essentially repeated surveys conducted in 2002 and 2007, allowing for a detailed assessment of conditions in 2009 and comparisons among previous years. In addition, Portland State University was contracted to conduct a depth stratified random point sample survey of macrophyte species presence and absence. The point sample survey was similar to surveys conducted in 2005 and 2007. The results of the 2009 hydroacoustic survey showed that macrophytes were widely distributed throughout the lake at depths less than 8 meters, although some shorter aggregations of macrophytes were found at depths down to 14 meters. Average canopy height corresponded closely to macrophyte density in 2009. The recent survey showed that macrophytes had extended deeper throughout the lake compared to 2002 and 2007 and that canopy height had increased substantially in some locations. The 2009 distribution showed that recolonization of the near shore areas was proceeding, albeit at a relatively slow pace since the lake drawdown completed in 2006. The maximum density of macrophytes in 2009 was found between 4 to 6 meters. Five macrophyte species, one macroalgal species, and filamentous algae were present in the 2009 random point survey. The occurrence rates of the macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Potamogeton praelongus in 2009 were similar to 2005 and 2007 while Potamogeton pusillus occurrence increased and Myriophyllum verticillatum decreased. Macrophytes were present in a few samples greater than 9 meters; however, biomass, as measured by the fullness of a sampling rake, was highest between 2 and 6 meters. The comparison of the grab sampling conducted in August with the hydroacoustic survey in early September showed poor correspondence in macrophyte density obtained by the two methods. This is likely due to differences in spatial scales of collected samples (10 m2 grid for hydroacoustics compared to < 1 m2 grab samples), comparison of a continuous analytic tool (hydroacoustic) versus an ordinal ranking of density (rake), and possibly some changes in the macrophytes community between the two sampling dates. Close

• 14. [Article] 2005 Diamond Lake Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Survey

