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• 1. [Article] Enhanced mortality equations for trees in the mixed conifer zone of Southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting the probability of a tree's dying in the next 5 years are presented for eight conifer and eight hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. A logistic equation form was used to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhanced mortality equations for trees in the mixed conifer zone of Southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the probability of a tree's dying in the next 5 years are presented for eight conifer and eight hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. A logistic equation form was used to characterize the probability of mortality. The parameters of the equation were estimated using weighted, maximum likelihood procedures. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a model for predicting stand development. In particular, the equations extend the previous model to older stands and and stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. Title: Enhanced mortality equations for trees in the mixed conifer zone of Southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the probability of a tree's dying in the next 5 years are presented for eight conifer and eight hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. A logistic equation form was used to characterize the probability of mortality. The parameters of the equation were estimated using weighted, maximum likelihood procedures. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a model for predicting stand development. In particular, the equations extend the previous model to older stands and and stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. Close

• 2. [Article] Predicting height for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for various tree species common to southwest Oregon. Data for damaged and undamaged trees were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predicting height for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for various tree species common to southwest Oregon. Data for damaged and undamaged trees were analyzed with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents and their severity on the height-diameter relationship were explored. Damage correction multipliers were estimated, then used to correct predicted height where damage was noted. Because the relationship between height and diameter changes with the competitive position of the tree in a stand, alternative equations are presented that include the average height and diameter of the 40 largest-diameter undamaged conifer trees per acre. Foresters can use these "height-diameter" equations to reduce the time-consuming task of measuring heights of every tree in an inventory, stand exam, or timber cruise. They can also use these equations to estimate the change in height as diameter changes. These equations will be incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, which extends the model to older stands and stands with a heavier component of hardwood species. Title: Predicting height for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for various tree species common to southwest Oregon. Data for damaged and undamaged trees were analyzed with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents and their severity on the height-diameter relationship were explored. Damage correction multipliers were estimated, then used to correct predicted height where damage was noted. Because the relationship between height and diameter changes with the competitive position of the tree in a stand, alternative equations are presented that include the average height and diameter of the 40 largest-diameter undamaged conifer trees per acre. Foresters can use these "height-diameter" equations to reduce the time-consuming task of measuring heights of every tree in an inventory, stand exam, or timber cruise. They can also use these equations to estimate the change in height as diameter changes. These equations will be incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, which extends the model to older stands and stands with a heavier component of hardwood species. Close

• 3. [Article] Enhanced height-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting the 5-yr height growth rate of a tree are presented for six conifer species from southwest Oregon. Equations for the combination of undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhanced height-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr height growth rate of a tree are presented for six conifer species from southwest Oregon. Equations for the combination of undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and to stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. The effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr height growth rate were explored for Douglas-fir, the most frequently encountered species, and damage correction factors were estimated. The findings of this analysis indicated that damaging agents can have a significant impact upon 5-yr height growth rate, and as a result, they can lead, over time, to diversification in within-stand structure. Therefore, a full characterization of stand development should include the prediction of the presence and frequency of the various damaging agents affecting trees within the stand and their subsequent impact upon tree attributes such as total height, height to crown base, diameter growth rate, height growth rate, and mortality rate. Title: Enhanced height-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr height growth rate of a tree are presented for six conifer species from southwest Oregon. Equations for the combination of undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and to stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. The effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr height growth rate were explored for Douglas-fir, the most frequently encountered species, and damage correction factors were estimated. The findings of this analysis indicated that damaging agents can have a significant impact upon 5-yr height growth rate, and as a result, they can lead, over time, to diversification in within-stand structure. Therefore, a full characterization of stand development should include the prediction of the presence and frequency of the various damaging agents affecting trees within the stand and their subsequent impact upon tree attributes such as total height, height to crown base, diameter growth rate, height growth rate, and mortality rate. Close

• 4. [Article] Predicting height to crown base for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting height to crown base are presented for tree species from southwest Oregon. Equations for undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predicting height to crown base for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Equations for predicting height to crown base are presented for tree species from southwest Oregon. Equations for undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents on the height to crown base were explored, and damage correction factors were estimated. The damage correction factors can be used to correct the predicted crown ratio for specific damaging agents and their severity in samples where damage is noted. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON (ORegon Growth ANalysis and projectiON), a model for predicting the growth of individual trees in forest stands. The equations extend the past model to older stands and stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. Title: Predicting height to crown base for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Equations for predicting height to crown base are presented for tree species from southwest Oregon. Equations for undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents on the height to crown base were explored, and damage correction factors were estimated. The damage correction factors can be used to correct the predicted crown ratio for specific damaging agents and their severity in samples where damage is noted. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON (ORegon Growth ANalysis and projectiON), a model for predicting the growth of individual trees in forest stands. The equations extend the past model to older stands and stands with a heavier component of hardwood tree species. Close

