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• 28271. [Article] Gravitational Waves and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and “Lab on a Chip”

  Improvements on the charge control measurements of the torsion pendulum, electron gun, and autocollimator system were conducted at the University of Washington in preparation for the fabrication of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gravitational Waves and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and “Lab on a Chip” Author: Gifford, Jessica Improvements on the charge control measurements of the torsion pendulum, electron gun, and autocollimator system were conducted at the University of Washington in preparation for the fabrication of the final prototype of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational wave detector for NASA. One main cause of transient forces on LISA is solar charges in space that can cause unwanted torque on the test masses. Using a torsion pendulum as a geometric equivalent of the test masses, charge control measurements were conducted by producing a sinusoidal curve of the charge. The pendulum could be negatively or positively charged by an electron gun or a UV LED by increments as small as a pico-coulomb. The average charging for the UV LED is 3.5*10⁻¹⁴ C/s, and electron gun is -4.4*10⁻¹⁴ C/s, which allows for very precise control. Photocurrent of the UV LED and electron gun were measured by fabricating two new electron guns, one including an Einzel lens. Preliminary results showed that a current leakage powering the UV LED was a major source of error. To compensate for this error a battery system was built to power the UV LED separately from the electron gun. Subsequent results showed that, even with the battery improvement, no difference in current could be measured. To cut down on further current leakage a data acquisition program (DAQ) was designed to electronically control the power of the system. The results from varying the voltage using the DAQ, showed that the photocurrent linearly increases and asymptotically approaches a maximum current. However, by moving the battery system, the current jumps drastically, which means that the production of photocurrent is yet to be conclusive. Finally, the autocollimator was used to measure the torque on the pendulum with heterodyne interferometry. A system of thermometers was fabricated to measure the temperature inside and outside the autocollimating system. It was shown that the thermal noise fluctuation is 0.14C° in the system. It is hypothesized that this fluctuation can be eliminated which will be enough to improve the sensitivity of the autocollimator by an order of magnitude. “Lab on a Chip” - Prototypes of a “Lab on a Chip” system that can make the sensors in situ in the device and then directly measure changes within a cell could greatly aid biologist in investigating changes within a variety of cells. At Oregon State University, an experimental setup was designed to trap and excite fluorescence of a particle or nano-sensor with and without a microfluidic device. An excitation laser at 532 nm and an optical trapping laser at 800 nm were used. The power of the excitation laser must be ~10 mW, which is low enough to cause minimal photo bleaching of the particles, and the power of the trapping laser must be ~5 mW for a 1 μm particle. One particle was trapped at a time by using confocal setting and aligning both lasers to hit the sample on the inverted microscope to within a few nano meters. Proof of concept of the setup was then conducted using commercial Fluorospheres. The spectrum measured by this design matches the theoretical spectra provided by the particles’ manufacturer demonstrating that the experimental design performs to specifications. Measurements were taken on the nano-sensors made by the collaborators at the chemistry department to verify that the setup is compatible with the new particles. First using only the excitation laser to excite and trap the sensors, different fluorescence peaks were measured for two samples of particles in pH ~2 and ~6 solutions. Because of photo bleaching, the behavior of the spectra are indistinguishable from that of deprotonated peaks, however there was notable difference between the particles. The trapping laser was then reintroduced and verified that fluorescence measurements of a nano-sensor can be obtained with this experimental design. Two other experiments were conducted, which confirm the proof of concept of this experimental design. Fluorescence data of K+ ion sensitive sensors, which switch from deprotonated peaks, to protonated, using widefield excitation, was measured. This shows that the sensors behave as expected. Also, using this experimental technique developed, the setup was able to trap and measure the fluorescence of pH 2 and pH 7.5 sensors inside a microfluidic trap, and that the correct measurements can be taken with the setup even within a microfluidic trap. Title: Gravitational Waves and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and “Lab on a Chip” Author: Gifford, Jessica Improvements on the charge control measurements of the torsion pendulum, electron gun, and autocollimator system were conducted at the University of Washington in preparation for the fabrication of the final prototype of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational wave detector for NASA. One main cause of transient forces on