  Diamond Lake is a large natural lake having a surface area of some 3214 acres (1300.7 hectares) and a maximum depth of 52 feet (15.8 meters). It is located within the Umpqua National Forest in the Southern ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2005 Diamond Lake Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Survey Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Pfauth, Mary Year: 2006 Diamond Lake is a large natural lake having a surface area of some 3214 acres (1300.7 hectares) and a maximum depth of 52 feet (15.8 meters). It is located within the Umpqua National Forest in the Southern Cascade Mountains of Oregon, at an elevation of over 5000 feet (>1524 meters). Diamond Lake is a high-use waterbody that supports angling, public campgrounds, recreational boating, swimming, and water skiing. The human activity associated with the lake has been a significant contributor to the economy of southern Oregon since the early part of the twentieth century. Historically Diamond Lake was fishless but since 1910 the lake has been managed as a popular trophy trout fishery. The unauthorized introduction of the tui chub (Gila bicolor) into the lake in the 1930s caused disruption of the food web and a decline in the fishery. In 1954, the Oregon Game Commission constructed a canal near the Lake Creek outlet, lowered the lake level, and treated Diamond Lake with rotenone, to eradicate tui chub. The lake was restocked with trout following the successful rotenone treatment and a fishery was maintained for several decades. In 1992, tui chub were reintroduced, through accidental introduction or intentional illegal stocking, and again caused a decline in the trout fishery. Originally mesotrophic, Diamond Lake Diamond Lake productivity increased over the last century to a eutrophic state, and is currently included on the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) 303(d) list of water quality limited water bodies for pH and algae. The lake had severe blooms of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Anabaena flos-aquae, which produce neurotoxins, in the summers of 2001, 2002, and 2003. Microcystis aeruginosa, another toxin producing cyanobacterium species, was also present in the 2003 bloom. Diamond Lake was closed to some public uses (wading, swimming, water skiing, and boating) during portions of all three summers due to public health and safety concerns. Algae blooms and declining trout fishery have been attributed to alteration of the food web by the tui chubs. The chubs spawn early and consume the zooplankton in the lake, which reduces grazing pressure on phytoplankton. Since the lake is nitrogen limited, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria dominate the phytoplankton community. Therefore, the chubs reduce the quality of the trout fishery by reducing food available for trout and impact water quality by facilitating cyanobacteria blooms, which can be toxic. In response to the impact of the tui chub on Diamond Lake the US Forest Service and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife are collaborating in a tui chub eradication effort. The eradication plan includes a 2.4-m (8 ft) drawdown of the lake in the winter and spring of 2006 and a rotenone treatment of remaining lake volume in 2006 to kill any remaining fish. The US Forest Service prepared an EIS for the drawdown and rotenone treatment. Potential impacts of the drawdown on littoral aquatic plant communities were identified in the EIS. The US Forest Service conducted a qualitative survey to develop a species list for the lake. The survey described here provides a quantitative, pretreatment measure of cover and biomass of aquatic plants in Diamond Lake. Follow-up sampling, using similar methods, will permit assessment of changes in the plant community following drawdown and refilling of the lake. Title: 2005 Diamond Lake Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Survey Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Pfauth, Mary Year: 2006 Diamond Lake is a large natural lake having a surface area of some 3214 acres (1300.7 hectares) and a maximum depth of 52 feet (15.8 meters). It is located within the Umpqua National Forest in the Southern Cascade Mountains of Oregon, at an elevation of over 5000 feet (>1524 meters). Diamond Lake is a high-use waterbody that supports angling, public campgrounds, recreational boating, swimming, and water skiing. The human activity associated with the lake has been a significant contributor to the economy of southern Oregon since the early part of the twentieth century. Historically Diamond Lake was fishless but since 1910 the lake has been managed as a popular trophy trout fishery. The unauthorized introduction of the tui chub (Gila bicolor) into the lake in the 1930s caused disruption of the food web and a decline in the fishery. In 1954, the Oregon Game Commission constructed a canal near the Lake Creek outlet, lowered the lake level, and treated Diamond Lake with rotenone, to eradicate tui chub. The lake was restocked with trout following the successful rotenone treatment and a fishery was maintained for several decades. In 1992, tui chub were reintroduced, through accidental introduction or intentional illegal stocking, and again caused a decline in the trout fishery. Originally mesotrophic, Diamond Lake Diamond Lake productivity increased over the last century to a eutrophic state, and is currently included on the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) 303(d) list of water quality limited water bodies for pH and algae. The lake had severe blooms of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Anabaena flos-aquae, which produce neurotoxins, in the summers of 2001, 2002, and 2003. Microcystis aeruginosa, another toxin producing cyanobacterium species, was also present in the 2003 bloom. Diamond Lake was closed to some public uses (wading, swimming, water skiing, and boating) during portions of all three summers due to public health and safety concerns. Algae blooms and declining trout fishery have been attributed to alteration of the food web by the tui chubs. The chubs spawn early and consume the zooplankton in the lake, which reduces grazing pressure on phytoplankton. Since the lake is nitrogen limited, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria dominate the phytoplankton community. Therefore, the chubs reduce the quality of the trout fishery by reducing food available for trout and impact water quality by facilitating cyanobacteria blooms, which can be toxic. In response to the impact of the tui chub on Diamond Lake the US Forest Service and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife are collaborating in a tui chub eradication effort. The eradication plan includes a 2.4-m (8 ft) drawdown of the lake in the winter and spring of 2006 and a rotenone treatment of remaining lake volume in 2006 to kill any remaining fish. The US Forest Service prepared an EIS for the drawdown and rotenone treatment. Potential impacts of the drawdown on littoral aquatic plant communities were identified in the EIS. The US Forest Service conducted a qualitative survey to develop a species list for the lake. The survey described here provides a quantitative, pretreatment measure of cover and biomass of aquatic plants in Diamond Lake. Follow-up sampling, using similar methods, will permit assessment of changes in the plant community following drawdown and refilling of the lake. Close

