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• 1. [Article] Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear?

  Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear? Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Dupont, Diane P., Kirkley, James Year: 2001 Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper examines how a change in the property rights regime can affect a multi-product industry and the consequences of these changes in terms of product-specific capacity utilization, as well as aggregate capacity utilization. The results provide insights to regulators interested in using market-based approaches to improve efficiency in multi-product industries. Title: Privatization and Regulation of Capacity in a Multi-product Fishery: A Purse from a Sow's Ear? Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Dupont, Diane P., Kirkley, James Year: 2001 Using individual firm data from before and after the introduction of ITQs in the multi-species Nova Scotia mobile gear fishery, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to examine issues relating to capacity and capacity utilization. The paper examines how a change in the property rights regime can affect a multi-product industry and the consequences of these changes in terms of product-specific capacity utilization, as well as aggregate capacity utilization. The results provide insights to regulators interested in using market-based approaches to improve efficiency in multi-product industries. Close

• 2. [Article] Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited

  The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited Author: Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James L., Fare, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna Year: 2001 The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, a need to reduce harvesting capacity throughout many of the fisheries of the world. Yet, even the term capacity is not well defined, and it is even more complicated to measure. In this paper, we introduce several definitions and measures of capacity that are consistent with economic theory and empirical analyses. Since economic data on production activities are usually unavailable, we introduce the concept of data envelopment analysis (DEA) which may be used to calculate a physical or primal-based concept of capacity in fisheries. We initially introduce DEA and dispel many of the myths believed to be problems of DEA. We discuss how DEA may be used to calculate capacity in single and multiple-species fisheries. We Title: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for Assessing Capacity in Fisheries When Data are Limited Author: Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James L., Fare, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna Year: 2001 The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Management require restoration of fishery resources and a matching of capacity to desired resource levels. There is, thus, a need to reduce harvesting capacity throughout many of the fisheries of the world. Yet, even the term capacity is not well defined, and it is even more complicated to measure. In this paper, we introduce several definitions and measures of capacity that are consistent with economic theory and empirical analyses. Since economic data on production activities are usually unavailable, we introduce the concept of data envelopment analysis (DEA) which may be used to calculate a physical or primal-based concept of capacity in fisheries. We initially introduce DEA and dispel many of the myths believed to be problems of DEA. We discuss how DEA may be used to calculate capacity in single and multiple-species fisheries. We Close

• 3. [Article] Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation

  Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation Author: Kerstens, Kristiaan, Squires, Dale, Grosskopf, Shawna, Fare, Rolf, Kirkley, James E. Year: 2001 Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action to reduce fishing capacity. Two initial concerns were the acceptance of a workable definition of capacity and the development of methods to calculate capacity. FAO subsequently offered several definitions of capacity. A general definition of capacity is the output level over a given time period that a fishing fleet could expect to catch if the variable inputs are utilized under normal operating conditions given resource levels, technology, and other constraints. Concurrently, however, FAO and representatives of the member nations expressed concerns about reducing capacity at the national level (i.e., a reallocation of capital, labor, and other inputs) and with respect to both the short and long-run. In this paper, we present a possible approach for determining capacity at a more aggregate level than the vessel (e.g., fishery or region) with respect to the short and intermediate-run, and the allocation of fixed and variable inputs across different fisheries and regions. We extend one approach to measuring capacity of a firm to the case of an industry. Based on extensions of this specification, existing capacities are no longer fixed, but may be scaled up or down at will subject to a constant returns to scale technology. This allows for exploring plausible medium-term technological configurations at the industry level. Title: Assessing Short-run and Medium-run Fishing Capacity at the Industry Level and Its Reallocation Author: Kerstens, Kristiaan, Squires, Dale, Grosskopf, Shawna, Fare, Rolf, Kirkley, James E. Year: 2001 Reducing harvesting capacity in fisheries is of international importance. In 1999, member nations of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agreed to an International Plan of Action to reduce fishing capacity. Two initial concerns were the acceptance of a workable definition of capacity and the development of methods to calculate capacity. FAO subsequently offered several definitions of capacity. A general definition of capacity is the output level over a given time period that a fishing fleet could expect to catch if the variable inputs are utilized under normal operating conditions given resource levels, technology, and other constraints. Concurrently, however, FAO and representatives of the member nations expressed concerns about reducing capacity at the national level (i.e., a reallocation of capital, labor, and other inputs) and with respect to both the short and long-run. In this paper, we present a possible approach for determining capacity at a more aggregate level than the vessel (e.g., fishery or region) with respect to the short and intermediate-run, and the allocation of fixed and variable inputs across different fisheries and regions. We extend one approach to measuring capacity of a firm to the case of an industry. Based on extensions of this specification, existing capacities are no longer fixed, but may be scaled up or down at will subject to a constant returns to scale technology. This allows for exploring plausible medium-term technological configurations at the industry level. Close

• 4. [Article] Technical Efficiency and Fishing Skill in Developing Country Fisheries: The Kedah, Malaysia Trawl Fishery

