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• 1. [Article] Some guidelines for planting 2-0 Douglas-fir in Oregon : a preliminary report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Some guidelines for planting 2-0 Douglas-fir in Oregon : a preliminary report Author: Lavender, Denis P., Zaerr, Joe B., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Title: Some guidelines for planting 2-0 Douglas-fir in Oregon : a preliminary report Author: Lavender, Denis P., Zaerr, Joe B., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Close

• 2. [Article] Testing the vigor of coniferous planting stock

  "We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Testing the vigor of coniferous planting stock Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hermann, Richard K. "We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies procera), and western larch (Larix occidentaiis). If done properly, this simple procedure will closely estimate the physiological vigor of planting stock."--P. [1]. Title: Testing the vigor of coniferous planting stock Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hermann, Richard K. "We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies procera), and western larch (Larix occidentaiis). If done properly, this simple procedure will closely estimate the physiological vigor of planting stock."--P. [1]. Close

• 3. [Article] Early growth and drought avoidance in Douglas-fir seedlings

  Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Early growth and drought avoidance in Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Heiner, Terry Charles, 1941-, Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California and southern Oregon. Recent reports on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, by Ferrell and Woodard (1), Pharis and Ferrell (8), and Zavitkovski and Ferrell (11, 12) describe studies that demonstrated differences by seed source of response to drought stress of Douglas-fir seedlings under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Our study was undertaken to determine whether planting stock raised from seed collected from mesic and xeric sites would demonstrate a differential survival under drought stress. And, further, to determine whether such survival differences were correlated with definite seedling parameters. Title: Early growth and drought avoidance in Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Heiner, Terry Charles, 1941-, Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California and southern Oregon. Recent reports on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, by Ferrell and Woodard (1), Pharis and Ferrell (8), and Zavitkovski and Ferrell (11, 12) describe studies that demonstrated differences by seed source of response to drought stress of Douglas-fir seedlings under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Our study was undertaken to determine whether planting stock raised from seed collected from mesic and xeric sites would demonstrate a differential survival under drought stress. And, further, to determine whether such survival differences were correlated with definite seedling parameters. Close

• 4. [Article] Thermoperiods and soil temperatures as they affect growth and dormancy of Douglas-fir seedlings of different geographic origin

  The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thermoperiods and soil temperatures as they affect growth and dormancy of Douglas-fir seedlings of different geographic origin Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Overton, W. Scott The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24 C during the 20 weeks of the study. Little requirement for diurnal fluctuation in temperature was evident. Low soil temperatures greatly reduced growth and hastened dormancy of plants grown under all the thermoperiods tested. The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon the initiation of dormancy in var. menziesii and var. glauca seedlings grown under a 9-hour daily photoperiod also were investigated. Low air temperatures generally postponed initiation of dormancy of var. menziesii seedlings, but warm days and cool nights were most effective in postponing dormancy of var. glauca plants. Soil temperatures had no consistent effect upon the initiation of dormancy under the 9-hour photoperiod. Title: Thermoperiods and soil temperatures as they affect growth and dormancy of Douglas-fir seedlings of different geographic origin Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Overton, W. Scott The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24 C during the 20 weeks of the study. Little requirement for diurnal fluctuation in temperature was evident. Low soil temperatures greatly reduced growth and hastened dormancy of plants grown under all the thermoperiods tested. The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon the initiation of dormancy in var. menziesii and var. glauca seedlings grown under a 9-hour daily photoperiod also were investigated. Low air temperatures generally postponed initiation of dormancy of var. menziesii seedlings, but warm days and cool nights were most effective in postponing dormancy of var. glauca plants. Soil temperatures had no consistent effect upon the initiation of dormancy under the 9-hour photoperiod. Close

• 5. [Article] Lifting and storing western conifer seedlings

  Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not havehigh potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lifting and storing western conifer seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Zaerr, Joe B., Hermann, Richard K., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not havehigh potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more by subsequent cold storage, but storage of seedlings lifted after mid-November does little harm. Root growth is at a peak from January to March, and lifting causes little damage. Cold storage of seedlings lifted when they have high capacity for root growth extends the period of such capability. Storage at 35 F is least damaging. Periods of light during storage benefit survival when planted, but differences in moisture stress caused by storage in closed boxes or in open bundles apparently has no effect. Title: Lifting and storing western conifer seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Zaerr, Joe B., Hermann, Richard K., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not havehigh potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more by subsequent cold storage, but storage of seedlings lifted after mid-November does little harm. Root growth is at a peak from January to March, and lifting causes little damage. Cold storage of seedlings lifted when they have high capacity for root growth extends the period of such capability. Storage at 35 F is least damaging. Periods of light during storage benefit survival when planted, but differences in moisture stress caused by storage in closed boxes or in open bundles apparently has no effect. Close

