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• 821. [Article] Are Fishers Better or Worse Off from a Swordfish Fishery Closure? -- An Endogenous Switching Model for the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Are Fishers Better or Worse Off from a Swordfish Fishery Closure? -- An Endogenous Switching Model for the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries Author: Ming, Timothy Abstract only. Title: Are Fishers Better or Worse Off from a Swordfish Fishery Closure? -- An Endogenous Switching Model for the Hawaii-based Longline Fisheries Author: Ming, Timothy Abstract only. Close

• 822. [Article] Market Interactions between Aquaculture and Common-Property Fisheries: Examining the Empirical Evidence from the Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon Fishery in Alaska

  The impressive growth of world aquaculture has led to profound transformations in the economic structure of several capture fisheries. Evidence from the Alaska salmon fisheries supports this argument as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market Interactions between Aquaculture and Common-Property Fisheries: Examining the Empirical Evidence from the Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon Fishery in Alaska Author: Valderrama, Diego, Anderson, James The impressive growth of world aquaculture has led to profound transformations in the economic structure of several capture fisheries. Evidence from the Alaska salmon fisheries supports this argument as a connection has been suggested between the recent trends of declining ex-vessel prices and the rapid development of salmon farming elsewhere in the world. In Bristol Bay, home of the largest sockeye salmon runs in the globe, participation in the limited-entry fishery has declined by approximately 20% since 2001. Likewise, permit market values have plummeted to historic low levels, with economic conditions not likely to improve significantly in the mid-term future. To examine this problem, we develop a formal analytical framework for the study of market interactions between a limited-entry fishery and an aquaculture sector. We adapt the model of regulated open-access developed by Homans and Wilen to examine the implications of aquaculture development on the actions of fishermen and the regulatory sector in a restricted-access setting. Results indicate that the emergence of a low-cost aquaculture sector brings about important structural changes in the restricted-access fishery, rendering limited-entry regulations irrelevant as participation rates decline due to the falling prices. An important implication is that, despite the limited-entry constraint, the fishery moves to an institutional arrangement closer to regulated open access, with resource rents drastically reduced. Model predictions are compared with the empirical evidence available from the Bristol Bay sockeye fishery. The advantages of cooperative management relative to the current competitive structure of the fishery are highlighted. Title: Market Interactions between Aquaculture and Common-Property Fisheries: Examining the Empirical Evidence from the Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon Fishery in Alaska Author: Valderrama, Diego, Anderson, James The impressive growth of world aquaculture has led to profound transformations in the economic structure of several capture fisheries. Evidence from the Alaska salmon fisheries supports this argument as a connection has been suggested between the recent trends of declining ex-vessel prices and the rapid development of salmon farming elsewhere in the world. In Bristol Bay, home of the largest sockeye salmon runs in the globe, participation in the limited-entry fishery has declined by approximately 20% since 2001. Likewise, permit market values have plummeted to historic low levels, with economic conditions not likely to improve significantly in the mid-term future. To examine this problem, we develop a formal analytical framework for the study of market interactions between a limited-entry fishery and an aquaculture sector. We adapt the model of regulated open-access developed by Homans and Wilen to examine the implications of aquaculture development on the actions of fishermen and the regulatory sector in a restricted-access setting. Results indicate that the emergence of a low-cost aquaculture sector brings about important structural changes in the restricted-access fishery, rendering limited-entry regulations irrelevant as participation rates decline due to the falling prices. An important implication is that, despite the limited-entry constraint, the fishery moves to an institutional arrangement closer to regulated open access, with resource rents drastically reduced. Model predictions are compared with the empirical evidence available from the Bristol Bay sockeye fishery. The advantages of cooperative management relative to the current competitive structure of the fishery are highlighted. Close

• 823. [Article] The Gac regulon of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Gac regulon of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Author: de Bruijn, Irene, Loper, Joyce E., Raaijmakers, Jos M., Cheng, Xu, van der Voort, Menno To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ and Society for Applied Microbiology (http://www.sfam.org.uk/). Title: The Gac regulon of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Author: de Bruijn, Irene, Loper, Joyce E., Raaijmakers, Jos M., Cheng, Xu, van der Voort, Menno To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Wiley-Blackwell and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ and Society for Applied Microbiology (http://www.sfam.org.uk/). Close

• 824. [Article] The effect of zinc limitation on the transcriptome of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of zinc limitation on the transcriptome of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 Author: Loper, Joyce E., Penesyan, Anahit, Paulsen, Ian T., Lim, Chee Kent, Hassan, Karl A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/. Title: The effect of zinc limitation on the transcriptome of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 Author: Loper, Joyce E., Penesyan, Anahit, Paulsen, Ian T., Lim, Chee Kent, Hassan, Karl A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The published article is copyrighted by Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd. and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/. Close