• 5. [Article] Height-diameter equations for six species in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest

  Three equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter (outside bark) at breast height are presented for six species found in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. Foresters can use these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Height-diameter equations for six species in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Three equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter (outside bark) at breast height are presented for six species found in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. Foresters can use these "height–diameter" equations to avoid the time-consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because the relationship between a tree's height and diameter depends on the tree's competitive position within the stand, alternative equations, including the average height and average diameter of the 40 largest-diameter trees/ac, are also presented. These equations are used in the Stand Management Cooperative version of ORGANON. Title: Height-diameter equations for six species in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Three equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter (outside bark) at breast height are presented for six species found in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. Foresters can use these "height–diameter" equations to avoid the time-consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because the relationship between a tree's height and diameter depends on the tree's competitive position within the stand, alternative equations, including the average height and average diameter of the 40 largest-diameter trees/ac, are also presented. These equations are used in the Stand Management Cooperative version of ORGANON. Close

• 6. [Article] Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71% of the variation when validated against an independent data set. These equations are being incorporated into the new edition of ORGANON for southwest Oregon, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and stands with a larger component of hardwood. We explored the effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr diameter-growth rates of the five most frequently encountered species and estimated damage correction factors. Damaging agents can impact 5-yr diameter-growth rate significantly and, as a result, can lead over time to diversification in stand structure. Therefore, full characterization of stand development should include prediction of the presence and frequency of the agents damaging trees within the stand and their impact on tree attributes such as total height, height-to-crown-base, diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate. Title: Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71% of the variation when validated against an independent data set. These equations are being incorporated into the new edition of ORGANON for southwest Oregon, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and stands with a larger component of hardwood. We explored the effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr diameter-growth rates of the five most frequently encountered species and estimated damage correction factors. Damaging agents can impact 5-yr diameter-growth rate significantly and, as a result, can lead over time to diversification in stand structure. Therefore, full characterization of stand development should include prediction of the presence and frequency of the agents damaging trees within the stand and their impact on tree attributes such as total height, height-to-crown-base, diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate. Close

• 7. [Article] Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest

  Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate (PM), and the maximum size-density trajectory for Douglasfir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. With the exception of the HCB equation, the equations developed for predicting trees from untreated plots agreed in predictive behavior with previously published equations for the study area. The HCB equation predicted shorter HCB (and therefore longer crown lengths [CL]) than previously published equations for the study area. Western hemlock showed no response to fertilization. Modifiers for fertilization response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting delta D, delta H, and PM in Douglas-fir. All three modifiers for Douglas-fir predicted an increase in growth and mortality rates with the amount of nitrogen applied and a decrease with number of years since fertilization, with most of the fertilization effect gone within 15 yr of application. For the delta D and delta H modifiers, the size of the increase varied by the site index (SI) of the plot, with plots of lower site quality showing greater increases. For delta D, fertilization response did not appear to vary by plot density, tree size, or tree position within the plot. Modifiers for thinning response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting tree delta D for both species and delta H for Douglas-fir. For both species, the delta D thinning-effects modifier predicted an increased growth rate with the proportion of the BA removed and a decrease with years since thinning; most of the thinning effect was gone within 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the delta H thinning-effects modifier predicted a reduced growth rate immediately after thinning, with the size of the reduction increasing with the intensity of thinning. Most of the reduction was gone by about 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the combined effect on delta D and delta H of applying both thinning and fertilization could be adequately characterized by the product of the thinning modifier and the fertilization modifier. The percent increase in predicted growth rate due to a combined treatment thus was greater than the sum of the percent increases for each treatment alone. Analysis of the maximum size-density trajectory data strongly suggests that plots of neither species approach a single maximum stand density index value (SDI) as they develop. The potential yield for a given site therefore depends, not only on its SI, but also on its maximum SDI. Fertilization does not appear to affect the intercept of the maximum size-density line for Douglas-fir. The strengths and weaknesses of the existing data sets and the modeling and analytical approaches tested during development of these equations are presented to aid future modelers, and alternative modeling approaches are explored. Title: Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate (PM), and the maximum size-density trajectory for Douglasfir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. With the exception of the HCB equation, the equations developed for predicting trees from untreated plots agreed in predictive behavior with previously published equations for the study area. The HCB equation predicted shorter HCB (and therefore longer crown lengths [CL]) than previously published equations for the study area. Western hemlock showed no response to fertilization. Modifiers for fertilization response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting delta D, delta H, and PM in Douglas-fir. All three modifiers for Douglas-fir predicted an increase in growth and mortality rates with the amount of nitrogen applied and a decrease with number of years since fertilization, with most of the fertilization effect gone within 15 yr of application. For the delta D and delta H modifiers, the size of the increase varied by the site index (SI) of the plot, with plots of lower site quality showing greater increases. For delta D, fertilization response did not appear to vary by plot density, tree size, or tree position within the plot. Modifiers for thinning response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting tree delta D for both species and delta H for Douglas-fir. For both species, the delta D thinning-effects modifier predicted an increased growth rate with the proportion of the BA removed and a decrease with years since thinning; most of the thinning effect was gone within 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the delta H thinning-effects modifier predicted a reduced growth rate immediately after thinning, with the size of the reduction increasing with the intensity of thinning. Most of the reduction was gone by about 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the combined effect on delta D and delta H of applying both thinning and fertilization could be adequately characterized by the product of the thinning modifier and the fertilization modifier. The percent increase in predicted growth rate due to a combined treatment thus was greater than the sum of the percent increases for each treatment alone. Analysis of the maximum size-density trajectory data strongly suggests that plots of neither species approach a single maximum stand density index value (SDI) as they develop. The potential yield for a given site therefore depends, not only on its SI, but also on its maximum SDI. Fertilization does not appear to affect the intercept of the maximum size-density line for Douglas-fir. The strengths and weaknesses of the existing data sets and the modeling and analytical approaches tested during development of these equations are presented to aid future modelers, and alternative modeling approaches are explored. Close

