Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] Nearly two centuries of fish canning: An historical look at European exports of canned fish

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nearly two centuries of fish canning: An historical look at European exports of canned fish Author: Dias, Joao Ferreira, Guillotreau, Patrice Research Paper Title: Nearly two centuries of fish canning: An historical look at European exports of canned fish Author: Dias, Joao Ferreira, Guillotreau, Patrice Research Paper Close

• 2. [Article] Fishing Agreements and Macroeconomic Dependance: A Game-Theory Approach of the EU-ACP Framework

  Since January 2008, the fishing agreements between the European Union and ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific) countries have changed to comply with WTO rules and improve the management of the fisheries. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Agreements and Macroeconomic Dependance: A Game-Theory Approach of the EU-ACP Framework Author: Guillotreau, Patrice, Vallée, Thomas Since January 2008, the fishing agreements between the European Union and ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific) countries have changed to comply with WTO rules and improve the management of the fisheries. However, the poor countries depend perhaps too heavily on foreign aids to impose any management system to the distant water fishing nations. A classical game theory approach (fishwar model) is revisited to take into consideration the macroeconomic dependence of developing countries and identify the theoretical conditions (time preferences, compensatory payment level, negotiation leadership) under which the stock can increase and the countries share the resources. In this game, each ACP country has its own EEZ of a natural stock and can fish on its own or partly sell the access to the EU fleet (quota) against a compensatory amount. The Nash equilibrium context is compared to two Stackelberg settings. Title: Fishing Agreements and Macroeconomic Dependance: A Game-Theory Approach of the EU-ACP Framework Author: Guillotreau, Patrice, Vallée, Thomas Since January 2008, the fishing agreements between the European Union and ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific) countries have changed to comply with WTO rules and improve the management of the fisheries. However, the poor countries depend perhaps too heavily on foreign aids to impose any management system to the distant water fishing nations. A classical game theory approach (fishwar model) is revisited to take into consideration the macroeconomic dependence of developing countries and identify the theoretical conditions (time preferences, compensatory payment level, negotiation leadership) under which the stock can increase and the countries share the resources. In this game, each ACP country has its own EEZ of a natural stock and can fish on its own or partly sell the access to the EU fleet (quota) against a compensatory amount. The Nash equilibrium context is compared to two Stackelberg settings. Close

• 3. [Article] Impact of a marine protected area to fishery profitability and income distribution. Some evidence from the Gulf of Thailand (Mu Ko Chumphon National Park versus Chumphon Province)

