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• 1. [Article] The experience of southeast Asian refugee families : an exploration of family identity

  Every year thousands of families experience a major life-changing event when they are torn from their homeland and become refugees. Little is known about how the refugee experience impacts the family and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The experience of southeast Asian refugee families : an exploration of family identity Author: Lynch, Maureen Jessica Every year thousands of families experience a major life-changing event when they are torn from their homeland and become refugees. Little is known about how the refugee experience impacts the family and how members perceive it affects their sense of family identity. The construct of family identity as proposed by Bennett, Wolin, & McAvity (1988) includes: (a) family membership, (b) quality of day to day life, and (c) an elusive historical dynamic that includes recollections and beliefs about a family's past. The purpose of this study was to explore the third component, that is, how family history affects family identity. This was done by asking family members how they perceive that their experience, the discrete event of being refugees, shaped, and continues to shape, their sense of family identity. Seventeen members from ten refugee families who fled Cambodia and Vietnam and who subsequently resettled in the United States between 1975 and 1990, were interviewed. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed. Findings support the two primary components of the family identity construct as well as the existence of a third component. The experience of being a refugee influences (in both expected and unexpected ways) how members perceive their family identity. Title: The experience of southeast Asian refugee families : an exploration of family identity Author: Lynch, Maureen Jessica Every year thousands of families experience a major life-changing event when they are torn from their homeland and become refugees. Little is known about how the refugee experience impacts the family and how members perceive it affects their sense of family identity. The construct of family identity as proposed by Bennett, Wolin, & McAvity (1988) includes: (a) family membership, (b) quality of day to day life, and (c) an elusive historical dynamic that includes recollections and beliefs about a family's past. The purpose of this study was to explore the third component, that is, how family history affects family identity. This was done by asking family members how they perceive that their experience, the discrete event of being refugees, shaped, and continues to shape, their sense of family identity. Seventeen members from ten refugee families who fled Cambodia and Vietnam and who subsequently resettled in the United States between 1975 and 1990, were interviewed. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed. Findings support the two primary components of the family identity construct as well as the existence of a third component. The experience of being a refugee influences (in both expected and unexpected ways) how members perceive their family identity. Close

• 2. [Article] Housing for nuclear and single parent families : a comparison by two methods