• 825. [Article] The sustainability of timber production from Eastern Amazonian forests

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The sustainability of timber production from Eastern Amazonian forests Author: Vidal, Edson, Carter, Douglas R., Macpherson, Alexander J., Schulze, Mark D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: The sustainability of timber production from Eastern Amazonian forests Author: Vidal, Edson, Carter, Douglas R., Macpherson, Alexander J., Schulze, Mark D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 826. [Article] Tradable Effort Permits: A Case Study of the Florida Spiny Lobster Trap Certificate Program

  The Florida spiny lobster trap certificate program (TCP) is one of the oldest U.S. fisheries programs involving tradable effort permits. Under the TCP, fishers must own a certificate (and pay an associated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tradable Effort Permits: A Case Study of the Florida Spiny Lobster Trap Certificate Program Author: Larkin, Sherry L., Milon, J. Walter Year: 2001 The Florida spiny lobster trap certificate program (TCP) is one of the oldest U.S. fisheries programs involving tradable effort permits. Under the TCP, fishers must own a certificate (and pay an associated annual fee) for each trap used. The program was created in 1992 to address overcapitalization amid growing social conflict in the fishery due to open-access regulation. Consequently, the total number of certificates (effort) is periodically reduced. However, no terminal effort level was designated so an intense debate has developed over future reductions. A bioeconomic analysis revealed that the current effort level (which is 34% below the initial level) remains approximately three times higher than even the most liberal estimate of “optimal” effort (i.e., effort that would generate the maximum economic yield). An analysis of the certificate market also indicated that prices have not approached levels reflecting the net present value of rents at the optimal effort level. These results suggest that existing regulations have failed to achieve the potentially large economic surplus that could result from optimal management. Prior to the implementation of similar programs, resource managers may want to consider lessons learned from the TCP. First, the social and political forces created by granting harvest rights tend to accentuate the problems of contracting among heterogeneous participants. Second, the fee schedule and budgetary issues can affect the structure and performance of the transfer market. Lastly, an elusive social surplus may not be a sufficient reward to overcome social, economic, and regulatory impediments to economically optimal regulation. Title: Tradable Effort Permits: A Case Study of the Florida Spiny Lobster Trap Certificate Program Author: Larkin, Sherry L., Milon, J. Walter Year: 2001 The Florida spiny lobster trap certificate program (TCP) is one of the oldest U.S. fisheries programs involving tradable effort permits. Under the TCP, fishers must own a certificate (and pay an associated annual fee) for each trap used. The program was created in 1992 to address overcapitalization amid growing social conflict in the fishery due to open-access regulation. Consequently, the total number of certificates (effort) is periodically reduced. However, no terminal effort level was designated so an intense debate has developed over future reductions. A bioeconomic analysis revealed that the current effort level (which is 34% below the initial level) remains approximately three times higher than even the most liberal estimate of “optimal” effort (i.e., effort that would generate the maximum economic yield). An analysis of the certificate market also indicated that prices have not approached levels reflecting the net present value of rents at the optimal effort level. These results suggest that existing regulations have failed to achieve the potentially large economic surplus that could result from optimal management. Prior to the implementation of similar programs, resource managers may want to consider lessons learned from the TCP. First, the social and political forces created by granting harvest rights tend to accentuate the problems of contracting among heterogeneous participants. Second, the fee schedule and budgetary issues can affect the structure and performance of the transfer market. Lastly, an elusive social surplus may not be a sufficient reward to overcome social, economic, and regulatory impediments to economically optimal regulation. Close

• 827. [Article] Seasonal and altitudinal regulation of embryonic and nymphal development in Allonemobius fasciatus (Orthoptera:Gryllidae)