  Methodological difficulties, particularly when multifleet-multispecies fisheries are active, explain pro parte a weak research effort on the socio-economic impact of fishery activities after the implementation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of a marine protected area to fishery profitability and income distribution. Some evidence from the Gulf of Thailand (Mu Ko Chumphon National Park versus Chumphon Province) Author: Weigel, Jean-Yves, Noel, Jean-Francois, Morand, Pierre, Guillotreau, Patrice, Mawongwai, Thunthada Methodological difficulties, particularly when multifleet-multispecies fisheries are active, explain pro parte a weak research effort on the socio-economic impact of fishery activities after the implementation of a marine protected area. Two components of the socio-economic impact have been prioritized: the fishing unit profitability and the fishery household income distribution by comparing a marine protected area (Mu Ko Chumpon National Park) and an unprotected area (Chumphon Province) in Thailand. One can distinguish three phases: a bibliographical analysis, the carrying out of fishers village monographs and of a sample-based survey of fishery households. The sampling unit was the fishery household forming one or several fishing units defined by a métier (an association of a fleet, a main fishing gear, target species): 126 households forming 225 fishing units have been surveyed. The positive impact of the MPA on fishery profitability is shown by a principal component analysis which indicates that there is a lower proportion of fishing units harvesting inside or in adjacent areas of the MPA (insiders who are benefitting from implicit access rights) which face negative profit than those fishing remote from the MPA but in Chumphon Province (outsiders). This positive impact is confirmed by the performance of Chi-square tests: the insiders have relatively higher profit per fishing day than outsiders and Chi-square tests show a greater homogeneity of profits per fishing day and a lower variability for the insiders. A steady social impact from the MPA on fishery income distribution is revealed by the measure of concentration using an Herfindhal index and Lorenz curves which show the more egalitarian structure of insiders regarding the operating profit and the income per fishery household. Title: Impact of a marine protected area to fishery profitability and income distribution. Some evidence from the Gulf of Thailand (Mu Ko Chumphon National Park versus Chumphon Province) Author: Weigel, Jean-Yves, Noel, Jean-Francois, Morand, Pierre, Guillotreau, Patrice, Mawongwai, Thunthada Methodological difficulties, particularly when multifleet-multispecies fisheries are active, explain pro parte a weak research effort on the socio-economic impact of fishery activities after the implementation of a marine protected area. Two components of the socio-economic impact have been prioritized: the fishing unit profitability and the fishery household income distribution by comparing a marine protected area (Mu Ko Chumpon National Park) and an unprotected area (Chumphon Province) in Thailand. One can distinguish three phases: a bibliographical analysis, the carrying out of fishers village monographs and of a sample-based survey of fishery households. The sampling unit was the fishery household forming one or several fishing units defined by a métier (an association of a fleet, a main fishing gear, target species): 126 households forming 225 fishing units have been surveyed. The positive impact of the MPA on fishery profitability is shown by a principal component analysis which indicates that there is a lower proportion of fishing units harvesting inside or in adjacent areas of the MPA (insiders who are benefitting from implicit access rights) which face negative profit than those fishing remote from the MPA but in Chumphon Province (outsiders). This positive impact is confirmed by the performance of Chi-square tests: the insiders have relatively higher profit per fishing day than outsiders and Chi-square tests show a greater homogeneity of profits per fishing day and a lower variability for the insiders. A steady social impact from the MPA on fishery income distribution is revealed by the measure of concentration using an Herfindhal index and Lorenz curves which show the more egalitarian structure of insiders regarding the operating profit and the income per fishery household. Close

• 4. [Article] The impact of electronic auction systems on fish prices

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impact of electronic auction systems on fish prices Author: Toribio, Ramon Jimenez, Guillotreau, Patrice Research Paper Title: The impact of electronic auction systems on fish prices Author: Toribio, Ramon Jimenez, Guillotreau, Patrice Research Paper Close

• 5. [Article] The Role of Trust In The Exchange Relationship: The Case of The Kribi Fish Market

  Fresh fish trade in Kribi, Cameroon is characterized by high uncertainty in a context of specific assets. Facing this uncertainty, actors have developed hybrid coordination mechanisms centered on contractual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Trust In The Exchange Relationship: The Case of The Kribi Fish Market Author: Tiotsop, Francois, Guillotreau, Patrice Fresh fish trade in Kribi, Cameroon is characterized by high uncertainty in a context of specific assets. Facing this uncertainty, actors have developed hybrid coordination mechanisms centered on contractual arrangements and networks. These implicit contractual arrangements involve price negotiation, delivery agreements between fishermen and buyers, as well as transactions including the provision of various types of credit. Supply networks help build trust among trading partners. Trust is based not only on strong ties through ethnic network but also on the trading partner‟s credibility brought about through repeated and lasting relationships. In theory our case study concurs with some of the Williamson‟s intuitions. The study further shows that the establishment of an "organized" market with a view to building transparency in the transactions has prompted the majority of actors to adopt this institution. At the same time, it has also loosened some of the social relationships otherwise indispensible in the absence of a viable marketing institution. Institutional trust does not, however, completely replace relational trust between actors given the low development of microcredit in the area. Title: The Role of Trust In The Exchange Relationship: The Case of The Kribi Fish Market Author: Tiotsop, Francois, Guillotreau, Patrice Fresh fish trade in Kribi, Cameroon is characterized by high uncertainty in a context of specific assets. Facing this uncertainty, actors have developed hybrid coordination mechanisms centered on contractual arrangements and networks. These implicit contractual arrangements involve price negotiation, delivery agreements between fishermen and buyers, as well as transactions including the provision of various types of credit. Supply networks help build trust among trading partners. Trust is based not only on strong ties through ethnic network but also on the trading partner‟s credibility brought about through repeated and lasting relationships. In theory our case study concurs with some of the Williamson‟s intuitions. The study further shows that the establishment of an "organized" market with a view to building transparency in the transactions has prompted the majority of actors to adopt this institution. At the same time, it has also loosened some of the social relationships otherwise indispensible in the absence of a viable marketing institution. Institutional trust does not, however, completely replace relational trust between actors given the low development of microcredit in the area. Close