  The vast majority of housing in the United States today has been created to conform to a family definition that does not match current demographic realities. The "traditional family" - a married couple ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Housing for nuclear and single parent families : a comparison by two methods Author: Asam, Susan Lynn The vast majority of housing in the United States today has been created to conform to a family definition that does not match current demographic realities. The "traditional family" - a married couple with an employed husband, a homemaker wife, and several children has been the model family that housing designers have strived to accommodate on a grand scale since at least the mid-1940's. This type of family, however, comprises only 10% of all American families; the remaining 90%, despite being a majority, have had their housing needs ignored. One family group often considered to be non-traditional and often left out of housing considerations is the single parent family. This family type is an established household form in the United States; currently nearly one third of all American families are single parent families, most of which are headed by women. During the past few years housing projects have begun to appear that are designed to house "non-traditional families" such as single parent families. It has been generally assumed that the spatial needs of single parent families are different from those of nuclear families or the "traditional family". This research will focus on the analysis of housing as designed for single parent families in comparison to housing as designed for the American nuclear family. Floor plans of the two housing types were obtained from the following cities: Denver, CO, Hayward, CA, Providence, RI, and Minneapolis, MN. The intent of this study is to examine what, if any, differences occur in the spatial orientation of housing designed for single parent families and housing designed for the nuclear family: the single family detached home. The study examined room layout in relation to use and commonly accepted social function. Two methods of analysis were employed: gamma analysis as developed by Hillier and Hanson and annotated analysis developed specifically for this research. The method of gamma analysis was used to determine if the housing as designed for the two family types is different in form and social function, while the annotated analysis was used to measure the "fit" of the housing for each of the family types. It was originally expected that the single parent family dwellings would exhibit a higher degree of integration than the single family detached homes based on predictions gleaned form the literature. However, the gamma analysis revealed a lower mean relative asymmetry value for the single family detached houses (0.308), indicating a higher degree of integration, than the mean relative asymmetry value for the single parent family dwellings (0.368). This difference was not found to be significant (p = 0.276). The annotated analysis results indicated single family detached houses scored a better fit to their intended family type (mean annotated analysis score = 0.638) than did the single parent family dwellings to their intended family type (mean annotated analysis score = 0.533). Again, this difference was not found to be significant (p = 0.385). The findings of this study provide a glimpse at the interior spatial arrangements of housing as designed for the two family types in question. While the results of the two analysis methods seems to indicate that the interior spatial arrangement of housing is not meeting the needs of either family type, more research should be conducted to further substantiate the findings. These findings will be of interest to designers of homes, housing developers, planners and policy makers, and researchers in the field of housing, all of whom can have an effect on the shape of the housing environment and can help make it more suitable for all family types. Title: Housing for nuclear and single parent families : a comparison by two methods Author: Asam, Susan Lynn The vast majority of housing in the United States today has been created to conform to a family definition that does not match current demographic realities. The "traditional family" - a married couple with an employed husband, a homemaker wife, and several children has been the model family that housing designers have strived to accommodate on a grand scale since at least the mid-1940's. This type of family, however, comprises only 10% of all American families; the remaining 90%, despite being a majority, have had their housing needs ignored. One family group often considered to be non-traditional and often left out of housing considerations is the single parent family. This family type is an established household form in the United States; currently nearly one third of all American families are single parent families, most of which are headed by women. During the past few years housing projects have begun to appear that are designed to house "non-traditional families" such as single parent families. It has been generally assumed that the spatial needs of single parent families are different from those of nuclear families or the "traditional family". This research will focus on the analysis of housing as designed for single parent families in comparison to housing as designed for the American nuclear family. Floor plans of the two housing types were obtained from the following cities: Denver, CO, Hayward, CA, Providence, RI, and Minneapolis, MN. The intent of this study is to examine what, if any, differences occur in the spatial orientation of housing designed for single parent families and housing designed for the nuclear family: the single family detached home. The study examined room layout in relation to use and commonly accepted social function. Two methods of analysis were employed: gamma analysis as developed by Hillier and Hanson and annotated analysis developed specifically for this research. The method of gamma analysis was used to determine if the housing as designed for the two family types is different in form and social function, while the annotated analysis was used to measure the "fit" of the housing for each of the family types. It was originally expected that the single parent family dwellings would exhibit a higher degree of integration than the single family detached homes based on predictions gleaned form the literature. However, the gamma analysis revealed a lower mean relative asymmetry value for the single family detached houses (0.308), indicating a higher degree of integration, than the mean relative asymmetry value for the single parent family dwellings (0.368). This difference was not found to be significant (p = 0.276). The annotated analysis results indicated single family detached houses scored a better fit to their intended family type (mean annotated analysis score = 0.638) than did the single parent family dwellings to their intended family type (mean annotated analysis score = 0.533). Again, this difference was not found to be significant (p = 0.385). The findings of this study provide a glimpse at the interior spatial arrangements of housing as designed for the two family types in question. While the results of the two analysis methods seems to indicate that the interior spatial arrangement of housing is not meeting the needs of either family type, more research should be conducted to further substantiate the findings. These findings will be of interest to designers of homes, housing developers, planners and policy makers, and researchers in the field of housing, all of whom can have an effect on the shape of the housing environment and can help make it more suitable for all family types. 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• 3. [Article] Linking generations : the family legacies of older Armenian mothers

