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• 881. [Article] Price Control, Profiteering, and Public Cooperation: The Lagos Market Women's Association and the Limits of Colonial Control

  With the outbreak of WWII, British colonial officials in Nigeria attempted to implement food price controls, and later direct colonial food distribution, known as the Pullen scheme. These regulations extended ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Price Control, Profiteering, and Public Cooperation: The Lagos Market Women's Association and the Limits of Colonial Control Author: Kamm, Emily Year: 2016 With the outbreak of WWII, British colonial officials in Nigeria attempted to implement food price controls, and later direct colonial food distribution, known as the Pullen scheme. These regulations extended the element of colonial control into the food marketplace, which was dominated by independent traders, the vast majority of whom were women. Through protests, petitions, and intentional non-cooperation, the Lagos Market Women's Association defended their ability to earn a living and their ability to operate without colonial intervention. This study examines the Pullen scheme and the LMWA's resistance through the framework of the limits of colonial control as they attempted to standardize and "rationalize" the African economic sphere, and the gendered implications of that attempt. Title: Price Control, Profiteering, and Public Cooperation: The Lagos Market Women's Association and the Limits of Colonial Control Author: Kamm, Emily Year: 2016 With the outbreak of WWII, British colonial officials in Nigeria attempted to implement food price controls, and later direct colonial food distribution, known as the Pullen scheme. These regulations extended the element of colonial control into the food marketplace, which was dominated by independent traders, the vast majority of whom were women. Through protests, petitions, and intentional non-cooperation, the Lagos Market Women's Association defended their ability to earn a living and their ability to operate without colonial intervention. This study examines the Pullen scheme and the LMWA's resistance through the framework of the limits of colonial control as they attempted to standardize and "rationalize" the African economic sphere, and the gendered implications of that attempt. Close

• 882. [Article] Internet – How do we build trust?

  The Internet, which is a global and complex infrastructure, is a mechanism for information sharing and a medium for exchanging information irrespective of geographical location. It has revolutionized today’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Internet – How do we build trust? Author: Roy, Agnimitra Year: 2005 The Internet, which is a global and complex infrastructure, is a mechanism for information sharing and a medium for exchanging information irrespective of geographical location. It has revolutionized today’s world by taking communication and information technology to great heights. Although new opportunities/technology like the worldwide web, electronic mail, discussion board and newsgroups have been created there is some level of unpredictable fear as well. Changes will introduce new services of real time transport like audio and video streams, powerful computing and communications like two-way pagers and cellular phones and new applications like Internet telephones and televisions. Trust, authentication and security are aspects that will come to the forefront more and more as these compelling end-user capabilities gain popularity. In this paper, we address security issues both from a technical as well as from a regulation point of view and try to consolidate and present factors involved in developing trust in Internet commerce. We identify and clarify old and emerging concepts and consider how regulating the Internet as public space highlights/brings up public policies of the future regarding Internet governance. Title: Internet – How do we build trust? Author: Roy, Agnimitra Year: 2005 The Internet, which is a global and complex infrastructure, is a mechanism for information sharing and a medium for exchanging information irrespective of geographical location. It has revolutionized today’s world by taking communication and information technology to great heights. Although new opportunities/technology like the worldwide web, electronic mail, discussion board and newsgroups have been created there is some level of unpredictable fear as well. Changes will introduce new services of real time transport like audio and video streams, powerful computing and communications like two-way pagers and cellular phones and new applications like Internet telephones and televisions. Trust, authentication and security are aspects that will come to the forefront more and more as these compelling end-user capabilities gain popularity. In this paper, we address security issues both from a technical as well as from a regulation point of view and try to consolidate and present factors involved in developing trust in Internet commerce. We identify and clarify old and emerging concepts and consider how regulating the Internet as public space highlights/brings up public policies of the future regarding Internet governance. Close

• 883. [Article] Gentrification and Displacement Study: Implementing an Equitable Inclusive Development Strategy in the Context of Gentrification

