Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer

  Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer were determined from measurements on a bow boom at a depth of 2 m. Spectra were estimated in the wavelength ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer Author: Paulson, Clayton A., Wijesekera, Hemantha W., Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer were determined from measurements on a bow boom at a depth of 2 m. Spectra were estimated in the wavelength band from 2 m to 2 km, normalized in accordance with Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, and averaged in groups with similar stability parameter and fractional mixed layer depth. The shapes of the wave number-weighted oceanic spectra agree qualitatively with observed and modeled atmospheric spectra, including the wavelength of the peaks and the variation of peak wave number with stability. However, the peak spectral levels disagree by as much as a factor of two and the variation of spectral level with stability is in the opposite sense for the oceanic and atmospheric spectra. The wave number of the peak in the near neutral oceanic spectrum is similar to the wave number of the peak in the longitudinal velocity spectrum observed in the atmospheric surface layer, which is consistent with temperature acting as a passive tracer in near neutral conditions. The wave number of the peak in the free convection oceanic spectrum is similar to the wave number of the peak in the spectrum of vertical velocity observed in the atmospheric surface layer during free convection, which reflects the dynamical role played by temperature in a freely convecting boundary layer. The difference between oceanic and modeled near-neutral spectral levels at a wavelength of 2 m suggests that dissipation could be enhanced (u p to a factor of three) by surface wave breaking. Title: Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer Author: Paulson, Clayton A., Wijesekera, Hemantha W., Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Horizontal wave number spectra of temperature in the unstably stratified oceanic surface layer were determined from measurements on a bow boom at a depth of 2 m. Spectra were estimated in the wavelength band from 2 m to 2 km, normalized in accordance with Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, and averaged in groups with similar stability parameter and fractional mixed layer depth. The shapes of the wave number-weighted oceanic spectra agree qualitatively with observed and modeled atmospheric spectra, including the wavelength of the peaks and the variation of peak wave number with stability. However, the peak spectral levels disagree by as much as a factor of two and the variation of spectral level with stability is in the opposite sense for the oceanic and atmospheric spectra. The wave number of the peak in the near neutral oceanic spectrum is similar to the wave number of the peak in the longitudinal velocity spectrum observed in the atmospheric surface layer, which is consistent with temperature acting as a passive tracer in near neutral conditions. The wave number of the peak in the free convection oceanic spectrum is similar to the wave number of the peak in the spectrum of vertical velocity observed in the atmospheric surface layer during free convection, which reflects the dynamical role played by temperature in a freely convecting boundary layer. The difference between oceanic and modeled near-neutral spectral levels at a wavelength of 2 m suggests that dissipation could be enhanced (u p to a factor of three) by surface wave breaking. Close

• 2. [Article] Seasonal variation in temperature, salinity, and density over the continental shelf off Oregon

  Seasonal variations in the hydrography of the waters over the continental shelf off Oregon were observed in a set of hydrographic data collected along 44º39′N at intervals of a few weeks to a few months ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal variation in temperature, salinity, and density over the continental shelf off Oregon Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Seasonal variations in the hydrography of the waters over the continental shelf off Oregon were observed in a set of hydrographic data collected along 44º39′N at intervals of a few weeks to a few months from 1961 through 1970. The temperature is determined only partly by the local heating and cooling cycle: at the surface it is low (9°C) in winter, increasing in spring, lowest in summer, highest in early fall, and decreasing in winter; near the bottom, it is highest in winter and lowest in summer. The summer minimum is associated with coastal upwelling and a strong southward geostrophic current. Variations in salinity are governed by runoff, both locally and through the Columbia River effluent, as well as by coastal upwelling and advection. Neither temperature nor salinity is negligible in determining sigma-t. In summer, sigma-t decreases with distance offshore, and isopycnals slope downward from shore; in winter, sigma-t increases with distance offshore, and isopycnals slope upward from shore. Steric sea level also slopes downward from the coast in winter, and upward in summer. Alongshore geostrophic flow is southward in summer and northward in winter. The variations in temperature, salinity, and sigma-t are caused by seasonal cycles in the surface heat balance, precipitation and runoff, the local wind, and the alongshore flow. Title: Seasonal variation in temperature, salinity, and density over the continental shelf off Oregon Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Seasonal variations in the hydrography of the waters over the continental shelf off Oregon were observed in a set of hydrographic data collected along 44º39′N at intervals of a few weeks to a few months from 1961 through 1970. The temperature is determined only partly by the local heating and cooling cycle: at the surface it is low (9°C) in winter, increasing in spring, lowest in summer, highest in early fall, and decreasing in winter; near the bottom, it is highest in winter and lowest in summer. The summer minimum is associated with coastal upwelling and a strong southward geostrophic current. Variations in salinity are governed by runoff, both locally and through the Columbia River effluent, as well as by coastal upwelling and advection. Neither temperature nor salinity is negligible in determining sigma-t. In summer, sigma-t decreases with distance offshore, and isopycnals slope downward from shore; in winter, sigma-t increases with distance offshore, and isopycnals slope upward from shore. Steric sea level also slopes downward from the coast in winter, and upward in summer. Alongshore geostrophic flow is southward in summer and northward in winter. The variations in temperature, salinity, and sigma-t are caused by seasonal cycles in the surface heat balance, precipitation and runoff, the local wind, and the alongshore flow. Close