  Families stay connected over time through the intergenerational transmission of legacies. Legacies help family members to articulate family identity, learn more about family history, and provide succeeding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Linking generations : the family legacies of older Armenian mothers Author: Manoogian, Margaret M. Families stay connected over time through the intergenerational transmission of legacies. Legacies help family members to articulate family identity, learn more about family history, and provide succeeding generations with information about family culture and ethnicity. This qualitative study examines how older mothers transmit family meanings, history, and culture to family members through legacies and how ethnic histories influenced this process. Thirty older Armenian American mothers residing in California were interviewed. A life course perspective provides the overarching framework for analysis. Participants described the legacies they received and those they planned to pass on to family members. Emphasis was given to those legacies that symbolized connection to family, underscored family cohesion, and accentuated Armenian cultural roots. Individual age, larger historical events, and the gendered construction of family life influenced both the receipt of legacies and those that were passed on to family members. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Armenian families were forced to leave their native homeland. Because of these events, Armenian families passed few physical legacies on to family members. Legacies took on other forms such as stories, rituals, family gatherings, religious participation, cooking, and service to others. Women viewed their legacies within the context of motherhood and worked to ensure that certain legacies would be valued and remembered by future generations. Shaped by age, generational position, and ethnic identity, women expressed variation in types of legacies and the ways they planned to share them with family members. Women reported tension when certain legacies lacked meaning for their children (in-law) and grandchildren due to the influences of assimilation, intermarriage, changes in family and paid work patterns, and the characteristics and interests of adult children. A focus on legacies provides a useful lens for understanding how families transmit family identity, culture, and ethnicity to succeeding generations. Title: Linking generations : the family legacies of older Armenian mothers Author: Manoogian, Margaret M. Families stay connected over time through the intergenerational transmission of legacies. Legacies help family members to articulate family identity, learn more about family history, and provide succeeding generations with information about family culture and ethnicity. This qualitative study examines how older mothers transmit family meanings, history, and culture to family members through legacies and how ethnic histories influenced this process. Thirty older Armenian American mothers residing in California were interviewed. A life course perspective provides the overarching framework for analysis. Participants described the legacies they received and those they planned to pass on to family members. Emphasis was given to those legacies that symbolized connection to family, underscored family cohesion, and accentuated Armenian cultural roots. Individual age, larger historical events, and the gendered construction of family life influenced both the receipt of legacies and those that were passed on to family members. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Armenian families were forced to leave their native homeland. Because of these events, Armenian families passed few physical legacies on to family members. Legacies took on other forms such as stories, rituals, family gatherings, religious participation, cooking, and service to others. Women viewed their legacies within the context of motherhood and worked to ensure that certain legacies would be valued and remembered by future generations. Shaped by age, generational position, and ethnic identity, women expressed variation in types of legacies and the ways they planned to share them with family members. Women reported tension when certain legacies lacked meaning for their children (in-law) and grandchildren due to the influences of assimilation, intermarriage, changes in family and paid work patterns, and the characteristics and interests of adult children. A focus on legacies provides a useful lens for understanding how families transmit family identity, culture, and ethnicity to succeeding generations. Close

• 4. [Article] A Validation Study of the Family Environment Scale: Family Incongruence Score

  This study investigated the validity of the family incongruence score, a statistic which quantifies the discrepancies between family members' perceptions of their family system using answers given on the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Validation Study of the Family Environment Scale: Family Incongruence Score Author: Neale, Linda Joanne Year: 1978 This study investigated the validity of the family incongruence score, a statistic which quantifies the discrepancies between family members' perceptions of their family system using answers given on the Family Environment Scale. Based on findings concerning incongruence in other environments, it was hypothesized that high family incongruence scores would be associated with more problems in the family system. Title: A Validation Study of the Family Environment Scale: Family Incongruence Score Author: Neale, Linda Joanne Year: 1978 This study investigated the validity of the family incongruence score, a statistic which quantifies the discrepancies between family members' perceptions of their family system using answers given on the Family Environment Scale. Based on findings concerning incongruence in other environments, it was hypothesized that high family incongruence scores would be associated with more problems in the family system. Close

• 5. [Article] Achievement as a family theme in drama

  The development and maintenance of a family achievement theme was analyzed using two dramas: Long Day's Journey Into Night by Eugene O'Neill and A Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Three propositions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Achievement as a family theme in drama Author: Gray, Cecilia D. The development and maintenance of a family achievement theme was analyzed using two dramas: Long Day's Journey Into Night by Eugene O'Neill and A Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Three propositions were tested: 1) The development of a family achievement theme involves a transaction between individual personality needs and cultural values; 2) Establishing and maintaining a family achievement theme involves a series of transactions between husband and wife; and 3) Continuity of the achievement theme is maintained through parent-parent, parent-child and sibling interaction. Results indicated the presence of a strong achievement need in the husband-father and various manifestations of the same need in all family members. Family interaction patterns revealed continual support of the theme over time. An analysis of the results revealed that 1) personality need and social role demands encouraged the development of the theme, and 2) family members influenced and were influenced by the theme as they attempted to meet their psycho-social needs in the family group. The need was so strong that other needs generally met through family interaction we re neglected. Future analyses of drama might focus on other factors contributing to theme development, other concepts and propositions delineating family interaction, and other dramas with family themes. The propositions developed might be used in analyzing case studies of family behavior. Title: Achievement as a family theme in drama Author: Gray, Cecilia D. The development and maintenance of a family achievement theme was analyzed using two dramas: Long Day's Journey Into Night by Eugene O'Neill and A Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Three propositions were tested: 1) The development of a family achievement theme involves a transaction between individual personality needs and cultural values; 2) Establishing and maintaining a family achievement theme involves a series of transactions between husband and wife; and 3) Continuity of the achievement theme is maintained through parent-parent, parent-child and sibling interaction. Results indicated the presence of a strong achievement need in the husband-father and various manifestations of the same need in all family members. Family interaction patterns revealed continual support of the theme over time. An analysis of the results revealed that 1) personality need and social role demands encouraged the development of the theme, and 2) family members influenced and were influenced by the theme as they attempted to meet their psycho-social needs in the family group. The need was so strong that other needs generally met through family interaction we re neglected. Future analyses of drama might focus on other factors contributing to theme development, other concepts and propositions delineating family interaction, and other dramas with family themes. The propositions developed might be used in analyzing case studies of family behavior. Close