  This study focuses on the effects on the housing market, particularly the loss of affordable housing. It builds upon earlier studies to consider a broader interpretation of displacement that encompasses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gentrification and Displacement Study: Implementing an Equitable Inclusive Development Strategy in the Context of Gentrification Author: Bates, Lisa K. Year: 2013 This study focuses on the effects on the housing market, particularly the loss of affordable housing. It builds upon earlier studies to consider a broader interpretation of displacement that encompasses not just when a household is forced to move by conditions that affect the dwelling, but also to take into account changes in the neighborhood as a whole. These neighborhood changes can result in a neighborhood’s inability to provide basic services that make it impossible to continue residency as a “voluntary” response. Housing in Portland is almost exclusively produced by the private sector, with a limited public sector role through regulation, incentives, and some direct construction. The study recommends a market-conscious approach to gentrification embracing new principles that allow for: An inclusive development paradigm with a racial/ethnic equity lens. A recognition of how public investments affect the private market. Ways to anticipate housing demand and market changes. Options for utilizing the public sector to regulate and engage a range of private development and community actors to minimize the effect Title: Gentrification and Displacement Study: Implementing an Equitable Inclusive Development Strategy in the Context of Gentrification Author: Bates, Lisa K. Year: 2013 This study focuses on the effects on the housing market, particularly the loss of affordable housing. It builds upon earlier studies to consider a broader interpretation of displacement that encompasses not just when a household is forced to move by conditions that affect the dwelling, but also to take into account changes in the neighborhood as a whole. These neighborhood changes can result in a neighborhood’s inability to provide basic services that make it impossible to continue residency as a “voluntary” response. Housing in Portland is almost exclusively produced by the private sector, with a limited public sector role through regulation, incentives, and some direct construction. The study recommends a market-conscious approach to gentrification embracing new principles that allow for: An inclusive development paradigm with a racial/ethnic equity lens. A recognition of how public investments affect the private market. Ways to anticipate housing demand and market changes. Options for utilizing the public sector to regulate and engage a range of private development and community actors to minimize the effect Close

• 884. [Article] Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Close

• 885. [Article] Potential gains from trading bad outputs: The case of U.S. electric power plants

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential gains from trading bad outputs: The case of U.S. electric power plants Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Pasurka, Carl A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/resource-and-energy-economics/. Title: Potential gains from trading bad outputs: The case of U.S. electric power plants Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Pasurka, Carl A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/resource-and-energy-economics/. Close

• 886. [Article] The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes

  The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes Author: Hutniczak, Barbara, Vestergaard, Niels The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high level of overcapacity. The goal is to model fishermen’s expectations and likely responses to the government initiated transition to a sustainable fishery. The question the paper aims to answer is: to what degree anticipation of policy change may be delaying the fleet restructuring process. The investigated setting includes direct intervention in the form of a time‐limited buyback program and two scenarios regarding future regulations. In the first, the fishery continues under Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQs). In the second scenario, introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) is expected in the near future. Under a rationality assumption, the exit decision depends on the expected sum of discounted profits in comparison with the single buyback payment. The profits in turn depend on expectations regarding the form of the quota that may become a valuable asset in the future. The paper uses a restricted profit function approach. The advantage of the developed model is its flexibility with respect to the multispecies and multigear character of the fishing industry. An application is provided for the Polish trawler fleet targeting primarily cod. Title: The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes Author: Hutniczak, Barbara, Vestergaard, Niels The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high level of overcapacity. The goal is to model fishermen’s expectations and likely responses to the government initiated transition to a sustainable fishery. The question the paper aims to answer is: to what degree anticipation of policy change may be delaying the fleet restructuring process. The investigated setting includes direct intervention in the form of a time‐limited buyback program and two scenarios regarding future regulations. In the first, the fishery continues under Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQs). In the second scenario, introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) is expected in the near future. Under a rationality assumption, the exit decision depends on the expected sum of discounted profits in comparison with the single buyback payment. The profits in turn depend on expectations regarding the form of the quota that may become a valuable asset in the future. The paper uses a restricted profit function approach. The advantage of the developed model is its flexibility with respect to the multispecies and multigear character of the fishing industry. An application is provided for the Polish trawler fleet targeting primarily cod. Close

• 887. [Article] Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs Author: Spagnolo, Massimo Research Paper Title: Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs Author: Spagnolo, Massimo Research Paper Close

• 888. [Article] A Regulatory History of New Zealand's Quota Management System: setting targets, defining and allocating quota

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Regulatory History of New Zealand's Quota Management System: setting targets, defining and allocating quota Author: Hendy, Jo, Kerr, Suzi, Straker, Gina Research Paper Title: A Regulatory History of New Zealand's Quota Management System: setting targets, defining and allocating quota Author: Hendy, Jo, Kerr, Suzi, Straker, Gina Research Paper Close

• 889. [Article] The rate-based paper detection of vanillin and m-cresol using a colorimetric tyrosinase mediated chitosan-quinone reaction