• 3. [Article] Temperature and salinity observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Eastward, 23 July-16 August 1976

  Published March 1978. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature and salinity observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Eastward, 23 July-16 August 1976 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Published March 1978. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Temperature and salinity observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Eastward, 23 July-16 August 1976 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Published March 1978. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 4. [Article] Vertical sections and mesoscale maps of temperature, salinity and sigma-t off the coast of Peru, July to October 1976 and March to May 1977

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vertical sections and mesoscale maps of temperature, salinity and sigma-t off the coast of Peru, July to October 1976 and March to May 1977 Author: Gilbert, William E., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Title: Vertical sections and mesoscale maps of temperature, salinity and sigma-t off the coast of Peru, July to October 1976 and March to May 1977 Author: Gilbert, William E., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Close

• 5. [Article] A compilation of observations from moored current meters. Vol. 12. Wind currents and temperature over the continental shelf and slope off Peru during JOINT II, March 1976-May 1977

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A compilation of observations from moored current meters. Vol. 12. Wind currents and temperature over the continental shelf and slope off Peru during JOINT II, March 1976-May 1977 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Enfield, D. B. (David Bruce), Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Title: A compilation of observations from moored current meters. Vol. 12. Wind currents and temperature over the continental shelf and slope off Peru during JOINT II, March 1976-May 1977 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Enfield, D. B. (David Bruce), Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Close

• 6. [Article] Temperature sections along the C-line over the shelf off Cabo Nazca, Peru from moored current meters : 18 March-10 May 1977 and CTD observations, 5 March-15 May 1977

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature sections along the C-line over the shelf off Cabo Nazca, Peru from moored current meters : 18 March-10 May 1977 and CTD observations, 5 March-15 May 1977 Author: Gilbert, William E., Brink, Kenneth H., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Title: Temperature sections along the C-line over the shelf off Cabo Nazca, Peru from moored current meters : 18 March-10 May 1977 and CTD observations, 5 March-15 May 1977 Author: Gilbert, William E., Brink, Kenneth H., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Close

• 7. [Article] CTD observations off Oregon and California : R/V WECOMA, July 1983 - April 1984

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CTD observations off Oregon and California : R/V WECOMA, July 1983 - April 1984 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Schramm, Richard E., Fleischbein, Jane, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Title: CTD observations off Oregon and California : R/V WECOMA, July 1983 - April 1984 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Schramm, Richard E., Fleischbein, Jane, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Close

• 8. [Article] Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972

  This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972 Author: Coastal Upwelling Experiment, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical dis- tribution of temperature, salinity and sigma-t along lines occupied on hydrographic cruises by R/V Yaquina during CUE. Hydrographic observations collected from R/V Oceanographer during CUE (Halpern and Holbrook, 1972) are not included in this report. Data reports for each of the CUE hydrographic cruises have been published (Anon., 1972 a-e; 1973 a-c; Halpern and Holbrook, 1972). The diagrams presented here will be of interest to the other CUE participants and also to other oceanographers studying Oregon coastal waters. Title: Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972 Author: Coastal Upwelling Experiment, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical dis- tribution of temperature, salinity and sigma-t along lines occupied on hydrographic cruises by R/V Yaquina during CUE. Hydrographic observations collected from R/V Oceanographer during CUE (Halpern and Holbrook, 1972) are not included in this report. Data reports for each of the CUE hydrographic cruises have been published (Anon., 1972 a-e; 1973 a-c; Halpern and Holbrook, 1972). The diagrams presented here will be of interest to the other CUE participants and also to other oceanographers studying Oregon coastal waters. Close