• 6. [Article] An integrated systems framework for analyzing family business planning

  The purpose of this research study was to create an integrated systems framework to analyze the planning process in family businesses. The model was developed from a literature review of family study, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An integrated systems framework for analyzing family business planning Author: Legler, James Richard The purpose of this research study was to create an integrated systems framework to analyze the planning process in family businesses. The model was developed from a literature review of family study, organizational development, and family business research. Major components of the family business planning process were identified. A systems framework for examining family business planning was proposed. A fieldwork research plan was designed using a case study of a family business. The data collected in the case study analysis were used to explain the functioning of the model. The research data were organized within a proposed seven-stage model consisting of Facilitating Conditions, Assessment, Issue Identification, Reconciliation, Congruence, Specific Plan Development, and Plan Output. Individual congruence profiles were developed in relation to family member goal attainment and family business goal attainment. A summary congruence model was presented describing a composite congruence of all family members within the family business. The proposed planning structure provided an effective means of assessing a family business. The congruency structure was instrumental in determining whether the goals of the business and the individual family members were congruent. The model was refined through the use of the case study. Title: An integrated systems framework for analyzing family business planning Author: Legler, James Richard The purpose of this research study was to create an integrated systems framework to analyze the planning process in family businesses. The model was developed from a literature review of family study, organizational development, and family business research. Major components of the family business planning process were identified. A systems framework for examining family business planning was proposed. A fieldwork research plan was designed using a case study of a family business. The data collected in the case study analysis were used to explain the functioning of the model. The research data were organized within a proposed seven-stage model consisting of Facilitating Conditions, Assessment, Issue Identification, Reconciliation, Congruence, Specific Plan Development, and Plan Output. Individual congruence profiles were developed in relation to family member goal attainment and family business goal attainment. A summary congruence model was presented describing a composite congruence of all family members within the family business. The proposed planning structure provided an effective means of assessing a family business. The congruency structure was instrumental in determining whether the goals of the business and the individual family members were congruent. The model was refined through the use of the case study. Close

• 7. [Article] Compulsive-addictive buying behavior : exploring effects of chilhood experiences and family types