• 15. [Article] Survey of Aquatic Plants in Corps of Engineers Reservoirs

  A survey of aquatic plants in a selected Corps of Engineers reservoirs in Oregon was conducted. Cottage Grove, Dorena, Fern Ridge, Dexter and Willow Creek Reservoirs contained abundant aquatic plants. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of Aquatic Plants in Corps of Engineers Reservoirs Author: Walker, Kimberly D., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2000 A survey of aquatic plants in a selected Corps of Engineers reservoirs in Oregon was conducted. Cottage Grove, Dorena, Fern Ridge, Dexter and Willow Creek Reservoirs contained abundant aquatic plants. Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton epihydrous were the most common native plant species. Myriophyllum aquaticum and Potamogeton crispus were the most widespread nonnative plants. Species richness in the reservoirs was correlated with trophic status and basin morphology. Shallow reservoirs that included extensive areas of nutrient-rich sediments that were historic flood plain soils supported the greatest biomass and number of species. Mesotrophic reservoirs had lower species diversity. Oligotrophic reservoirs with steep basin morphology, nutrient-poor sediments, and large water level fluctuation did not support aquatic vascular plant populations. An aquatic plant management program should be developed for the reservoirs. The program should focus on preventing introduction and spread of invasive aquatic plants and on rapid response procedures for new infestations. Those reservoirs that currently support aquatic macrophyte communities may be most susceptible to invasion and rapid spread of new introductions, however, even reservoirs that are currently free of aquatic plants may be invaded. Early detection is critical to effective implementation of rapid response procedures for invasive aquatic plant control. Annual survey of the most productive reservoirs is recommended to document introduction of new species. Plant community composition changes during the growing season, and multiple surveys during the growing season are preferred over one-time visits. Management of established populations of invasive species in the reservoirs will be difficult. Where invasive plant abundance is limited in area and number management activities may be implemented to slow dispersal and perhaps eradicate the plants. Integrated pest management procedures should be followed to ensure effective and economical aquatic plant control. Title: Survey of Aquatic Plants in Corps of Engineers Reservoirs Author: Walker, Kimberly D., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2000 A survey of aquatic plants in a selected Corps of Engineers reservoirs in Oregon was conducted. Cottage Grove, Dorena, Fern Ridge, Dexter and Willow Creek Reservoirs contained abundant aquatic plants. Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton epihydrous were the most common native plant species. Myriophyllum aquaticum and Potamogeton crispus were the most widespread nonnative plants. Species richness in the reservoirs was correlated with trophic status and basin morphology. Shallow reservoirs that included extensive areas of nutrient-rich sediments that were historic flood plain soils supported the greatest biomass and number of species. Mesotrophic reservoirs had lower species diversity. Oligotrophic reservoirs with steep basin morphology, nutrient-poor sediments, and large water level fluctuation did not support aquatic vascular plant populations. An aquatic plant management program should be developed for the reservoirs. The program should focus on preventing introduction and spread of invasive aquatic plants and on rapid response procedures for new infestations. Those reservoirs that currently support aquatic macrophyte communities may be most susceptible to invasion and rapid spread of new introductions, however, even reservoirs that are currently free of aquatic plants may be invaded. Early detection is critical to effective implementation of rapid response procedures for invasive aquatic plant control. Annual survey of the most productive reservoirs is recommended to document introduction of new species. Plant community composition changes during the growing season, and multiple surveys during the growing season are preferred over one-time visits. Management of established populations of invasive species in the reservoirs will be difficult. Where invasive plant abundance is limited in area and number management activities may be implemented to slow dispersal and perhaps eradicate the plants. Integrated pest management procedures should be followed to ensure effective and economical aquatic plant control. Close

• 16. [Article] Zebra and Quagga Mussel Early-Detection Monitoring in High Risk Oregon Waters 2014

  Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis, respectively) were not detected by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Portland State University (PSU) during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Zebra and Quagga Mussel Early-Detection Monitoring in High Risk Oregon Waters 2014 Author: Wells, Steve W., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2015 Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis, respectively) were not detected by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Portland State University (PSU) during their early detection sampling in Oregon water bodies during 2014. Six high-risk Oregon water bodies were sampled for planktonic larvae and adult mussels during the August to September period. A total of 37 plankton samples were collected and over 520,000 liters of reservoir/lake water were filtered through 64-μm mesh nets during plankton sample collection. The greatest sampling effort occurred in Emigrant Lake, Lake Billy Chinook, and Prineville Reservoir but sampling also occurred in Howard Prairie Lake, Upper Klamath Lake, and Applegate Reservoir. Non-native invertebrates and macrophytes were opportunistically collected during Dreissena sampling in 2014. Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) adults were collected in Upper Klamath Lake. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snails) were collected in Lake Billy Chinook. Potamogeton crispus (curly leaf pondweed) was collected in Emigrant Lake, Howard Prairie Lake, Lake Billy Chinook, and Upper Klamath Lake. To the authors’ knowledge, the C. fluminea in Upper Klamath Lake represents the first reported detection for these species in this location. Title: Zebra and Quagga Mussel Early-Detection Monitoring in High Risk Oregon Waters 2014 Author: Wells, Steve W., Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2015 Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis, respectively) were not detected by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Portland State University (PSU) during their early detection sampling in Oregon water bodies during 2014. Six high-risk Oregon water bodies were sampled for planktonic larvae and adult mussels during the August to September period. A total of 37 plankton samples were collected and over 520,000 liters of reservoir/lake water were filtered through 64-μm mesh nets during plankton sample collection. The greatest sampling effort occurred in Emigrant Lake, Lake Billy Chinook, and Prineville Reservoir but sampling also occurred in Howard Prairie Lake, Upper Klamath Lake, and Applegate Reservoir. Non-native invertebrates and macrophytes were opportunistically collected during Dreissena sampling in 2014. Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) adults were collected in Upper Klamath Lake. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snails) were collected in Lake Billy Chinook. Potamogeton crispus (curly leaf pondweed) was collected in Emigrant Lake, Howard Prairie Lake, Lake Billy Chinook, and Upper Klamath Lake. To the authors’ knowledge, the C. fluminea in Upper Klamath Lake represents the first reported detection for these species in this location. Close

• 17. [Article] Waldo Lake Research in 2003

  This report summarizes the first year of an effort to develop a more complete understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that drive the ecological processes of Waldo Lake. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Waldo Lake Research in 2003 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Rueter, John, Petersen, Richard, Koch, Roy, Wells, Scott A., Miller, Rich, Johnson, Laura, Annear, Robert Leslie Year: 2004 This report summarizes the first year of an effort to develop a more complete understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that drive the ecological processes of Waldo Lake. Modern limnology recognizes the importance of watershed processes as well as in- lake processes in lake ecosystem functioning. Therefore, the approach included consideration of watershed hydrology and forcing functions that determine hydrodynamics of the system as well physical and chemical factors that may be important in regulating primary production in the lake. Data collected since 1998 was summarized and bathymetry of the basin was mapped using state-of-the-art digital depth sounding and GPS technology. A hypothesis that UV light may play an important role in regulating phytoplankton efficiency was examined in an effort to move toward more hypothesis-driven investigations to elucidate the factors controlling productivity. A Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan was developed to guide data collection for long-term monitoring of the lake. Lastly, initial steps were made in the development of a model of lake hydrodynamics and primary production to aid in integration of the physical, chemical, and biological data that has been collected on the lake. Title: Waldo Lake Research in 2003 Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Rueter, John, Petersen, Richard, Koch, Roy, Wells, Scott A., Miller, Rich, Johnson, Laura, Annear, Robert Leslie Year: 2004 This report summarizes the first year of an effort to develop a more complete understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that drive the ecological processes of Waldo Lake. Modern limnology recognizes the importance of watershed processes as well as in- lake processes in lake ecosystem functioning. Therefore, the approach included consideration of watershed hydrology and forcing functions that determine hydrodynamics of the system as well physical and chemical factors that may be important in regulating primary production in the lake. Data collected since 1998 was summarized and bathymetry of the basin was mapped using state-of-the-art digital depth sounding and GPS technology. A hypothesis that UV light may play an important role in regulating phytoplankton efficiency was examined in an effort to move toward more hypothesis-driven investigations to elucidate the factors controlling productivity. A Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan was developed to guide data collection for long-term monitoring of the lake. Lastly, initial steps were made in the development of a model of lake hydrodynamics and primary production to aid in integration of the physical, chemical, and biological data that has been collected on the lake. Close

• 18. [Article] Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Spartina Densiflora (Poaceae) Along a Broad Latitudinal Gradient on the Pacific Coast of North America