• 6. [Article] Environment and shoot growth of woody plants

  Perennial woody plants have a complex annual cycle keyed to the environment. Temperate plants have an annual dormant period commonly broken by exposure to low temperatures, although daily photoperiods ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environment and shoot growth of woody plants Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Perennial woody plants have a complex annual cycle keyed to the environment. Temperate plants have an annual dormant period commonly broken by exposure to low temperatures, although daily photoperiods of 16 hours or longer may partially substitute for the chilling. Shoot growth in the spring is normally stimulated by rising air and soil temperatures, with photoperiod playing a minor role, if any. In temperate regions, duration of shoot elongation is controlled primarily by endogenous factors, although moisture stress may be more limiting than generally recognized. Shortening photoperiods are the major stimulation inducing dormancy in arctic regions and, probably, in temperate areas that seldom experience a summer drought. Many angiosperms and coniferous species are characterized by ecotypes that sharply differ in thermoperiod or photoperiod requirements for optimum growth and in chilling necessary to break dormancy. The dormant period is an intergrading series of physiological states, each of which has an optimum environment. Title: Environment and shoot growth of woody plants Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Perennial woody plants have a complex annual cycle keyed to the environment. Temperate plants have an annual dormant period commonly broken by exposure to low temperatures, although daily photoperiods of 16 hours or longer may partially substitute for the chilling. Shoot growth in the spring is normally stimulated by rising air and soil temperatures, with photoperiod playing a minor role, if any. In temperate regions, duration of shoot elongation is controlled primarily by endogenous factors, although moisture stress may be more limiting than generally recognized. Shortening photoperiods are the major stimulation inducing dormancy in arctic regions and, probably, in temperate areas that seldom experience a summer drought. Many angiosperms and coniferous species are characterized by ecotypes that sharply differ in thermoperiod or photoperiod requirements for optimum growth and in chilling necessary to break dormancy. The dormant period is an intergrading series of physiological states, each of which has an optimum environment. Close

• 7. [Article] Foliar analysis and how it is used

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Foliar analysis and how it is used Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Title: Foliar analysis and how it is used Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Close

• 8. [Article] Sonic treatment of Douglas fir and ponderosa pine seeds and seedlings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sonic treatment of Douglas fir and ponderosa pine seeds and seedlings Author: Atherton, George H., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Lavender, Denis P. Title: Sonic treatment of Douglas fir and ponderosa pine seeds and seedlings Author: Atherton, George H., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Lavender, Denis P. Close

• 9. [Article] Date of lifting for survival of Douglas-fir seedlings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Date of lifting for survival of Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Title: Date of lifting for survival of Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Close

• 10. [Article] Size and survival of 2-0 Douglas-fir seedlings

  Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Size and survival of 2-0 Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Zaerr, Joe B. Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been the concern of foresters for many years (3, 6, 7, 8). Recently, Christmas-tree growers in the Pacific Northwest have planted Douglas-fir seedlings extensively and, like foresters, have shown interest in obtaining high survival at minimum cost. They often demand large seedlings. Nurserymen strive to produce adequate numbers of seedlings that meet desired size requirements and that can still be easily lifted, packed, stored, and shipped. A compromise is often made between the size of seedling wanted by foresters and other users and the size of seedling that is easy or even possible for the nurseryman to produce. Seedling size is of considerable interest to nurserymen, foresters, and other users. Foresters offer various reasons for poor survival of outplanted nursery stock, one being that seedlings supplied by nurseries are too small. Christmas-tree growers likewise complain that small seedlings do poorly. Published information both supports and refutes these claims because conditions vary on the plantation sites, and site is an important consideration in determining seedling survival. Although on some sites small seedlings may not survive well, on other sites they may prove satisfactory (1). Nursery conditions, date of lifting, and storage conditions for seedlings further confound the situation. Title: Size and survival of 2-0 Douglas-fir seedlings Author: Lavender, Denis P., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Zaerr, Joe B. Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been the concern of foresters for many years (3, 6, 7, 8). Recently, Christmas-tree growers in the Pacific Northwest have planted Douglas-fir seedlings extensively and, like foresters, have shown interest in obtaining high survival at minimum cost. They often demand large seedlings. Nurserymen strive to produce adequate numbers of seedlings that meet desired size requirements and that can still be easily lifted, packed, stored, and shipped. A compromise is often made between the size of seedling wanted by foresters and other users and the size of seedling that is easy or even possible for the nurseryman to produce. Seedling size is of considerable interest to nurserymen, foresters, and other users. Foresters offer various reasons for poor survival of outplanted nursery stock, one being that seedlings supplied by nurseries are too small. Christmas-tree growers likewise complain that small seedlings do poorly. Published information both supports and refutes these claims because conditions vary on the plantation sites, and site is an important consideration in determining seedling survival. Although on some sites small seedlings may not survive well, on other sites they may prove satisfactory (1). Nursery conditions, date of lifting, and storage conditions for seedlings further confound the situation. Close