• 9. [Article] The signature of El Nino off Oregon, 1982-1983

  National Science Foundation through grants OCE-8026131, OCE-8405232, OCE-8014943 and OCE-8315014.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The signature of El Nino off Oregon, 1982-1983 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- National Science Foundation through grants OCE-8026131, OCE-8405232, OCE-8014943 and OCE-8315014. Title: The signature of El Nino off Oregon, 1982-1983 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- National Science Foundation through grants OCE-8026131, OCE-8405232, OCE-8014943 and OCE-8315014. Close

• 10. [Article] Seasonal cycles of currents, temperatures, winds, and sea level over the northeast pacific continental shelf: 35°N to 48°N

  Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal cycles of currents, temperatures, winds, and sea level over the northeast pacific continental shelf: 35°N to 48°N Author: Beardsley, R. C., Strub, P. Ted, Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Allen, John S., Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Title: Seasonal cycles of currents, temperatures, winds, and sea level over the northeast pacific continental shelf: 35°N to 48°N Author: Beardsley, R. C., Strub, P. Ted, Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Allen, John S., Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Close

• 11. [Article] Surface patterns in temperature, flow, phytoplankton biomass, and species composition in the coastal transition zone of northern California

  Satellite thermal imagery and in situ biological and physical data are presented that describe the spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to the physical structure ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Surface patterns in temperature, flow, phytoplankton biomass, and species composition in the coastal transition zone of northern California Author: Abbott, Mark R., Hood, Raleigh R., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Satellite thermal imagery and in situ biological and physical data are presented that describe the spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to the physical structure at the sea surface during persistent upwelling off northern California. Surface patterns in temperature, geostrophic velocity, chlorophyll, and particle size structure show that the coastal zone was dominated by two water masses separated by a well-defined physical boundary. This boundary is apparent in satellite thermal imagery as a cold front and in dynamic height as a meandering jet in the California Current. On the landward side of the front (jet) we observed cold, coastal water that was relatively enriched in phytoplankton biomass, due to the presence of large diatoms. On the seaward side of the front (jet) we observed relatively warm water where the phytoplankton biomass was low and the diatoms were largely absent. Broad tongues and narrow filaments of cold, chlorophyll-rich water that extended over 100 km offshore were present in our study area. These features were bounded by the meandering coastal jet. The coldest, most chlorophyll-rich water in these tongues and filaments was located between the onshore and offshore flows in relatively slow moving water, but entrainment of coastal water into the jet was apparent. Title: Surface patterns in temperature, flow, phytoplankton biomass, and species composition in the coastal transition zone of northern California Author: Abbott, Mark R., Hood, Raleigh R., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Satellite thermal imagery and in situ biological and physical data are presented that describe the spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to the physical structure at the sea surface during persistent upwelling off northern California. Surface patterns in temperature, geostrophic velocity, chlorophyll, and particle size structure show that the coastal zone was dominated by two water masses separated by a well-defined physical boundary. This boundary is apparent in satellite thermal imagery as a cold front and in dynamic height as a meandering jet in the California Current. On the landward side of the front (jet) we observed cold, coastal water that was relatively enriched in phytoplankton biomass, due to the presence of large diatoms. On the seaward side of the front (jet) we observed relatively warm water where the phytoplankton biomass was low and the diatoms were largely absent. Broad tongues and narrow filaments of cold, chlorophyll-rich water that extended over 100 km offshore were present in our study area. These features were bounded by the meandering coastal jet. The coldest, most chlorophyll-rich water in these tongues and filaments was located between the onshore and offshore flows in relatively slow moving water, but entrainment of coastal water into the jet was apparent. Close

• 12. [Article] SEASOAR and CTD observations during EBC cruises W9306A and W9308B, June to September 1993

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during EBC cruises W9306A and W9308B, June to September 1993 Author: Shearman, R. Kipp, Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Fleischbein, Jane, Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, O'Malley, Robert T., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951-, Barth, John A. Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during EBC cruises W9306A and W9308B, June to September 1993 Author: Shearman, R. Kipp, Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Fleischbein, Jane, Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, O'Malley, Robert T., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951-, Barth, John A. Close

• 13. [Article] SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211C, 22 January to 22 February 1993

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211C, 22 January to 22 February 1993 Author: Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211C, 22 January to 22 February 1993 Author: Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Close

• 14. [Article] A compilation of observations from moored current meters and thermographs. Vol. 5. Oregon continental shelf 31 July-21 September 1969

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A compilation of observations from moored current meters and thermographs. Vol. 5. Oregon continental shelf 31 July-21 September 1969 Author: National Science Foundation (U.S.), United States. Office of Naval Research, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Oceanography Title: A compilation of observations from moored current meters and thermographs. Vol. 5. Oregon continental shelf 31 July-21 September 1969 Author: National Science Foundation (U.S.), United States. Office of Naval Research, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Oceanography Close