  The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technical Efficiency and Fishing Skill in Developing Country Fisheries: The Kedah, Malaysia Trawl Fishery Author: Viswanathan, K. Kuperan, Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James, Susilowati, Indah, Omar, Ishak Haji, Jeon, Yongil Year: 2001 The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a case study of the trawler fishery in the state of Kedah in Peninsular Malaysia. In the Kedah trawl fishery, skipper characteristics other than ethnicity did not significantly affect technical efficiency and skipper skill. Hence, there does not appear to be any readily observable characteristics pertaining to skipper skill to monitor and regulate. This finding militates against regulating skipper skill to control expansions in fishing capacity that can happen under license limitation. The results indicate that a skipper training program for the least efficient skippers may be called for to meet the objectives of equity and fairness as expressed in the New Economic Policy and its successor, the New Development Plan. Such a training program would also be consistent with one of the initial aims of the license limitation program, which was to promote equity among all ethnic groups in Malaysian society. Title: Technical Efficiency and Fishing Skill in Developing Country Fisheries: The Kedah, Malaysia Trawl Fishery Author: Viswanathan, K. Kuperan, Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James, Susilowati, Indah, Omar, Ishak Haji, Jeon, Yongil Year: 2001 The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a case study of the trawler fishery in the state of Kedah in Peninsular Malaysia. In the Kedah trawl fishery, skipper characteristics other than ethnicity did not significantly affect technical efficiency and skipper skill. Hence, there does not appear to be any readily observable characteristics pertaining to skipper skill to monitor and regulate. This finding militates against regulating skipper skill to control expansions in fishing capacity that can happen under license limitation. The results indicate that a skipper training program for the least efficient skippers may be called for to meet the objectives of equity and fairness as expressed in the New Economic Policy and its successor, the New Development Plan. Such a training program would also be consistent with one of the initial aims of the license limitation program, which was to promote equity among all ethnic groups in Malaysian society. Close

• 5. [Article] A Guide to the Economic Evaluation of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries

  Detailed economic analyses of fisher performance are critical inputs in improving the management of fisheries. The paper provides guidelines about the economic methodologies and the data required to monitor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Guide to the Economic Evaluation of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James, Weninger, Quinn Year: 2001 Detailed economic analyses of fisher performance are critical inputs in improving the management of fisheries. The paper provides guidelines about the economic methodologies and the data required to monitor and assess the performance of individual transferable quota fisheries. In particular, it describes the methods of evaluation that could be applied to examine profitability, competitiveness, efficiency, equity, productivity, output and input interactions, capacity and sustainability of such fisheries. Title: A Guide to the Economic Evaluation of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries Author: Grafton, R. Quentin, Squires, Dale, Kirkley, James, Weninger, Quinn Year: 2001 Detailed economic analyses of fisher performance are critical inputs in improving the management of fisheries. The paper provides guidelines about the economic methodologies and the data required to monitor and assess the performance of individual transferable quota fisheries. In particular, it describes the methods of evaluation that could be applied to examine profitability, competitiveness, efficiency, equity, productivity, output and input interactions, capacity and sustainability of such fisheries. Close

• 6. [Article] Rights Based Management in International Tuna Fisheries

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rights Based Management in International Tuna Fisheries Author: Squires, Dale presentation Title: Rights Based Management in International Tuna Fisheries Author: Squires, Dale presentation Close

• 7. [Article] Positioning Fisheries in a Changing World

  Society has agreed on the goal of sustainable fisheries but achieving the goal is often submerged by more immediate national and international demands causing fisheries to slip down the political agenda ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Positioning Fisheries in a Changing World Author: Grafton, Quentin, Squires, Dale, Williams, Meryl, Ridgeway, Lori Society has agreed on the goal of sustainable fisheries but achieving the goal is often submerged by more immediate national and international demands causing fisheries to slip down the political agenda or diverting attention to other fisheries issues, e.g., profitability under high fuel prices. Among the problems challenging marine capture fisheries are increasing demands for fish, uncertainty from overfishing and illegal fishing, competition for resources among different fisheries gears and methods, degrading and climate-affected ecosystems, depleted fish stocks, economic rent drains and social hardships. Solutions to these challenges, however, are available for some fisheries. Even when solutions are available, the blockages to the transition to sustainable fisheries are information failures, transition costs, use and non-use conflicts and the capacity to implement and enforce management. This paper discusses how fisheries experts can help make the case for the transition to sustainable fisheries, drawing on suitable tools that can overcome the key blockages. Within governments, fisheries should be subject to a whole-of-government approach, as fisheries ministries do not have access to all the tools to achieve a transition to sustainability. Further, transitions to sustainability are not one-off events - constant adjustments are needed to position fisheries to internal and external changes. Title: Positioning Fisheries in a Changing World Author: Grafton, Quentin, Squires, Dale, Williams, Meryl, Ridgeway, Lori Society has agreed on the goal of sustainable fisheries but achieving the goal is often submerged by more immediate national and international demands causing fisheries to slip down the political agenda or diverting attention to other fisheries issues, e.g., profitability under high fuel prices. Among the problems challenging marine capture fisheries are increasing demands for fish, uncertainty from overfishing and illegal fishing, competition for resources among different fisheries gears and methods, degrading and climate-affected ecosystems, depleted fish stocks, economic rent drains and social hardships. Solutions to these challenges, however, are available for some fisheries. Even when solutions are available, the blockages to the transition to sustainable fisheries are information failures, transition costs, use and non-use conflicts and the capacity to implement and enforce management. This paper discusses how fisheries experts can help make the case for the transition to sustainable fisheries, drawing on suitable tools that can overcome the key blockages. Within governments, fisheries should be subject to a whole-of-government approach, as fisheries ministries do not have access to all the tools to achieve a transition to sustainability. Further, transitions to sustainability are not one-off events - constant adjustments are needed to position fisheries to internal and external changes. Close