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• 1. [Article] Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality

  Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality Author: Marshall, D. D., Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., DeBell, D. S. Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. Growth and wood density traits of individual rings were measured via X-ray densitometry, and relationships of ring density and its components to age and growth rate were analyzed. Ring density was highest (0.49 g/cm3) near the pith, declined to 0.40 g/cm3 at age 10, remained stable to about age 25, and then increased gradually and remained between 0.43 and 0.44 g/cm3 from age 38 to 45 and beyond. A negative influence of rapid growth on whole ring density was greatest at young ages and diminished with time, becoming nonsignificant beyond age 30. Earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion were all negatively related to ring width at young ages, but by age 21–25, latewood proportion was the only component of ring density that remained significantly diminished by increased growth rate. Residual differences in wood density (after age and growth rate were considered) did not appear to be related to either stand density or site class. Overall, young-growth hemlock trees are relatively uniform in wood density and likely to be more so if grown in intensively managed stands. Title: Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality Author: Marshall, D. D., Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., DeBell, D. S. Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. Growth and wood density traits of individual rings were measured via X-ray densitometry, and relationships of ring density and its components to age and growth rate were analyzed. Ring density was highest (0.49 g/cm3) near the pith, declined to 0.40 g/cm3 at age 10, remained stable to about age 25, and then increased gradually and remained between 0.43 and 0.44 g/cm3 from age 38 to 45 and beyond. A negative influence of rapid growth on whole ring density was greatest at young ages and diminished with time, becoming nonsignificant beyond age 30. Earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion were all negatively related to ring width at young ages, but by age 21–25, latewood proportion was the only component of ring density that remained significantly diminished by increased growth rate. Residual differences in wood density (after age and growth rate were considered) did not appear to be related to either stand density or site class. Overall, young-growth hemlock trees are relatively uniform in wood density and likely to be more so if grown in intensively managed stands. Close

• 2. [Article] Wood density and fiber length in young populus stems: relation to clone, age, growth rate, and pruning

  Cross-sectional disks were cut at two stem heights (1.5 m and 3.0 m) from 9-year-old trees of three Populus clones grown in an intensively-cultured plantation in western Washington. At age 1.5 years, when ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wood density and fiber length in young populus stems: relation to clone, age, growth rate, and pruning Author: Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., Harrington, C. A., DeBell, D. S. Cross-sectional disks were cut at two stem heights (1.5 m and 3.0 m) from 9-year-old trees of three Populus clones grown in an intensively-cultured plantation in western Washington. At age 1.5 years, when the trees averaged 3.4 m tall, half of the trees were pruned by removing all branches below 1.8 m. Ring width, wood density, and fiber length were measured for each ring. Pruning had no effect on mean ring width or wood properties, averaged over the entire disk or on rings produced during the 2nd through the 4th years. Averaged over all trees, wood density of the 1.5 m sample was 0.37 g cm-3 during the first 3 years, decreased somewhat at age 4 or 5, and then increased to an average of 0.45 g cm-3 at age 9. Fiber length increased from 0.57 mm at age 1 to nearly 1.0 mm at age 9. Averaged over all disks at 1.5 m, clones differed significantly in ring width, wood density, and fiber length. Mean values for the two wood properties at 3.0 m were slightly lower than those at 1.5 m and did not differ significantly among clones. Within clone correlations between ring width and wood density or fiber length or between wood properties were low, and generally non significant or inconsistent. Title: Wood density and fiber length in young populus stems: relation to clone, age, growth rate, and pruning Author: Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., Harrington, C. A., DeBell, D. S. Cross-sectional disks were cut at two stem heights (1.5 m and 3.0 m) from 9-year-old trees of three Populus clones grown in an intensively-cultured plantation in western Washington. At age 1.5 years, when the trees averaged 3.4 m tall, half of the trees were pruned by removing all branches below 1.8 m. Ring width, wood density, and fiber length were measured for each ring. Pruning had no effect on mean ring width or wood properties, averaged over the entire disk or on rings produced during the 2nd through the 4th years. Averaged over all trees, wood density of the 1.5 m sample was 0.37 g cm-3 during the first 3 years, decreased somewhat at age 4 or 5, and then increased to an average of 0.45 g cm-3 at age 9. Fiber length increased from 0.57 mm at age 1 to nearly 1.0 mm at age 9. Averaged over all disks at 1.5 m, clones differed significantly in ring width, wood density, and fiber length. Mean values for the two wood properties at 3.0 m were slightly lower than those at 1.5 m and did not differ significantly among clones. Within clone correlations between ring width and wood density or fiber length or between wood properties were low, and generally non significant or inconsistent. Close

• 3. [Article] Fiber length in young hybrid Populus stems grown at extremely different rates

  Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2 7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ´ P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fiber length in young hybrid Populus stems grown at extremely different rates Author: Gartner, B. L., DeBell, J. D., DeBell, D. S. Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2 7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ´ P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; and D-01, of unknown taxonomic identity) grown in a controlled test of three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) on an irrigated and fertilized site in western Washington. In each clone, samples included a very wide range of cambial growth rates, with ring widths from 1 to 19 mm. Growth rate, expressed in several ways, had no consistent effect on fiber length within rings of the same age for rings 2 6. For ring 7, however, there were positive correlations between most growth rate measures and fiber length. Whole-disk fiber length increased with overall growth rate as measured by stem diameter; this apparent anomaly is caused by the fact that fast-growing trees have more of their basal area concentrated in rings further from the pith than do slower growing trees, and these rings have longer fibers compared with rings closer to the pith. Title: Fiber length in young hybrid Populus stems grown at extremely different rates Author: Gartner, B. L., DeBell, J. D., DeBell, D. S. Length of libriform fibers was measured in rings 2 7 at breast height in 7-year-old hybrid poplar stems from two clones (11-11, a Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ´ P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid; and D-01, of unknown taxonomic identity) grown in a controlled test of three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) on an irrigated and fertilized site in western Washington. In each clone, samples included a very wide range of cambial growth rates, with ring widths from 1 to 19 mm. Growth rate, expressed in several ways, had no consistent effect on fiber length within rings of the same age for rings 2 6. For ring 7, however, there were positive correlations between most growth rate measures and fiber length. Whole-disk fiber length increased with overall growth rate as measured by stem diameter; this apparent anomaly is caused by the fact that fast-growing trees have more of their basal area concentrated in rings further from the pith than do slower growing trees, and these rings have longer fibers compared with rings closer to the pith. Close