• 15. [Article] CTD observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Melville, 4 March-22 May 1977, and R/V COLUMBUS ISELIN, 5 April-19 May 1977

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CTD observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Melville, 4 March-22 May 1977, and R/V COLUMBUS ISELIN, 5 April-19 May 1977 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Title: CTD observations off the coast of Peru, R/V Melville, 4 March-22 May 1977, and R/V COLUMBUS ISELIN, 5 April-19 May 1977 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Close

• 16. [Article] SeaSoar and CTD observations during coastal jet separation cruise W9408A, August to September 1994

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SeaSoar and CTD observations during coastal jet separation cruise W9408A, August to September 1994 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Fleischbein, Jane, Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Barth, John A., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, O'Malley, Robert T. Title: SeaSoar and CTD observations during coastal jet separation cruise W9408A, August to September 1994 Author: Smith, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1935-, Fleischbein, Jane, Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Barth, John A., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, O'Malley, Robert T. Close

• 17. [Article] SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211A, 8 November to 8 December 1992

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211A, 8 November to 8 December 1992 Author: Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Title: SEASOAR and CTD observations during a COARE surveys cruise, W9211A, 8 November to 8 December 1992 Author: Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Close

• 18. [Article] Hydrographic data from the first coastal ocean dynamics experiment : R/V Wecoma, Leg 2, 10-14 April 1981

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrographic data from the first coastal ocean dynamics experiment : R/V Wecoma, Leg 2, 10-14 April 1981 Author: Gilbert, William E., Schramm, Richard E., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Title: Hydrographic data from the first coastal ocean dynamics experiment : R/V Wecoma, Leg 2, 10-14 April 1981 Author: Gilbert, William E., Schramm, Richard E., Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Close

• 19. [Article] Mesoscale surveys over the shelf and slope in the upwelling region near Point Arena, California

  Repeated mesoscale surveys of a 40-km-wide, 100-km-long, coastal region near Point Arena, California, were conducted during the upwelling season (April-August) in 1981 and 1982. Each survey included conventional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mesoscale surveys over the shelf and slope in the upwelling region near Point Arena, California Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Repeated mesoscale surveys of a 40-km-wide, 100-km-long, coastal region near Point Arena, California, were conducted during the upwelling season (April-August) in 1981 and 1982. Each survey included conventional conductivity-temperature-depth casts at standard locations over the continental shelf and slope between 38°N and 39°10'N, and continuous operation of a Doppler acoustic log to obtain velocity profiles in the 20- to 150-m depth range. "Synoptic" surveys covered the entire grid in 2-3 days. Winds were strongly favorable for upwelling during the three 1981 surveys and were weak or variable during the three 1982 surveys. Surface temperature and salinity fields reflect the influence of both the seasonal winds and day-to-day variations in the wind. Persistently low surface salinities offshore reflect the general southward advection of subarctic waters, and sporadic low salinities over the inner shelf reflect northward advection of local runoff through an intermittent narrow countercurrent along the coast. Circulation patterns during all but one of the surveys were very complex and included meandering equatorward flow, cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, and inshore countercurrents. The simple two-dimensional, equatorward, baroclinic coastal jet usually associated with coastal upwelling was observed during only one of our surveys. Overall average fields are relatively simple. They show broad equatorward surface flow, a very weak inshore countercurrent, and a definite poleward undercurrent at the shelf break. Average temperature, salinity, and density fields are generally congruent with the average flow pattern. Average isotherms and isohalines are not strictly parallel to the coastline: south of the coastline bend at Point Arena, they diverge gradually from the coast. Comparison of average sections calculated from 10 matched pairs of Central and Arena lines (separated by 50 km) shows there are systematic differences between them. Warmer, fresher waters lie nearer shore (and in shallower water) off Point Arena than on the Central line; this suggests that the surface waters flowing past Point Arena have sufficient southward momentum to cross isobaths. Comparison of average velocity sections on these two lines shows some differences in structure; since the variability is large, these may not be significant. Comparison of the measured and geostrophic average shears suggests there is a significant ageostrophic component in the upper layers above 40 m; it may be the signature of an average wind-driven Ekman spira Title: Mesoscale surveys over the shelf and slope in the upwelling region near Point Arena, California Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Repeated mesoscale surveys of a 40-km-wide, 100-km-long, coastal region near Point Arena, California, were conducted during the upwelling season (April-August) in 1981 and 1982. Each survey included conventional conductivity-temperature-depth casts at standard locations over the continental shelf and slope between 38°N and 39°10'N, and continuous operation of a Doppler acoustic log to obtain velocity profiles in the 20- to 150-m depth range. "Synoptic" surveys covered the entire grid in 2-3 days. Winds were strongly favorable for upwelling during the three 1981 surveys and were weak or variable during the three 1982 surveys. Surface temperature and salinity fields reflect the influence of both the seasonal winds and day-to-day variations in the wind. Persistently low surface salinities offshore reflect the general southward advection of subarctic waters, and sporadic low salinities over the inner shelf reflect northward advection of local runoff through an intermittent narrow countercurrent along the coast. Circulation patterns during all but one of the surveys were very complex and included meandering equatorward flow, cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, and inshore countercurrents. The simple two-dimensional, equatorward, baroclinic coastal jet usually associated with coastal upwelling was observed during only one of our surveys. Overall average fields are relatively simple. They show broad equatorward surface flow, a very weak inshore countercurrent, and a definite poleward undercurrent at the shelf break. Average temperature, salinity, and density fields are generally congruent with the average flow pattern. Average isotherms and isohalines are not strictly parallel to the coastline: south of the coastline bend at Point Arena, they diverge gradually from the coast. Comparison of average sections calculated from 10 matched pairs of Central and Arena lines (separated by 50 km) shows there are systematic differences between them. Warmer, fresher waters lie nearer shore (and in shallower water) off Point Arena than on the Central line; this suggests that the surface waters flowing past Point Arena have sufficient southward momentum to cross isobaths. Comparison of average velocity sections on these two lines shows some differences in structure; since the variability is large, these may not be significant. Comparison of the measured and geostrophic average shears suggests there is a significant ageostrophic component in the upper layers above 40 m; it may be the signature of an average wind-driven Ekman spira Close