  • Premise of the study: Phenotypic acclimation of individual plants and genetic differentiation by natural selection within invasive populations are two potential mechanisms that may confer fitness advantages ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Spartina Densiflora (Poaceae) Along a Broad Latitudinal Gradient on the Pacific Coast of North America Author: Castillo, Jesus M., Grewall, Brenda J., Pickart, Andrea, Bortolus, Alejandro, Pena, Carlos, Figueroa, Enrique, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 • Premise of the study: Phenotypic acclimation of individual plants and genetic differentiation by natural selection within invasive populations are two potential mechanisms that may confer fitness advantages and allow plants to cope with environmental variation. The invasion of Spartina densiflora across a wide latitudinal gradient from California (USA) to British Columbia (Canada) provides a natural model system to study the potential mechanisms underlying the response of invasive populations to substantial variation in climate and other environmental variables. • Methods: We examined morphological and physiological leaf traits of Spartina densiflora plants in populations from invaded estuarine sites across broad latitudinal and climate gradients along the Pacific west coast of North America and in favorable conditions in a common garden experiment. • Key results: Our results show that key foliar traits varied widely among populations. Most foliar traits measured in the field were lower than would be expected under ideal growing conditions. Photosynthetic pigment concentrations at higher latitudes were lower than those observed at lower latitudes. Greater leaf rolling, reduced leaf lengths, and lower chlorophyll and higher carbon concentrations were observed with anoxic sediments. Lower chlorophyll to carotenoids ratios and reduced nitrogen concentrations were correlated with sediment salinity. Our results suggest that the variations of foliar traits recorded in the field are a plastic phenotypic response that was not sustained under common garden conditions. • Conclusions: Spartina densiflora shows wide differences in its foliar traits in response to environmental heterogeneity in salt marshes, which appears to be the result of phenotypic plasticity rather than genetic differentiation. Title: Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Spartina Densiflora (Poaceae) Along a Broad Latitudinal Gradient on the Pacific Coast of North America Author: Castillo, Jesus M., Grewall, Brenda J., Pickart, Andrea, Bortolus, Alejandro, Pena, Carlos, Figueroa, Enrique, Sytsma, Mark D. Year: 2014 • Premise of the study: Phenotypic acclimation of individual plants and genetic differentiation by natural selection within invasive populations are two potential mechanisms that may confer fitness advantages and allow plants to cope with environmental variation. The invasion of Spartina densiflora across a wide latitudinal gradient from California (USA) to British Columbia (Canada) provides a natural model system to study the potential mechanisms underlying the response of invasive populations to substantial variation in climate and other environmental variables. • Methods: We examined morphological and physiological leaf traits of Spartina densiflora plants in populations from invaded estuarine sites across broad latitudinal and climate gradients along the Pacific west coast of North America and in favorable conditions in a common garden experiment. • Key results: Our results show that key foliar traits varied widely among populations. Most foliar traits measured in the field were lower than would be expected under ideal growing conditions. Photosynthetic pigment concentrations at higher latitudes were lower than those observed at lower latitudes. Greater leaf rolling, reduced leaf lengths, and lower chlorophyll and higher carbon concentrations were observed with anoxic sediments. Lower chlorophyll to carotenoids ratios and reduced nitrogen concentrations were correlated with sediment salinity. Our results suggest that the variations of foliar traits recorded in the field are a plastic phenotypic response that was not sustained under common garden conditions. • Conclusions: Spartina densiflora shows wide differences in its foliar traits in response to environmental heterogeneity in salt marshes, which appears to be the result of phenotypic plasticity rather than genetic differentiation. Close

• 19. [Article] GC/MS Analysis of Some Extractives from <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>

  Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an invasive weed that causes serious issues for rivers, lakes, and other reservoirs around the world, although it can be an excellent source for bioactive compounds ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: GC/MS Analysis of Some Extractives from <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> Author: Fileto-Pérez, Héctor A., Rutiaga-Quiñones, O. Miriam, Sytsma, Mark D., Lorne, Isabelle M., Luo, Wentai, Pankow, James F., Rutiaga-Quiñones, José G. Year: 2015 Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an invasive weed that causes serious issues for rivers, lakes, and other reservoirs around the world, although it can be an excellent source for bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and some steroids found in many plants. In this study, water hyacinth samples from both Durango and Distrito Federal in Mexico were collected. Ascendant extracts (cyclohexane, hexane, acetone, and methanol) from their leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed. Using boron trifluoride (similar to 10% [similar to 1.3 M] in 1-butanol), all extracts were derivatized. Twenty-four derivatized samples were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Twenty carboxylic acids were found, as well as squalene, which was found in nine extract samples: four cyclohexane extracts, one hexane extract, three acetone extracts, and two methanol extracts. A compound not reported before, beta-stigmasterol, was identified on three hexane extracts, an acetone extract, and a methalonic extract. Spirostane in acetone root extract and cholestane in cyclohexane stem-leaf extract were also identified. Title: GC/MS Analysis of Some Extractives from <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> Author: Fileto-Pérez, Héctor A., Rutiaga-Quiñones, O. Miriam, Sytsma, Mark D., Lorne, Isabelle M., Luo, Wentai, Pankow, James F., Rutiaga-Quiñones, José G. Year: 2015 Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an invasive weed that causes serious issues for rivers, lakes, and other reservoirs around the world, although it can be an excellent source for bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and some steroids found in many plants. In this study, water hyacinth samples from both Durango and Distrito Federal in Mexico were collected. Ascendant extracts (cyclohexane, hexane, acetone, and methanol) from their leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed. Using boron trifluoride (similar to 10% [similar to 1.3 M] in 1-butanol), all extracts were derivatized. Twenty-four derivatized samples were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Twenty carboxylic acids were found, as well as squalene, which was found in nine extract samples: four cyclohexane extracts, one hexane extract, three acetone extracts, and two methanol extracts. A compound not reported before, beta-stigmasterol, was identified on three hexane extracts, an acetone extract, and a methalonic extract. Spirostane in acetone root extract and cholestane in cyclohexane stem-leaf extract were also identified. Close