  Monitoring the concentration of phenolic compounds is important for environmental regulation, health diagnostics, and bioenergy fermentation. Vanillin is a phenol compound used as a food flavoring that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The rate-based paper detection of vanillin and m-cresol using a colorimetric tyrosinase mediated chitosan-quinone reaction Author: Hinson, Dylan Monitoring the concentration of phenolic compounds is important for environmental regulation, health diagnostics, and bioenergy fermentation. Vanillin is a phenol compound used as a food flavoring that can cause allergies and inhibits biofuel production. The phenol m-cresol is a toxic compound that is regulated in the environment and in human health. A device can be created to semi-quantitatively determine the concentration of these compounds using a colored reaction that occurs when the phenol compounds are converted into quinones by the enzyme tyrosinase and then subsequently react with chitosan. As the concentration of phenol increases, the color intensity of the quinone-chitosan reaction product increases, allowing for a simple correlation between end point color intensity and phenol concentration. Since tyrosinase is an enzyme, its conversion rate increases with increased substrate. Therefor the rate of signal formation can also be used as a metric for determining the concentration of phenols present. The difference in rates at different concentrations can be used as another, more sensitive metric of concentration determination. It was found that vanillin could not be detected with the tyrosinase mediated quinone-chitosan reaction. m-Cresol was detected with the tyrosinase mediated quinone-chitosan reaction and a lower limit of detection was achieved by using the rate of signal generation as a metric over the end point concentration reading. Title: The rate-based paper detection of vanillin and m-cresol using a colorimetric tyrosinase mediated chitosan-quinone reaction Author: Hinson, Dylan Monitoring the concentration of phenolic compounds is important for environmental regulation, health diagnostics, and bioenergy fermentation. Vanillin is a phenol compound used as a food flavoring that can cause allergies and inhibits biofuel production. The phenol m-cresol is a toxic compound that is regulated in the environment and in human health. A device can be created to semi-quantitatively determine the concentration of these compounds using a colored reaction that occurs when the phenol compounds are converted into quinones by the enzyme tyrosinase and then subsequently react with chitosan. As the concentration of phenol increases, the color intensity of the quinone-chitosan reaction product increases, allowing for a simple correlation between end point color intensity and phenol concentration. Since tyrosinase is an enzyme, its conversion rate increases with increased substrate. Therefor the rate of signal formation can also be used as a metric for determining the concentration of phenols present. The difference in rates at different concentrations can be used as another, more sensitive metric of concentration determination. It was found that vanillin could not be detected with the tyrosinase mediated quinone-chitosan reaction. m-Cresol was detected with the tyrosinase mediated quinone-chitosan reaction and a lower limit of detection was achieved by using the rate of signal generation as a metric over the end point concentration reading. Close

• 890. [Article] Antimicrobial Production in Burkholderia thailandensis

  Burkholderia thailandensis is a soil-dwelling bacterium that has been proven to produce antimicrobial compounds. We are interested in understanding how B. thailandensis regulates production of these compounds ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Antimicrobial Production in Burkholderia thailandensis Author: Cook, Jonathan, Johnson, Stephanie R., Majercyzjk, Charlotte, Ball, Patrick Burkholderia thailandensis is a soil-dwelling bacterium that has been proven to produce antimicrobial compounds. We are interested in understanding how B. thailandensis regulates production of these compounds and also hope to identify and characterize novel bacterial factors that possess antimicrobial activity. In our research, we use a variety of methods including disc diffusion assays, competition experiments, and mutational analysis to investigate the genes responsible for the antimicrobial activity of B. thailandensis. The current research reports the presence of a previously undescribed diffusible antimicrobial factor produced by B. thailandensis. We have yet to identify the chemical nature of this factor or the genes responsible for its production. However, this factor is removed or inactivated by filter sterilization. We tested if cell-to-cell communication and a selection of candidate secondary metabolites are associated with this antimicrobial factor. The BtaR1 regulator for bacterial communication may control antimicrobial activity, but we do not believe it to be a different factor. Additionally, mutations in known BtaR1-controlled secondary metabolites do not influence antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis in our assays. Moving forward with this project we will continue to investigate the genes responsible for producing antimicrobial compounds by testing mutant strains of B. thailandensis. We hope to isolate and further characterize the antimicrobial factor(s). Title: Antimicrobial Production in Burkholderia thailandensis Author: Cook, Jonathan, Johnson, Stephanie R., Majercyzjk, Charlotte, Ball, Patrick Burkholderia thailandensis is a soil-dwelling bacterium that has been proven to produce antimicrobial compounds. We are interested in understanding how B. thailandensis regulates production of these compounds and also hope to identify and characterize novel bacterial factors that possess antimicrobial activity. In our research, we use a variety of methods including disc diffusion assays, competition experiments, and mutational analysis to investigate the genes responsible for the antimicrobial activity of B. thailandensis. The current research reports the presence of a previously undescribed diffusible antimicrobial factor produced by B. thailandensis. We have yet to identify the chemical nature of this factor or the genes responsible for its production. However, this factor is removed or inactivated by filter sterilization. We tested if cell-to-cell communication and a selection of candidate secondary metabolites are associated with this antimicrobial factor. The BtaR1 regulator for bacterial communication may control antimicrobial activity, but we do not believe it to be a different factor. Additionally, mutations in known BtaR1-controlled secondary metabolites do not influence antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis in our assays. Moving forward with this project we will continue to investigate the genes responsible for producing antimicrobial compounds by testing mutant strains of B. thailandensis. We hope to isolate and further characterize the antimicrobial factor(s). Close