• 20. [Article] Mixing of chlorophyll from the Middle Atlantic Bight cold pool into the Gulf Stream at Cape Hatteras in July 1993

  In July 1993 we collected hydrographic data and information on chlorophyll distribution on the continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras and across the shelf break at Cape Hatteras. The data show that a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mixing of chlorophyll from the Middle Atlantic Bight cold pool into the Gulf Stream at Cape Hatteras in July 1993 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Sherry, Nelson D., Wood, A. Michelle In July 1993 we collected hydrographic data and information on chlorophyll distribution on the continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras and across the shelf break at Cape Hatteras. The data show that a warm, transparent mixed layer lies over much colder, euphotic, chlorophyll-rich bottom water on the shelf. This layer has temperature and salinity properties characteristic of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) cold pool, a distinctive mass of cold bottom water formed when cold water from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf is isolated from surface water by vernal warming and seasonal stratification [Houghton et al., 1982]. The constant density of this chlorophyll-rich water (σФ = 25.0–25.6) combined with a strong chlorophyll gradient along the 25 σФ isopycnal at the shelf break indicates that chlorophyll advected off the shelf at Cape Hatteras in July 1993. TS diagrams further indicate that cold pool water, and the chlorophyll it contained, mixed into upper levels of the Gulf Stream. Thus the MAB may contribute to the nutrient budget of Atlantic surface waters through a long loop of circulation that transports deep water from the Labrador Sea to Cape Hatteras. Title: Mixing of chlorophyll from the Middle Atlantic Bight cold pool into the Gulf Stream at Cape Hatteras in July 1993 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Sherry, Nelson D., Wood, A. Michelle In July 1993 we collected hydrographic data and information on chlorophyll distribution on the continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras and across the shelf break at Cape Hatteras. The data show that a warm, transparent mixed layer lies over much colder, euphotic, chlorophyll-rich bottom water on the shelf. This layer has temperature and salinity properties characteristic of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) cold pool, a distinctive mass of cold bottom water formed when cold water from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf is isolated from surface water by vernal warming and seasonal stratification [Houghton et al., 1982]. The constant density of this chlorophyll-rich water (σФ = 25.0–25.6) combined with a strong chlorophyll gradient along the 25 σФ isopycnal at the shelf break indicates that chlorophyll advected off the shelf at Cape Hatteras in July 1993. TS diagrams further indicate that cold pool water, and the chlorophyll it contained, mixed into upper levels of the Gulf Stream. Thus the MAB may contribute to the nutrient budget of Atlantic surface waters through a long loop of circulation that transports deep water from the Labrador Sea to Cape Hatteras. Close