  This exploratory study investigates the probable causes of compulsive-addictive buying behavior, employs the family system's theory developed by Constantine (1986) as a theoretical framework, and develops ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Compulsive-addictive buying behavior : exploring effects of chilhood experiences and family types Author: Friese, Susanne, 1967- This exploratory study investigates the probable causes of compulsive-addictive buying behavior, employs the family system's theory developed by Constantine (1986) as a theoretical framework, and develops an appropriate measuring scale in order to classify individuals according to family types. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of childhood and family experiences on this phenomenon which is emerging in industrialized nations, and to explore the question of whether individuals raised in different family types are more or less likely to become addictive buyers. A questionnaire was administered to 52 clients of the Consumer Credit Counseling Services, in Oregon and Washington, investigating the degree of buying addiction and the family background. In addition, 14 personal interviews provided more detailed information about the family situations of the addicted consumers. No significant difference was found between individuals belonging to a particular family type and their degree of addictive buying behavior, although the mean rank on the addictive buying scale was highest for individuals raised in a closed family and lowest for individuals raised in a random family. A positive relationship was found between five pairs of variables; 1) addictive buying behavior and family discord, 2) addictive buying behavior and obsessive-compulsive personality traits, 3) obsessive-compulsive personality traits and family discord, 4) addictive behavioral tendencies of the subjects' parents and addictive buying behavior of the subjects themselves, and 5) childhood experiences, such as the suppression of feelings, especially the suppression of negative feelings, and high expectations by parents which could not be fulfilled, were associated with a high level of family discord. A high score on the family discord scale indicates that a person perceives his/her parental family life as unpleasant. This was particularly prevalent for individuals raised in a closed family. The results of the study suggest that the development of addictive buying tendencies is influenced by family and childhood experiences and that addicted shoppers often face severe psychological difficulties. Personal interviews also supported these results. The findings indicate that individuals raised in a closed family type are more likely to experience their family lives as less pleasant and more disturbing which may contribute to the development of behavioral problems. Title: Compulsive-addictive buying behavior : exploring effects of chilhood experiences and family types Author: Friese, Susanne, 1967- This exploratory study investigates the probable causes of compulsive-addictive buying behavior, employs the family system's theory developed by Constantine (1986) as a theoretical framework, and develops an appropriate measuring scale in order to classify individuals according to family types. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of childhood and family experiences on this phenomenon which is emerging in industrialized nations, and to explore the question of whether individuals raised in different family types are more or less likely to become addictive buyers. A questionnaire was administered to 52 clients of the Consumer Credit Counseling Services, in Oregon and Washington, investigating the degree of buying addiction and the family background. In addition, 14 personal interviews provided more detailed information about the family situations of the addicted consumers. No significant difference was found between individuals belonging to a particular family type and their degree of addictive buying behavior, although the mean rank on the addictive buying scale was highest for individuals raised in a closed family and lowest for individuals raised in a random family. A positive relationship was found between five pairs of variables; 1) addictive buying behavior and family discord, 2) addictive buying behavior and obsessive-compulsive personality traits, 3) obsessive-compulsive personality traits and family discord, 4) addictive behavioral tendencies of the subjects' parents and addictive buying behavior of the subjects themselves, and 5) childhood experiences, such as the suppression of feelings, especially the suppression of negative feelings, and high expectations by parents which could not be fulfilled, were associated with a high level of family discord. A high score on the family discord scale indicates that a person perceives his/her parental family life as unpleasant. This was particularly prevalent for individuals raised in a closed family. The results of the study suggest that the development of addictive buying tendencies is influenced by family and childhood experiences and that addicted shoppers often face severe psychological difficulties. Personal interviews also supported these results. The findings indicate that individuals raised in a closed family type are more likely to experience their family lives as less pleasant and more disturbing which may contribute to the development of behavioral problems. Close

• 8. [Article] Effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios

  The effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios over a three-year time period were investigated. Specifically, this study attempted to conceptually ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios Author: Xiao, Jing-jian The effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios over a three-year time period were investigated. Specifically, this study attempted to conceptually define mental accounts, to identify own-adjustment and cross-adjustment characteristics of these mental accounts, to explore influences of selected family characteristics on these mental accounts, and to examine substantial effects of income on family portfolio behavior. Based on the behavioral life-cycle hypothesis, consumer demand theory, household production theory, and the stock adjustment hypothesis, a family portfolio behavior model was formulated for studying family saving behavior as reflected in household asset portfolios. A tobit model was utilized to estimate own- and cross-adjustment coefficients of the portfolio components, and short-term and equilibrium effects of family characteristics. The data were from the Survey of Consumer Finances conducted in 1983 and 1986. Findings strongly support the mental account hierarchy hypothesis which was reflected in the own- and cross-adjustment coefficients estimated. In addition, family income and education of the household head showed positive influences on various mental accounts. Age of the household head, employment status, family life cycle stage, house mortgage, home value, other assets, and other debts showed effects on some mental accounts. Income had a substantial influence on family portfolio behavior. The behavior of middle-income families was more consistent with the hypothesis of a mental account hierarchy than the other income groups, which implies diverse preferences for asset characteristics and varying financial needs of families at different income levels. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge of family saving behavior and increased the understanding of adaptivity and dynamics of family saving behavior. The research findings could be utilized by family finance educators and consultants, financial service marketers, and public policy makers in working successfully with different family types, marketing various financial instruments, and designing effective savings policies. In addition, this study has provided empirical evidence to assess existing theoretical models and to inspire the building of new theories. Title: Effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios Author: Xiao, Jing-jian The effects of selected family characteristics on interrelated components of household asset portfolios over a three-year time period were investigated. Specifically, this study attempted to conceptually define mental accounts, to identify own-adjustment and cross-adjustment characteristics of these mental accounts, to explore influences of selected family characteristics on these mental accounts, and to examine substantial effects of income on family portfolio behavior. Based on the behavioral life-cycle hypothesis, consumer demand theory, household production theory, and the stock adjustment hypothesis, a family portfolio behavior model was formulated for studying family saving behavior as reflected in household asset portfolios. A tobit model was utilized to estimate own- and cross-adjustment coefficients of the portfolio components, and short-term and equilibrium effects of family characteristics. The data were from the Survey of Consumer Finances conducted in 1983 and 1986. Findings strongly support the mental account hierarchy hypothesis which was reflected in the own- and cross-adjustment coefficients estimated. In addition, family income and education of the household head showed positive influences on various mental accounts. Age of the household head, employment status, family life cycle stage, house mortgage, home value, other assets, and other debts showed effects on some mental accounts. Income had a substantial influence on family portfolio behavior. The behavior of middle-income families was more consistent with the hypothesis of a mental account hierarchy than the other income groups, which implies diverse preferences for asset characteristics and varying financial needs of families at different income levels. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge of family saving behavior and increased the understanding of adaptivity and dynamics of family saving behavior. The research findings could be utilized by family finance educators and consultants, financial service marketers, and public policy makers in working successfully with different family types, marketing various financial instruments, and designing effective savings policies. In addition, this study has provided empirical evidence to assess existing theoretical models and to inspire the building of new theories. Close