• 20. [Article] Oregon's Fish and Wildlife in a Changing Climate

  Chapter 7 in: The Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report Oregon's fish and wildlife include animals on land, fish and other species in rivers and lakes, and various kinds of sea life in estuaries and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon's Fish and Wildlife in a Changing Climate Author: Hixon, Mark A., Gregory, Stanley V., Robinson, W. Douglas, Baker, C. Scott, Batchelder, Harold P., Epps, Clinton, Garcia, Tiffany S., Haig, Susan M., Letelier, Ricardo M., Lytle, David A., Menge, Bruce A., Miller, Jeffery C., Noakes, David L.G., Peterson, William T., Rice, James M., Rumrill, Steven S., Schreck, Carl B., Suryan, Robert M., Sytsma, Mark D., White, Angelicque E. Year: 2010 Chapter 7 in: The Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report Oregon's fish and wildlife include animals on land, fish and other species in rivers and lakes, and various kinds of sea life in estuaries and coastal ocean. Oregon is one of the most ecologically diverse states in the country. The state’s robust biodiversity, some of which is already threatened or endangered -- inhabits complex and dynamic ecosystems that we have only begun to understand, let alone examine in terms of climate change.It is clear that the abundance and distribution of species are shifting already and will shift more rapidly as habitats on land, in freshwater, and in the sea are altered due to increasing temperatures and related environmental changes. It remains to be seen if past changes are all tied to global climate change or if they are a result of some other variability, but they represent a proxy for how species may shift in a warmer climate. Among the observed species changes: Insects are moving in from the south of Oregon, frogs are reproducing earlier in the year and land birds are shifting their distributions northward and migrating earlier. Freshwater fish are losing their cool-water habitats. In the marine environment, algal blooms have increased (figure 11) and the highly predatory Humboldt squid have shifted their distribution from subtropical and tropical regions, making an appearance off the coast of Oregon in the last few years. In a warmer climate, plant and animal species may have to shift upward or northward on land or deeper at sea for survival. Rare or endangered species may become less abundant or extinct; insect pests, invasive species and harmful algal blooms may become more abundant. Declines in the abundance of species may be caused directly by physiological stress related to changes in temperature, water availability, and other environmental shifts, and/or indirectly by habitat degradation and negative interactions with species that are benefited by climate change (diseases, parasites, predators, and competitors). Understanding the responses of Oregon’s fish and wildlife to climate change will require a better understanding of smaller organisms and insects and ocean species. Knowledge of ecological interactions will be crucial for understanding the related effects of climate change (increased predation or competition, for example). Management and natural resource polices that protect intact ecosystems are a tool for adaptation; native species can live and migrate to these safe refugia. Title: Oregon's Fish and Wildlife in a Changing Climate Author: Hixon, Mark A., Gregory, Stanley V., Robinson, W. Douglas, Baker, C. Scott, Batchelder, Harold P., Epps, Clinton, Garcia, Tiffany S., Haig, Susan M., Letelier, Ricardo M., Lytle, David A., Menge, Bruce A., Miller, Jeffery C., Noakes, David L.G., Peterson, William T., Rice, James M., Rumrill, Steven S., Schreck, Carl B., Suryan, Robert M., Sytsma, Mark D., White, Angelicque E. Year: 2010 Chapter 7 in: The Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report Oregon's fish and wildlife include animals on land, fish and other species in rivers and lakes, and various kinds of sea life in estuaries and coastal ocean. Oregon is one of the most ecologically diverse states in the country. The state’s robust biodiversity, some of which is already threatened or endangered -- inhabits complex and dynamic ecosystems that we have only begun to understand, let alone examine in terms of climate change.It is clear that the abundance and distribution of species are shifting already and will shift more rapidly as habitats on land, in freshwater, and in the sea are altered due to increasing temperatures and related environmental changes. It remains to be seen if past changes are all tied to global climate change or if they are a result of some other variability, but they represent a proxy for how species may shift in a warmer climate. Among the observed species changes: Insects are moving in from the south of Oregon, frogs are reproducing earlier in the year and land birds are shifting their distributions northward and migrating earlier. Freshwater fish are losing their cool-water habitats. In the marine environment, algal blooms have increased (figure 11) and the highly predatory Humboldt squid have shifted their distribution from subtropical and tropical regions, making an appearance off the coast of Oregon in the last few years. In a warmer climate, plant and animal species may have to shift upward or northward on land or deeper at sea for survival. Rare or endangered species may become less abundant or extinct; insect pests, invasive species and harmful algal blooms may become more abundant. Declines in the abundance of species may be caused directly by physiological stress related to changes in temperature, water availability, and other environmental shifts, and/or indirectly by habitat degradation and negative interactions with species that are benefited by climate change (diseases, parasites, predators, and competitors). Understanding the responses of Oregon’s fish and wildlife to climate change will require a better understanding of smaller organisms and insects and ocean species. Knowledge of ecological interactions will be crucial for understanding the related effects of climate change (increased predation or competition, for example). Management and natural resource polices that protect intact ecosystems are a tool for adaptation; native species can live and migrate to these safe refugia. Close

• 21. [Article] Siltcoos Lake Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant: Water Quality Conditions and Nutrient Sources