• 6. [Article] The seafood ecolabeling experience in France: a new a new market for lemons?

  As compared to other countries, France has been involved very lately in the discussion about fisheries ecolabelling. Reluctant to adopt the existing ecolabels, the professional organisations, the Ministry ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The seafood ecolabeling experience in France: a new a new market for lemons? Author: Perraudeau, Yves, Guillotreau, Patrice, Salladarré, Frédéric, Monfort, Marie-Christine As compared to other countries, France has been involved very lately in the discussion about fisheries ecolabelling. Reluctant to adopt the existing ecolabels, the professional organisations, the Ministry of food, agriculture and fisheries and the European Commission itself tend to create their own label guidelines to take into consideration other criteria than the mere ecological sustainability. In the meantime, some influential processors and retailing chains are involved in various initiatives covering a wide range of more or less credible emerging ecolabels. The ongoing process is therefore uncertain about the conventional standard(s) that may come out of the asymmetrical situation between the poorly informed consumers on the one hand and the current investment of the whole value chain for more or less consistent fisheries ecolabels on the other.First, a brief historical look at the various events surrounding the European and French dissemination of ecolabels is proposed in the present research, revealing the confusing emergence of a standard that could be socially accepted by the stake-holders. Secondly, from an overall survey dealing with the public image of the fishing industry in Europe (5000 interviews throughout Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Denmark), a probit model applied to the willingness of developing an ecolabel for seafood products is estimated, showing the existing gap between the social awareness of responsible fisheries requirements and the actual criteria governing the consumer behaviour when purchasing fish. Some implications for the development of ecolabeling in Europe are discussed. Title: The seafood ecolabeling experience in France: a new a new market for lemons? Author: Perraudeau, Yves, Guillotreau, Patrice, Salladarré, Frédéric, Monfort, Marie-Christine As compared to other countries, France has been involved very lately in the discussion about fisheries ecolabelling. Reluctant to adopt the existing ecolabels, the professional organisations, the Ministry of food, agriculture and fisheries and the European Commission itself tend to create their own label guidelines to take into consideration other criteria than the mere ecological sustainability. In the meantime, some influential processors and retailing chains are involved in various initiatives covering a wide range of more or less credible emerging ecolabels. The ongoing process is therefore uncertain about the conventional standard(s) that may come out of the asymmetrical situation between the poorly informed consumers on the one hand and the current investment of the whole value chain for more or less consistent fisheries ecolabels on the other.First, a brief historical look at the various events surrounding the European and French dissemination of ecolabels is proposed in the present research, revealing the confusing emergence of a standard that could be socially accepted by the stake-holders. Secondly, from an overall survey dealing with the public image of the fishing industry in Europe (5000 interviews throughout Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Denmark), a probit model applied to the willingness of developing an ecolabel for seafood products is estimated, showing the existing gap between the social awareness of responsible fisheries requirements and the actual criteria governing the consumer behaviour when purchasing fish. Some implications for the development of ecolabeling in Europe are discussed. Close

• 7. [Article] Asymmetry of price transmission within the French value chain of seafood products

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Asymmetry of price transmission within the French value chain of seafood products Author: Simioni, Michel, Gonzales, Frederic, Guillotreau, Patrice, Le Grel, Laurent Research Paper Title: Asymmetry of price transmission within the French value chain of seafood products Author: Simioni, Michel, Gonzales, Frederic, Guillotreau, Patrice, Le Grel, Laurent Research Paper Close

