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• 311. [Article] Individual and combined effects of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc on juvenile chinook salmon and invertebrates in model stream communities

  The effects of sublethal concentrations of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc individually and in combination on the growth and production of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Individual and combined effects of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc on juvenile chinook salmon and invertebrates in model stream communities Author: Negilski, David Stanley The effects of sublethal concentrations of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc individually and in combination on the growth and production of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and aquatic invertebrates in model stream communities were studied in three experiments during 1971 and 1972 at the Oak Creek Fisheries Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. The individual toxicants were tested at concentrations of 0.1 toxic units (96 hour TLm) in experiments I and II, while the tests with mixtures were carried out at values of 0.1 (low treatment) and 0.3 (high treatment) toxic units. All treatment concentrations were doubled in experiment III, which resulted in individual concentrations equivalent to 0.2 toxic units for cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc. The three toxicants were tested in combination at concentrations equivalent to 0.2 toxic units (low treatment) and to 0.6 toxic units (high treatment). The juvenile salmon were weighed biweekly during the course of each experiment. Benthic invertebrate samples were taken monthly and drift samples were generally taken every three weeks. The individual toxicant concentrations of 0.1 toxic units of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc did not result in any marked reductions of juvenile salmon growth or benthic densities during experiments I and II. Individual toxicant concentrations of 0.2 toxic units of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc during experiment III adversely affected salmon growth and production as well as benthic densities. Zinc appeared to be the most deleterious of the individual treatments while cyanide was the least harmful of the three toxicants to salmon growth. Cyanide appeared to enhance salmon production at 0.1 toxic units (10 ppb), In both experiments I and III, reductions in salmon biomass were always greater in streams receiving mixtures of toxicants and reductions were always greater in the high treatments than in the low treatments. Decreases in salmon production and biomass in the high and low combination treatments were not predictable based on the responses of salmon exposed to the individual toxicants, but were always greater than the decreases observed in any one individual treatment. The results, of experiments I and III indicated that levels of individual toxicants apparently safe for juvenile salmon were deleterious to salmon growth and production when combined at levels equivalent to those of the individual toxicants. The results, especially those of experiment I, indicate that mixtures of the three toxicants equivalent to 0.1 toxic units impair salmonid growth, and suggest that even lower concentrations may be harmful to juvenile salmon. Title: Individual and combined effects of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc on juvenile chinook salmon and invertebrates in model stream communities Author: Negilski, David Stanley The effects of sublethal concentrations of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc individually and in combination on the growth and production of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and aquatic invertebrates in model stream communities were studied in three experiments during 1971 and 1972 at the Oak Creek Fisheries Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. The individual toxicants were tested at concentrations of 0.1 toxic units (96 hour TLm) in experiments I and II, while the tests with mixtures were carried out at values of 0.1 (low treatment) and 0.3 (high treatment) toxic units. All treatment concentrations were doubled in experiment III, which resulted in individual concentrations equivalent to 0.2 toxic units for cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc. The three toxicants were tested in combination at concentrations equivalent to 0.2 toxic units (low treatment) and to 0.6 toxic units (high treatment). The juvenile salmon were weighed biweekly during the course of each experiment. Benthic invertebrate samples were taken monthly and drift samples were generally taken every three weeks. The individual toxicant concentrations of 0.1 toxic units of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc did not result in any marked reductions of juvenile salmon growth or benthic densities during experiments I and II. Individual toxicant concentrations of 0.2 toxic units of cyanide, pentachlorophenol and zinc during experiment III adversely affected salmon growth and production as well as benthic densities. Zinc appeared to be the most deleterious of the individual treatments while cyanide was the least harmful of the three toxicants to salmon growth. Cyanide appeared to enhance salmon production at 0.1 toxic units (10 ppb), In both experiments I and III, reductions in salmon biomass were always greater in streams receiving mixtures of toxicants and reductions were always greater in the high treatments than in the low treatments. Decreases in salmon production and biomass in the high and low combination treatments were not predictable based on the responses of salmon exposed to the individual toxicants, but were always greater than the decreases observed in any one individual treatment. The results, of experiments I and III indicated that levels of individual toxicants apparently safe for juvenile salmon were deleterious to salmon growth and production when combined at levels equivalent to those of the individual toxicants. The results, especially those of experiment I, indicate that mixtures of the three toxicants equivalent to 0.1 toxic units impair salmonid growth, and suggest that even lower concentrations may be harmful to juvenile salmon. Close