  Siltcoos Lake is a large (1280 hectares), shallow (mean depth 3.3 m; maximum depth 6.7 m) lake located on the Central Oregon Coast, just south of Florence and bordered by Dunes City, Oregon. The outflow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Siltcoos Lake Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant: Water Quality Conditions and Nutrient Sources Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2010 Siltcoos Lake is a large (1280 hectares), shallow (mean depth 3.3 m; maximum depth 6.7 m) lake located on the Central Oregon Coast, just south of Florence and bordered by Dunes City, Oregon. The outflow and water level of Siltcoos Lake is regulated by a dam on the Siltcoos River 4 km upstream from the Pacific. Several permanent streams feed the lake from its 176 square kilometer watershed including Fiddle Creek, Maple Creek, and Woahink Creek, the outflow from Woahink Lake. Much of the watershed is forested and used for timber harvest, residential development, and limited agricultural production. The lake is popular for recreational activities, particularly fishing for wild coastal Coho salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, largemouth bass, bluegill, crappie, and yellow perch (Buckman 2004). The lake is also the domestic drinking water source for approximately 125 of the 1330 residents of Dunes City and numerous residents outside the city limits within Lane and Douglas Counties (LCOG 2002). During the fall of 2007 a dense bloom of the potentially toxigenic blue-green algal species Anabaena planktonica prompted Dunes City, the South Coast Water District, the Lane County Health Department, and the Oregon Department of Human Services to issue an advisory against usage of Siltcoos Lake water for drinking and other domestic use (DHS 2007). Residents dependent upon Siltcoos Lake were forced to find alternate domestic water sources for a total of 52 days. This incident was part of a long history of water quality problems including dense algal growth and excessive growth of the non-native aquatic macrophytes Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), parrotsfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), and two-leaf water milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) (Pfauth and Sytsma 2005; Johnson et al. 1985; McHugh 1979). Because of the water quality problems, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) placed the lake the 303(d) list of impaired water bodies; specifically due to violations of the “aquatic weeds and algae” water quality criterion (DEQ 1998; DEQ 2006). Dunes City has acted on water quality concerns for both Siltcoos and Woahink Lakes by issuing a temporary building moratorium (Dunes City 2006a), a septic tank maintenance ordinance (Dunes City 2006b), and an ordinance limiting phosphorus use (Dunes City 2007). Preliminary assessments (Johnson, et al. 1985, LCOG 2002) indicate multiple sources of water quality problems including excess nutrient and/or sediment loading from residential development, poorly functioning on-site septic systems, private forestry and agricultural practices and introductions of non-native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes data collected by Portland State University and project partners between June 2008 and May 2009 to better define water quality conditions within the lake as well as potential nutrient sources. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected at lake and tributary sites over the one year period. Data were evaluated across sites, depth and the season. The information collected will contribute to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development for the Midcoast Lakes and can be used to identify and prioritize restoration activities in the Siltcoos Lake watershed. Title: Siltcoos Lake Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant: Water Quality Conditions and Nutrient Sources Author: Sytsma, Mark D., Miller, Rich Year: 2010 Siltcoos Lake is a large (1280 hectares), shallow (mean depth 3.3 m; maximum depth 6.7 m) lake located on the Central Oregon Coast, just south of Florence and bordered by Dunes City, Oregon. The outflow and water level of Siltcoos Lake is regulated by a dam on the Siltcoos River 4 km upstream from the Pacific. Several permanent streams feed the lake from its 176 square kilometer watershed including Fiddle Creek, Maple Creek, and Woahink Creek, the outflow from Woahink Lake. Much of the watershed is forested and used for timber harvest, residential development, and limited agricultural production. The lake is popular for recreational activities, particularly fishing for wild coastal Coho salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, largemouth bass, bluegill, crappie, and yellow perch (Buckman 2004). The lake is also the domestic drinking water source for approximately 125 of the 1330 residents of Dunes City and numerous residents outside the city limits within Lane and Douglas Counties (LCOG 2002). During the fall of 2007 a dense bloom of the potentially toxigenic blue-green algal species Anabaena planktonica prompted Dunes City, the South Coast Water District, the Lane County Health Department, and the Oregon Department of Human Services to issue an advisory against usage of Siltcoos Lake water for drinking and other domestic use (DHS 2007). Residents dependent upon Siltcoos Lake were forced to find alternate domestic water sources for a total of 52 days. This incident was part of a long history of water quality problems including dense algal growth and excessive growth of the non-native aquatic macrophytes Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), parrotsfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), and two-leaf water milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) (Pfauth and Sytsma 2005; Johnson et al. 1985; McHugh 1979). Because of the water quality problems, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) placed the lake the 303(d) list of impaired water bodies; specifically due to violations of the “aquatic weeds and algae” water quality criterion (DEQ 1998; DEQ 2006). Dunes City has acted on water quality concerns for both Siltcoos and Woahink Lakes by issuing a temporary building moratorium (Dunes City 2006a), a septic tank maintenance ordinance (Dunes City 2006b), and an ordinance limiting phosphorus use (Dunes City 2007). Preliminary assessments (Johnson, et al. 1985, LCOG 2002) indicate multiple sources of water quality problems including excess nutrient and/or sediment loading from residential development, poorly functioning on-site septic systems, private forestry and agricultural practices and introductions of non-native aquatic plant species. This report summarizes data collected by Portland State University and project partners between June 2008 and May 2009 to better define water quality conditions within the lake as well as potential nutrient sources. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected at lake and tributary sites over the one year period. Data were evaluated across sites, depth and the season. The information collected will contribute to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development for the Midcoast Lakes and can be used to identify and prioritize restoration activities in the Siltcoos Lake watershed. Close