• 9. [Article] Family Connections Research Capsules

  Family Connections Oregon (FCO) was a three-year demonstration project funded by the Children’s Bureau in which a co-located coordinator provided a package of services - intensive family finding and engagement, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Family Connections Research Capsules Author: Center for Improvement of Child and Family Services Year: 2015 Family Connections Oregon (FCO) was a three-year demonstration project funded by the Children’s Bureau in which a co-located coordinator provided a package of services - intensive family finding and engagement, family group conferencing, and follow-up - within the first 60 days of a child’s out-of-home placement. These practices are continuing in Oregon through a IV-E waiver demonstration project called Leveraging Intensive Family Engagement (LIFE). The Research Capsules associated with this project are included in this record. Title: Family Connections Research Capsules Author: Center for Improvement of Child and Family Services Year: 2015 Family Connections Oregon (FCO) was a three-year demonstration project funded by the Children’s Bureau in which a co-located coordinator provided a package of services - intensive family finding and engagement, family group conferencing, and follow-up - within the first 60 days of a child’s out-of-home placement. These practices are continuing in Oregon through a IV-E waiver demonstration project called Leveraging Intensive Family Engagement (LIFE). The Research Capsules associated with this project are included in this record. Close

• 10. [Article] An investigation of the combined effect of agency support and professional social workers' training on the type of family therapy practiced by agency-based social workers

  All persons are born into some form of family unit. The traditional family is a unit of people who live together over periods of time and have ties of marriage and kinship. Even if that unit is separated, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An investigation of the combined effect of agency support and professional social workers' training on the type of family therapy practiced by agency-based social workers Author: McCartor, Betsy Marsh, Labby, Margaret Year: 1977 All persons are born into some form of family unit. The traditional family is a unit of people who live together over periods of time and have ties of marriage and kinship. Even if that unit is separated, as in death or adoption, qualities of one’s personhood are closely connected with forebears and parents. Whether for good or bad, the family profoundly affects the individual. The family is an important unit. Many stresses impinge upon it. The church and extended family are less influential on the family today. The school is less influential. Where does the family turn for support? Social agencies have become the source for low cost aid for the family. The following study explores the extent to which social agencies provide this support for families in this community. Title: An investigation of the combined effect of agency support and professional social workers' training on the type of family therapy practiced by agency-based social workers Author: McCartor, Betsy Marsh, Labby, Margaret Year: 1977 All persons are born into some form of family unit. The traditional family is a unit of people who live together over periods of time and have ties of marriage and kinship. Even if that unit is separated, as in death or adoption, qualities of one’s personhood are closely connected with forebears and parents. Whether for good or bad, the family profoundly affects the individual. The family is an important unit. Many stresses impinge upon it. The church and extended family are less influential on the family today. The school is less influential. Where does the family turn for support? Social agencies have become the source for low cost aid for the family. The following study explores the extent to which social agencies provide this support for families in this community. Close