• 312. [Article] Immune responses of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to p,p-̓DDE and tributyltin

  In this thesis, we examined the effects of the exposures to anthropogenic pollutants on the fish, primarily juvenile chinook salmon, immune system using newly and recently developed immune assays. In addition, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Immune responses of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to p,p-̓DDE and tributyltin Author: Misumi, Ichiro In this thesis, we examined the effects of the exposures to anthropogenic pollutants on the fish, primarily juvenile chinook salmon, immune system using newly and recently developed immune assays. In addition, we developed a new assay for measuring immunocompetence of fish. In the first chapter, the Alamar Blue assay was developed to quantify the proliferation of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes. Isolated splenic and pronephric leukocytes were stimulated with different concentration of mitogens (LPS, PWM, and ConA) for various incubation times. Optimum cell culture conditions (cell density, mitogen concentration, and incubation time) for the Alamar Blue assay were evaluated by comparison with flow cytometric analysis. The Alamar Blue dye was non-toxic for leukocytes, and the assay proved to be able to quantify the mitogenic responses using LPS, but PWM and ConA. In the second chapter, we determined the effects and mechanisms by which p,p'- DDE exposure might affect the immune system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Isolated salmon splenic and pronephric leucocytes were incubated with different concentrations of p,p'-DDE, and cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry and Alamar Blue assay. p,p'- DDE significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effect of p,p'-DDE on pronephric leukocytes was more severe than on splenic leukocytes, likely because pronephric leucocytes had a higher proportion of granulocytes, cells that appear more sensitive to p,p'-DDE. The effect of p,p'-DDE on leucocytes appeared to vary between developmental stages or season. The mitogenic response of leukocytes of chinook salmon exposed to p,p'-DDE in vivo exhibited a biphasic dose-response relationship. Only leukocytes isolated from salmon treated with 59 ppm p,p'-DDE had a significantly lower percentage of Ig+ blasting cells than controls. Our results support the theory that exposure to chemical contaminants could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and mortality of fish due to immune suppression. In the third chapter, we evaluated the direct effects of in vitro exposures to tributyltin (TBT), widely used biocide, on the cell mediated immune system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Splenic and pronephric leukocytes isolated from juvenile chinook salmon were exposed for 6, 24, or 96 hr to a concentration range of 0.03 0.1 mg TBT 1⁻¹ in cell cultures. Effects of TBT on cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry. Splenic and pronephric leukocytes in the presence of TBT experienced a concentration-dependent decrease in the viability in cell cultures following the induction of apoptosis. In addition, pronephric lymphocytes exhibited a greater sensitivity to TBT exposure than pronephric granulocytes. The functional ability of splenic B-cells to undergo blastogenesis upon LPS stimulation was also significantly inhibited in the presence of 0.05, 0.07, or 0.10 mg 1⁻¹ of TBT in the cell cultures. Flow cytometric assay with the fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibody against salmon surface immunoglobulin was employed for the conclusive identification of B-cell in the chinook salmon leukocytes. Our findings suggest that adverse effects of TBT on the function or development of fish immune systems could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and its subsequent ecological implications. Title: Immune responses of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to p,p-̓DDE and tributyltin Author: Misumi, Ichiro In this thesis, we examined the effects of the exposures to anthropogenic pollutants on the fish, primarily juvenile chinook salmon, immune system using newly and recently developed immune assays. In addition, we developed a new assay for measuring immunocompetence of fish. In the first chapter, the Alamar Blue assay was developed to quantify the proliferation of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes. Isolated splenic and pronephric leukocytes were stimulated with different concentration of mitogens (LPS, PWM, and ConA) for various incubation times. Optimum cell culture conditions (cell density, mitogen concentration, and incubation time) for the Alamar Blue assay were evaluated by comparison with flow cytometric analysis. The Alamar Blue dye was non-toxic for leukocytes, and the assay proved to be able to quantify the mitogenic responses using LPS, but PWM and ConA. In the second chapter, we determined the effects and mechanisms by which p,p'- DDE exposure might affect the immune system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Isolated salmon splenic and pronephric leucocytes were incubated with different concentrations of p,p'-DDE, and cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry and Alamar Blue assay. p,p'- DDE significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effect of p,p'-DDE on pronephric leukocytes was more severe than on splenic leukocytes, likely because pronephric leucocytes had a higher proportion of granulocytes, cells that appear more sensitive to p,p'-DDE. The effect of p,p'-DDE on leucocytes appeared to vary between developmental stages or season. The mitogenic response of leukocytes of chinook salmon exposed to p,p'-DDE in vivo exhibited a biphasic dose-response relationship. Only leukocytes isolated from salmon treated with 59 ppm p,p'-DDE had a significantly lower percentage of Ig+ blasting cells than controls. Our results support the theory that exposure to chemical contaminants could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and mortality of fish due to immune suppression. In the third chapter, we evaluated the direct effects of in vitro exposures to tributyltin (TBT), widely used biocide, on the cell mediated immune system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Splenic and pronephric leukocytes isolated from juvenile chinook salmon were exposed for 6, 24, or 96 hr to a concentration range of 0.03 0.1 mg TBT 1⁻¹ in cell cultures. Effects of TBT on cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry. Splenic and pronephric leukocytes in the presence of TBT experienced a concentration-dependent decrease in the viability in cell cultures following the induction of apoptosis. In addition, pronephric lymphocytes exhibited a greater sensitivity to TBT exposure than pronephric granulocytes. The functional ability of splenic B-cells to undergo blastogenesis upon LPS stimulation was also significantly inhibited in the presence of 0.05, 0.07, or 0.10 mg 1⁻¹ of TBT in the cell cultures. Flow cytometric assay with the fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibody against salmon surface immunoglobulin was employed for the conclusive identification of B-cell in the chinook salmon leukocytes. Our findings suggest that adverse effects of TBT on the function or development of fish immune systems could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and its subsequent ecological implications. Close