• 8. [Article] Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir

  Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. These equations are revisions of the equations constructed in 1995–1997 for the Stand Management Cooperative's (SMC) version of the ORGANON growth-and-yield model, and they have been developed with substantially larger and more comprehensive data sets than were available in 1995–1997. The new ΔD₅ and ΔH₅ equations were validated with an independent data set. The PM₅ equation was evaluated by comparing 100-yr predictions of Reineke's (1933) stand density index to behavior previously reported from measurements taken on long-term research plots. The new ΔD₅, ΔH₅, and PM₅ equations appear to be considerably superior in predictive ability and behavior to the original equations. The effects of the new equations on stand-level predictions were evaluated by comparing the maximum mean annual increments (MAI) in total stem volume (ft³) and associated rotation ages (RA) predicted from the original SMC-ORGANON model to predictions from the revised SMC-ORGANON model. This analysis was done by making 100-yr projections using 170 plots in young stands from the SMC data sets. Some of the ending values for average crown ratio (CR) after 100 yr of projection were near 15%, however, and predictions of basal area (BA) for some of these stands peaked and then declined over stand age. Substituting the HCB equation published by Hann and Hanus in 2004 for predicting crown recession (ΔHCB₅) eliminated the problem with BA peaking over stand age and resulted in somewhat larger average ending CRs. The 100-yr projections were then made again with the 2004 HCB equation of Hann and Hanus. On average, the revised model reduced RA by 2.1 yr (or 4.3%) and maximum MAI by 55.7 ft³/ac/yr (18.9%). Title: Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. These equations are revisions of the equations constructed in 1995–1997 for the Stand Management Cooperative's (SMC) version of the ORGANON growth-and-yield model, and they have been developed with substantially larger and more comprehensive data sets than were available in 1995–1997. The new ΔD₅ and ΔH₅ equations were validated with an independent data set. The PM₅ equation was evaluated by comparing 100-yr predictions of Reineke's (1933) stand density index to behavior previously reported from measurements taken on long-term research plots. The new ΔD₅, ΔH₅, and PM₅ equations appear to be considerably superior in predictive ability and behavior to the original equations. The effects of the new equations on stand-level predictions were evaluated by comparing the maximum mean annual increments (MAI) in total stem volume (ft³) and associated rotation ages (RA) predicted from the original SMC-ORGANON model to predictions from the revised SMC-ORGANON model. This analysis was done by making 100-yr projections using 170 plots in young stands from the SMC data sets. Some of the ending values for average crown ratio (CR) after 100 yr of projection were near 15%, however, and predictions of basal area (BA) for some of these stands peaked and then declined over stand age. Substituting the HCB equation published by Hann and Hanus in 2004 for predicting crown recession (ΔHCB₅) eliminated the problem with BA peaking over stand age and resulted in somewhat larger average ending CRs. The 100-yr projections were then made again with the 2004 HCB equation of Hann and Hanus. On average, the revised model reduced RA by 2.1 yr (or 4.3%) and maximum MAI by 55.7 ft³/ac/yr (18.9%). Close