  The physiological adaptations involved in the seasonal and altitudinal regulation of the life cycle in Allonemobius fasciatus were studied. This species maintains a univoltine life cycle with an embryonic diapause ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal and altitudinal regulation of embryonic and nymphal development in Allonemobius fasciatus (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) Author: Tanaka, Seiji The physiological adaptations involved in the seasonal and altitudinal regulation of the life cycle in Allonemobius fasciatus were studied. This species maintains a univoltine life cycle with an embryonic diapause over an altitudinal gradient of as large as 1,000 m. A more than 1.5 -month difference exists in hatching time between the highest and lowest altitudes studied. Little or no difference was detected among populations from different altitudes when various developmental traits such as diapause intensity, postdiapause development, and nymphal development, were compared in the laboratory. The photo periodic regulation of nymphal development seems to play an important role in compensating for the shorter growing season at higher elevations. The embryo of A. fasciatus showed seasonal variation in diapause characteristics. Diapause intensity measured as the duration of the egg stage at 20°C was greater in eggs laid early in the season than in those laid later. At 20°C, all embryos entered "winter diapause" at the end of the appendage-formation stage. However, when incubated at higher temperatures, another type of diapause was manifested before that stage. The higher the temperature the earlier was the stage at which this developmental suppression (called "summer diapause") was imposed. The induction of summer diapause depended not only upon the temperature of incubation but also upon the time of ovi-position. The capability of entering summer diapause at a high tem perature was decreased as the time of oviposition was delayed. The effects of temperature and moisture on embryonic development were examined using eggs with or without summer diapause and it is suggested that the role of summer diapause is not to ensure the survival of eggs under dry, warm conditions in summer but to avoid untimely hatching before winter, and to stabilize the univoltine life cycle in this species. Non-diapause development was induced when eggs were transferred from 20 to 27°C in early embryonic stages, although they entered diapause when constantly held at either of these temperatures. Based on this and other results, a model for the possible mechanism underlying the control of induction and intensity of diapause was proposed. Title: Seasonal and altitudinal regulation of embryonic and nymphal development in Allonemobius fasciatus (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) Author: Tanaka, Seiji The physiological adaptations involved in the seasonal and altitudinal regulation of the life cycle in Allonemobius fasciatus were studied. This species maintains a univoltine life cycle with an embryonic diapause over an altitudinal gradient of as large as 1,000 m. A more than 1.5 -month difference exists in hatching time between the highest and lowest altitudes studied. Little or no difference was detected among populations from different altitudes when various developmental traits such as diapause intensity, postdiapause development, and nymphal development, were compared in the laboratory. The photo periodic regulation of nymphal development seems to play an important role in compensating for the shorter growing season at higher elevations. The embryo of A. fasciatus showed seasonal variation in diapause characteristics. Diapause intensity measured as the duration of the egg stage at 20°C was greater in eggs laid early in the season than in those laid later. At 20°C, all embryos entered "winter diapause" at the end of the appendage-formation stage. However, when incubated at higher temperatures, another type of diapause was manifested before that stage. The higher the temperature the earlier was the stage at which this developmental suppression (called "summer diapause") was imposed. The induction of summer diapause depended not only upon the temperature of incubation but also upon the time of ovi-position. The capability of entering summer diapause at a high tem perature was decreased as the time of oviposition was delayed. The effects of temperature and moisture on embryonic development were examined using eggs with or without summer diapause and it is suggested that the role of summer diapause is not to ensure the survival of eggs under dry, warm conditions in summer but to avoid untimely hatching before winter, and to stabilize the univoltine life cycle in this species. Non-diapause development was induced when eggs were transferred from 20 to 27°C in early embryonic stages, although they entered diapause when constantly held at either of these temperatures. Based on this and other results, a model for the possible mechanism underlying the control of induction and intensity of diapause was proposed. Close

• 828. [Article] Transcriptional regulation of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes

  The transcriptional promoter sequences for the Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes nifA and nifB were cloned to a β-galactosidase gene fusion plasmid vector and transferred by homologous recombination ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transcriptional regulation of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes Author: Evans, Paul D. The transcriptional promoter sequences for the Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes nifA and nifB were cloned to a β-galactosidase gene fusion plasmid vector and transferred by homologous recombination to a specialized transducing phage. The promoter fusions were then transduced to a recombination deficient strain of Escherichia coli as single-copy lysogens and analysed under defined aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The lysogenic strains contained plasmids encoding either of two transcriptional activator proteins, NifA or FixJ, produced from a constitutive plasmid promoter. The expression of the nifA and the nifB promoters was found to be sensitively regulated by the carbon source used for anaerobic fermentation or anaerobic respiration, the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor used for anaerobic respiration, and the growth phase of anaerobic cultures. The repression of nit promoter expression by oxygen respiration was specifically compared to anaerobic respiration of alternative electron acceptors. Both nifA and nifB promoter expression decreased exponentially as the reduction potential of the terminal respiration reaction increased. The repressive effect of oxygen appears to be due soley to the exponential relationship between nit promoter expression and the redox potential of oxygen respiration. In addition to separate fusions of the nifA and nifB promoters to β-galactosidase, a single-copy fusion of the entire nifA-nifB region was constructed. In this construct, plasmid-encoded FixJ protein stimulated the expression of a chromosomal nifA gene to produce the NifA protein, which then stimulated the expression of the nitB promoter. This strain produced 20-fold lower activity than a strain in which nifB promoter expression was stimulated by plasmid-encoded NifA protein. Finally, the nifA locus was found to contain a transcriptionally active element, oriented opposite to the nifA promoter. Title: Transcriptional regulation of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes Author: Evans, Paul D. The transcriptional promoter sequences for the Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes nifA and nifB were cloned to a β-galactosidase gene fusion plasmid vector and transferred by homologous recombination to a specialized transducing phage. The promoter fusions were then transduced to a recombination deficient strain of Escherichia coli as single-copy lysogens and analysed under defined aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The lysogenic strains contained plasmids encoding either of two transcriptional activator proteins, NifA or FixJ, produced from a constitutive plasmid promoter. The expression of the nifA and the nifB promoters was found to be sensitively regulated by the carbon source used for anaerobic fermentation or anaerobic respiration, the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor used for anaerobic respiration, and the growth phase of anaerobic cultures. The repression of nit promoter expression by oxygen respiration was specifically compared to anaerobic respiration of alternative electron acceptors. Both nifA and nifB promoter expression decreased exponentially as the reduction potential of the terminal respiration reaction increased. The repressive effect of oxygen appears to be due soley to the exponential relationship between nit promoter expression and the redox potential of oxygen respiration. In addition to separate fusions of the nifA and nifB promoters to β-galactosidase, a single-copy fusion of the entire nifA-nifB region was constructed. In this construct, plasmid-encoded FixJ protein stimulated the expression of a chromosomal nifA gene to produce the NifA protein, which then stimulated the expression of the nitB promoter. This strain produced 20-fold lower activity than a strain in which nifB promoter expression was stimulated by plasmid-encoded NifA protein. Finally, the nifA locus was found to contain a transcriptionally active element, oriented opposite to the nifA promoter. Close