• 313. [Article] Salmon River Hatchery operations plan

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon River Hatchery operations plan Year: 9999 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Salmon River Hatchery operations plan Year: 9999 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 314. [Article] Contribution of subyearling estuarine migrant coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to spawning populations on the southern Oregon coast

  The typical coho salmon life history has been characterized by juvenile fish that spend their entire first year in freshwater habitats before migrating into estuaries as smolts. However, reports of early ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contribution of subyearling estuarine migrant coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to spawning populations on the southern Oregon coast Author: Nordholm, Katherine E. The typical coho salmon life history has been characterized by juvenile fish that spend their entire first year in freshwater habitats before migrating into estuaries as smolts. However, reports of early migrating coho fry (age 0), including migration downstream to estuarine habitats, date back to the 1960s. Until a few years ago, these individuals were considered to be displaced surplus fish with low chances of survival. Recent studies have suggested that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon could be an alternative life history in coastal populations, but their return as jacks or mature adults needed to be documented for this life history to be considered a viable strategy. The goal of our study was to track the return of spawning coho salmon that had been individually tagged in either estuarine or riverine nursery habitats, and determine return percentages for each life history strategy as well as independently verify the presence of subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon through otolith analysis on spawning populations. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags to identify individual fish as they passed through a series of antennas deployed in two coastal lowland streams on the southern Oregon coast. Percentage return of estuary tagged parr (fish ≥ 60 mm tagged in spring and summer of their first year) was variable between years and streams. For the 2010 return year, subyearling estuarine migrants was 2.5 times higher than stream residents in Palouse Creek. Fork length at estuary entrance was reconstructed for one return year of spawning fish based on otolith Sr:Ca and Br:Ca. Four main life history strategies were identified based on their fork length at time of estuary/ocean entrance: early migrating fry (< 60 mm fork length), early migrating parr (60 - 70 mm fork length), early migrating parr that returned to freshwater before migrating as yearlings ("nomads"), and yearling migrating smolts (> 70 mm fork length). Overall, 30% (Larson Creek) to 42% (Palouse Creek) of the 2009 spawning run was made up of fish that displayed evidence of estuarine residence during their first year. This study confirms that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon survive to reproductive age and contribute to subsequent generations. The survival of this life history type likely varies between years with changing ocean and stream conditions. It is hypothesized that their life history serves as a "bet hedging" strategy that supports coastal populations in years of poor stream conditions. In the face of rising sea levels, this life history may represent a key to the future viability of coho salmon stocks in coastal watersheds. Title: Contribution of subyearling estuarine migrant coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to spawning populations on the southern Oregon coast Author: Nordholm, Katherine E. The typical coho salmon life history has been characterized by juvenile fish that spend their entire first year in freshwater habitats before migrating into estuaries as smolts. However, reports of early migrating coho fry (age 0), including migration downstream to estuarine habitats, date back to the 1960s. Until a few years ago, these individuals were considered to be displaced surplus fish with low chances of survival. Recent studies have suggested that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon could be an alternative life history in coastal populations, but their return as jacks or mature adults needed to be documented for this life history to be considered a viable strategy. The goal of our study was to track the return of spawning coho salmon that had been individually tagged in either estuarine or riverine nursery habitats, and determine return percentages for each life history strategy as well as independently verify the presence of subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon through otolith analysis on spawning populations. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags to identify individual fish as they passed through a series of antennas deployed in two coastal lowland streams on the southern Oregon coast. Percentage return of estuary tagged parr (fish ≥ 60 mm tagged in spring and summer of their first year) was variable between years and streams. For the 2010 return year, subyearling estuarine migrants was 2.5 times higher than stream residents in Palouse Creek. Fork length at estuary entrance was reconstructed for one return year of spawning fish based on otolith Sr:Ca and Br:Ca. Four main life history strategies were identified based on their fork length at time of estuary/ocean entrance: early migrating fry (< 60 mm fork length), early migrating parr (60 - 70 mm fork length), early migrating parr that returned to freshwater before migrating as yearlings ("nomads"), and yearling migrating smolts (> 70 mm fork length). Overall, 30% (Larson Creek) to 42% (Palouse Creek) of the 2009 spawning run was made up of fish that displayed evidence of estuarine residence during their first year. This study confirms that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon survive to reproductive age and contribute to subsequent generations. The survival of this life history type likely varies between years with changing ocean and stream conditions. It is hypothesized that their life history serves as a "bet hedging" strategy that supports coastal populations in years of poor stream conditions. In the face of rising sea levels, this life history may represent a key to the future viability of coho salmon stocks in coastal watersheds. Close