• 8. [Article] Raising Rivals’ Costs In The Tuna Industry

  Vertical mergers are mostly perceived in the literature as a way of reducing production and transaction costs. However, vertical restrictions or raising rivals’ costs (RRC) are taken into great consideration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Raising Rivals’ Costs In The Tuna Industry Author: Guillotreau, Patrice, Le Roy, Frédéric Year: 2001 Vertical mergers are mostly perceived in the literature as a way of reducing production and transaction costs. However, vertical restrictions or raising rivals’ costs (RRC) are taken into great consideration by the antitrust authorities as potential consequences of vertical integration. The case of the French tuna industry seems of particular relevance to look at causes of vertical integration and the implications on competition within the industry. In 1994, a major fishing and transportation company has been taken over by a member of the French tropical tuna oligopoly. This company was previously supplying fish for all the canneries without earning extra profits. Since the institutional change, trade has been diverted and the company is now making substantial profits. With regard to this case study, one could hardly conclude that one of the oligopolists has developed such a strategy to intentionally raise its rivals’ costs. Efficiency and security of supply still provide a good explanation of the vertical integration decision. Nonetheless, uncertainty has been transferred from a competitor to the others after the acquisition. Whenever a risk of shortage occurs, uncertainty is increasing for the rivals, and the supplying costs too. Beyond the contribution of this case study to the conditions under which RRC strategy is rational for vertical integration decisions, the consequences for the French antitrust policy are discussed. Title: Raising Rivals’ Costs In The Tuna Industry Author: Guillotreau, Patrice, Le Roy, Frédéric Year: 2001 Vertical mergers are mostly perceived in the literature as a way of reducing production and transaction costs. However, vertical restrictions or raising rivals’ costs (RRC) are taken into great consideration by the antitrust authorities as potential consequences of vertical integration. The case of the French tuna industry seems of particular relevance to look at causes of vertical integration and the implications on competition within the industry. In 1994, a major fishing and transportation company has been taken over by a member of the French tropical tuna oligopoly. This company was previously supplying fish for all the canneries without earning extra profits. Since the institutional change, trade has been diverted and the company is now making substantial profits. With regard to this case study, one could hardly conclude that one of the oligopolists has developed such a strategy to intentionally raise its rivals’ costs. Efficiency and security of supply still provide a good explanation of the vertical integration decision. Nonetheless, uncertainty has been transferred from a competitor to the others after the acquisition. Whenever a risk of shortage occurs, uncertainty is increasing for the rivals, and the supplying costs too. Beyond the contribution of this case study to the conditions under which RRC strategy is rational for vertical integration decisions, the consequences for the French antitrust policy are discussed. Close

• 9. [Article] Turning a Fish into a Brand: A Century of Rent-Seeking Strategies in the Tuna Canning Industry