• 829. [Article] Analysis and proposed revision of the radiation protection and waste management programs as described in the Oregon State University TRIGA research reactor safety analysis report

  The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) of the Oregon State University TRIGA Research Reactor (OSTR) was prepared and used as a safety baseline for the reactor's operation since 1968. Although, in general, revision ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis and proposed revision of the radiation protection and waste management programs as described in the Oregon State University TRIGA research reactor safety analysis report Author: Chinudomsub, Kittisak The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) of the Oregon State University TRIGA Research Reactor (OSTR) was prepared and used as a safety baseline for the reactor's operation since 1968. Although, in general, revision of the Safety Analysis Report of a research reactor is not a regulation requirement, it should be revised from time to time to include changes to the facility or procedures or update to current regulatory standards. The ANS 15.21 workgroup developed a draft standard format and content for safety analysis reports for research reactors. An area of this guidance, which was selected for this work's revision of OSTR-SAR, is the radiation protection program and waste management chapter. The Health Physics program of the facility was observed. The radiological data were obtained from the annual reports for more than 10 years of operation. The related data, such as meteorological data, were obtained and prepared for the analysis processes. The current federal regulation limits and recommendations were used as the references for dose assessments. The results show the OSTR has a sufficient radiation protection program not only for the facility's workers, but also for the general public, and the program is in full compliance with the federal regulations. The dose estimation shows that the workers and general public can not receive and have not received doses in excess of regulatory limits from the normal operation of the OSTR. Title: Analysis and proposed revision of the radiation protection and waste management programs as described in the Oregon State University TRIGA research reactor safety analysis report Author: Chinudomsub, Kittisak The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) of the Oregon State University TRIGA Research Reactor (OSTR) was prepared and used as a safety baseline for the reactor's operation since 1968. Although, in general, revision of the Safety Analysis Report of a research reactor is not a regulation requirement, it should be revised from time to time to include changes to the facility or procedures or update to current regulatory standards. The ANS 15.21 workgroup developed a draft standard format and content for safety analysis reports for research reactors. An area of this guidance, which was selected for this work's revision of OSTR-SAR, is the radiation protection program and waste management chapter. The Health Physics program of the facility was observed. The radiological data were obtained from the annual reports for more than 10 years of operation. The related data, such as meteorological data, were obtained and prepared for the analysis processes. The current federal regulation limits and recommendations were used as the references for dose assessments. The results show the OSTR has a sufficient radiation protection program not only for the facility's workers, but also for the general public, and the program is in full compliance with the federal regulations. The dose estimation shows that the workers and general public can not receive and have not received doses in excess of regulatory limits from the normal operation of the OSTR. Close

• 830. [Article] Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Lead Exposure in Endangered California Condors during 15 Years of Reintroduction

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Society for Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Lead Exposure in Endangered California Condors during 15 Years of Reintroduction Author: George, Daniel, Kelly, Terra R., Rivers, James W., et al., Grantham, Jesse To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Society for Conservation Biology and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291523-1739. Title: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Lead Exposure in Endangered California Condors during 15 Years of Reintroduction Author: George, Daniel, Kelly, Terra R., Rivers, James W., et al., Grantham, Jesse To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Society for Conservation Biology and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291523-1739. Close