• 315. [Article] Bactericidal and physico-chemical properties of a lectin derived from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Ova

  Unfertilized ova from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined for the presence of classical salmonid inmmunoglobulin. Immunodiffusion techniques in which rabbit anti-salmonid immunoglobulin ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bactericidal and physico-chemical properties of a lectin derived from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Ova Author: Banowetz, Gary Michael Unfertilized ova from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined for the presence of classical salmonid inmmunoglobulin. Immunodiffusion techniques in which rabbit anti-salmonid immunoglobulin was reacted against an ova homogenate and rabbit anti-ova homogenate was reacted against immune chinook serum failed to detect classical-type antibodies within these eggs. A lectin with bactericidal properties was isolated from spring chinook salmon ova. This protein agglutinated human type B and rabbit erythrocytes, but not human type A, O or sheep red cells. Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography and by gel filtration on Bio-Rad P300. The purified lectin contained a minor (0. 8 %) carbohydrate moiety. A rabbit antiserum was prepared against the protein and used to determine whether ova from coho salmon (O. kisutch), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), kokanee salmon (O. nerka), steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), Lahonten cutthroat trout (S. clarki henshawi) or fall chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) contained a similar protein. All species tested had an immunologically identical protein within their ova. Purified spring chinook salmon ova lectin was bactericidal for two serotypes of Vibrio anguillarum, Pasteurella piscidida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Flexibacter columnaris, but not for Yersinia ruckeri, A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Cytophaga psychrophila or the agent of bacterial kidney disease, Corynebacterium sp. In addition to these known bacterial fish pathogens, 19 species of bacteria commonly associated with humans were tested; none of the human-associated agents were inhibited by the lectin. Proteins immunologically identical to the spring chinook salmon ova lectin were purified froim ova of seven other salmonids and found to possess little, if any, activity against the bacterial fish pathogens. Even the protein purified from fall chinook salmon ova had minimal bactericidal activity. Less than 1. 0 μg /ml of the purified spring chinook ova lectin was required for complete inhibition of V. anguillarum growth. A 1 hr incubation of the lectin with the bacteria at 22 C was sufficient for 100% growth inhibition. Microscopic examination of the incubation mixture showed that after 20 min, approximately 50% of the bacteria were no longer motile. No cell lysis was observed. The bacterial inhibition property was stable after heat treatment at 80 C for 6 hr or 100 C for 1 hr. Lyophilization of the protein did not reduce bactericidal activity. The chinook lectin was compared with a plant lectin, ricin, for bactericidal activity and competitive binding of V. anguillarum cells. Although ricin had a carbohydrate specificity similar to the chinook protein, it was not toxic for V. anguillarum; however, it did compete for binding sites on the bacterium. Coho salmon which received 125 μg of purified spring chinook ova lectin intravenously were not protected against subsequent challenge by V. anguillarum. Title: Bactericidal and physico-chemical properties of a lectin derived from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Ova Author: Banowetz, Gary Michael Unfertilized ova from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined for the presence of classical salmonid inmmunoglobulin. Immunodiffusion techniques in which rabbit anti-salmonid immunoglobulin was reacted against an ova homogenate and rabbit anti-ova homogenate was reacted against immune chinook serum failed to detect classical-type antibodies within these eggs. A lectin with bactericidal properties was isolated from spring chinook salmon ova. This protein agglutinated human type B and rabbit erythrocytes, but not human type A, O or sheep red cells. Hemagglutination was inhibited by D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography and by gel filtration on Bio-Rad P300. The purified lectin contained a minor (0. 