  Over the past century, the tuna canning industry has been dominated by a few big companies, some of them having changed of ownership or merged: these oligopolistic firms are the “big three” in the USA, Van ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Turning a Fish into a Brand: A Century of Rent-Seeking Strategies in the Tuna Canning Industry Author: Mongruel, Rémi, Jiménez-Toribio, Ramón, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Guillotreau, Patrice Over the past century, the tuna canning industry has been dominated by a few big companies, some of them having changed of ownership or merged: these oligopolistic firms are the “big three” in the USA, Van Camp, Star Kist, and Bumble Bee, the French Saupiquet, the Italian Trinity Alimentari and the Spanish Calvo in Europe, and, a bit later, the Thailandese groups Thai Union and Sea Value. Specialized in the canning of seafood, if not exclusively in tuna canning, these firms are key operators on the international markets for raw material or processed products and benefit from the reputation of their private brands. This paper depicts the history of the world tuna canning industry throughout the past century, providing a synthesis of the abundant but dispersed literature on the subject, with an emphasis on the major companies of this industry. An analytical framework is proposed, mixing up some evidence regarding the rent-seeking strategies followed by leading companies and the various forms of rents which have been identified in the literature by both fisheries and business economists: resource scarcity rent, infra-marginal rent of producers (productivity rent), technological rent (increasing returns to scale and innovations in the fishing and processing industries), quasi-monopoly rent or reputation rent (due to the horizontal differentiation from advertising) and organisational rent (in relation to the new international division of labour). The discussion suggests that the basic principles of fisheries sustainable management are somehow challenged by the economic objectives of an industry enjoying such a variety of rents. Title: Turning a Fish into a Brand: A Century of Rent-Seeking Strategies in the Tuna Canning Industry Author: Mongruel, Rémi, Jiménez-Toribio, Ramón, García del Hoyo, Juan José, Guillotreau, Patrice Over the past century, the tuna canning industry has been dominated by a few big companies, some of them having changed of ownership or merged: these oligopolistic firms are the “big three” in the USA, Van Camp, Star Kist, and Bumble Bee, the French Saupiquet, the Italian Trinity Alimentari and the Spanish Calvo in Europe, and, a bit later, the Thailandese groups Thai Union and Sea Value. Specialized in the canning of seafood, if not exclusively in tuna canning, these firms are key operators on the international markets for raw material or processed products and benefit from the reputation of their private brands. This paper depicts the history of the world tuna canning industry throughout the past century, providing a synthesis of the abundant but dispersed literature on the subject, with an emphasis on the major companies of this industry. An analytical framework is proposed, mixing up some evidence regarding the rent-seeking strategies followed by leading companies and the various forms of rents which have been identified in the literature by both fisheries and business economists: resource scarcity rent, infra-marginal rent of producers (productivity rent), technological rent (increasing returns to scale and innovations in the fishing and processing industries), quasi-monopoly rent or reputation rent (due to the horizontal differentiation from advertising) and organisational rent (in relation to the new international division of labour). The discussion suggests that the basic principles of fisheries sustainable management are somehow challenged by the economic objectives of an industry enjoying such a variety of rents. Close

• 10. [Article] Market Power and the European Tuna Oligopsony: Implications for Fisheries and Trade

  Some recent studies have shown the outstanding price linkages at the global scale between the cannery-grade tuna markets over the last decade. When it comes to price transmission along the European value ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market Power and the European Tuna Oligopsony: Implications for Fisheries and Trade Author: Mongruel, Rémi, Jiménez-Toribio, Ramon, Guillotreau, Patrice Some recent studies have shown the outstanding price linkages at the global scale between the cannery-grade tuna markets over the last decade. When it comes to price transmission along the European value chains, opposite results between the two major species (skipjack and yellowfin) are found: the market for final goods is actually segmented between the northern European countries consuming low-priced skipjack imported from Asia and the southern countries producing and importing yellowfin sold on their domestic markets at higher prices. If the former market is supposedly competitive, there is more suspicion of market power exercised on the latter. Through a structural and dynamic I.O. model already tested for other species in previous research, this paper explores the possible existence of market power exercised either by processors on the one hand (canned tuna sold in France) and/or by retailers on the other (French supermarkets). Some explanations are given in terms of industrial concentration for both processing and retailing industries and the marketing organisation itself. The high level of trade barriers protecting the European industry may also serve as a determining factor. Title: Market Power and the European Tuna Oligopsony: Implications for Fisheries and Trade Author: Mongruel, Rémi, Jiménez-Toribio, Ramon, Guillotreau, Patrice Some recent studies have shown the outstanding price linkages at the global scale between the cannery-grade tuna markets over the last decade. When it comes to price transmission along the European value chains, opposite results between the two major species (skipjack and yellowfin) are found: the market for final goods is actually segmented between the northern European countries consuming low-priced skipjack imported from Asia and the southern countries producing and importing yellowfin sold on their domestic markets at higher prices. If the former market is supposedly competitive, there is more suspicion of market power exercised on the latter. Through a structural and dynamic I.O. model already tested for other species in previous research, this paper explores the possible existence of market power exercised either by processors on the one hand (canned tuna sold in France) and/or by retailers on the other (French supermarkets). Some explanations are given in terms of industrial concentration for both processing and retailing industries and the marketing organisation itself. The high level of trade barriers protecting the European industry may also serve as a determining factor. Close