8 %) carbohydrate moiety. A rabbit antiserum was prepared against the protein and used to determine whether ova from coho salmon (O. kisutch), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), kokanee salmon (O. nerka), steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), Lahonten cutthroat trout (S. clarki henshawi) or fall chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) contained a similar protein. All species tested had an immunologically identical protein within their ova. Purified spring chinook salmon ova lectin was bactericidal for two serotypes of Vibrio anguillarum, Pasteurella piscidida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Flexibacter columnaris, but not for Yersinia ruckeri, A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Cytophaga psychrophila or the agent of bacterial kidney disease, Corynebacterium sp. In addition to these known bacterial fish pathogens, 19 species of bacteria commonly associated with humans were tested; none of the human-associated agents were inhibited by the lectin. Proteins immunologically identical to the spring chinook salmon ova lectin were purified froim ova of seven other salmonids and found to possess little, if any, activity against the bacterial fish pathogens. Even the protein purified from fall chinook salmon ova had minimal bactericidal activity. Less than 1. 0 μg /ml of the purified spring chinook ova lectin was required for complete inhibition of V. anguillarum growth. A 1 hr incubation of the lectin with the bacteria at 22 C was sufficient for 100% growth inhibition. Microscopic examination of the incubation mixture showed that after 20 min, approximately 50% of the bacteria were no longer motile. No cell lysis was observed. The bacterial inhibition property was stable after heat treatment at 80 C for 6 hr or 100 C for 1 hr. Lyophilization of the protein did not reduce bactericidal activity. The chinook lectin was compared with a plant lectin, ricin, for bactericidal activity and competitive binding of V. anguillarum cells. Although ricin had a carbohydrate specificity similar to the chinook protein, it was not toxic for V. anguillarum; however, it did compete for binding sites on the bacterium. Coho salmon which received 125 μg of purified spring chinook ova lectin intravenously were not protected against subsequent challenge by V. anguillarum. Close

• 316. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2012 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 317. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2013 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 318. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2014 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 319. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2015 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 320. [Article] Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016

  Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Investigations Into The Life History Of Naturally Produced Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead In The Grande Ronde River Subbasin - BPA Annual Report 2016 Abstract -- The goal of this project is to investigate the critical habitat, abundance, migration patterns, survival, and alternate life history strategies exhibited by spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead juveniles from distinct populations in the Grande Ronde River and Imnaha River subbasins. This project will provide information on abundance of spring Chinook salmon and steelhead parr and estimates for egg-to-migrant survival for spring Chinook salmon and migrant survival for steelhead, and assess stream conditions in selected study streams. This study provides a means for long term monitoring of juvenile salmonid production in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River subbasins that is essential for assessing the success of restoration and enhancement efforts including hatchery supplementation and habitat improvement. As hatchery supplementation of spring Chinook salmon continues in the Grande Ronde Subbasin, we will monitor abundance of migrants, life history characteristics, and survival to various life stages to provide data to the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan - Oregon Evaluation project to determine the effectiveness of this management action. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close