LISA is solar charges in space that can cause unwanted torque on the test masses. Using a torsion pendulum as a geometric equivalent of the test masses, charge control measurements were conducted by producing a sinusoidal curve of the charge. The pendulum could be negatively or positively charged by an electron gun or a UV LED by increments as small as a pico-coulomb. The average charging for the UV LED is 3.5*10⁻¹⁴ C/s, and electron gun is -4.4*10⁻¹⁴ C/s, which allows for very precise control. Photocurrent of the UV LED and electron gun were measured by fabricating two new electron guns, one including an Einzel lens. Preliminary results showed that a current leakage powering the UV LED was a major source of error. To compensate for this error a battery system was built to power the UV LED separately from the electron gun. Subsequent results showed that, even with the battery improvement, no difference in current could be measured. To cut down on further current leakage a data acquisition program (DAQ) was designed to electronically control the power of the system. The results from varying the voltage using the DAQ, showed that the photocurrent linearly increases and asymptotically approaches a maximum current. However, by moving the battery system, the current jumps drastically, which means that the production of photocurrent is yet to be conclusive. Finally, the autocollimator was used to measure the torque on the pendulum with heterodyne interferometry. A system of thermometers was fabricated to measure the temperature inside and outside the autocollimating system. It was shown that the thermal noise fluctuation is 0.14C° in the system. It is hypothesized that this fluctuation can be eliminated which will be enough to improve the sensitivity of the autocollimator by an order of magnitude. “Lab on a Chip” - Prototypes of a “Lab on a Chip” system that can make the sensors in situ in the device and then directly measure changes within a cell could greatly aid biologist in investigating changes within a variety of cells. At Oregon State University, an experimental setup was designed to trap and excite fluorescence of a particle or nano-sensor with and without a microfluidic device. An excitation laser at 532 nm and an optical trapping laser at 800 nm were used. The power of the excitation laser must be ~10 mW, which is low enough to cause minimal photo bleaching of the particles, and the power of the trapping laser must be ~5 mW for a 1 μm particle. One particle was trapped at a time by using confocal setting and aligning both lasers to hit the sample on the inverted microscope to within a few nano meters. Proof of concept of the setup was then conducted using commercial Fluorospheres. The spectrum measured by this design matches the theoretical spectra provided by the particles’ manufacturer demonstrating that the experimental design performs to specifications. Measurements were taken on the nano-sensors made by the collaborators at the chemistry department to verify that the setup is compatible with the new particles. First using only the excitation laser to excite and trap the sensors, different fluorescence peaks were measured for two samples of particles in pH ~2 and ~6 solutions. Because of photo bleaching, the behavior of the spectra are indistinguishable from that of deprotonated peaks, however there was notable difference between the particles. The trapping laser was then reintroduced and verified that fluorescence measurements of a nano-sensor can be obtained with this experimental design. Two other experiments were conducted, which confirm the proof of concept of this experimental design. Fluorescence data of K+ ion sensitive sensors, which switch from deprotonated peaks, to protonated, using widefield excitation, was measured. This shows that the sensors behave as expected. Also, using this experimental technique developed, the setup was able to trap and measure the fluorescence of pH 2 and pH 7.5 sensors inside a microfluidic trap, and that the correct measurements can be taken with the setup even within a microfluidic trap. Close

• 28272. [Article] Effect of sensory properties and health information on consumer acceptance and purchase of colorful fresh market potatoes

  Potato varieties characterized by non-conventional skin and flesh colors (purple, red, yellow) have the potential to revitalize consumer demand for fresh market potatoes because of their unique appearance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of sensory properties and health information on consumer acceptance and purchase of colorful fresh market potatoes Author: Wechsler, Linda J. Potato varieties characterized by non-conventional skin and flesh colors (purple, red, yellow) have the potential to revitalize consumer demand for fresh market potatoes because of their unique appearance and health benefits. Red and purple potatoes contain anthocyanins, which are flavonoids responsible for red, blue, and purple pigments in plants. Yellow potatoes contain carotenoids, which are xanthophylls responsible for orange and yellow pigments in plants. Both anthocyanins and carotenoids are antioxidants that benefit human health. The objective of this thesis research was to investigate consumer acceptance of colorful fresh market potato varieties and to understand the effect of health information on purchase intent. This thesis research was divided into three studies, preceded by a literature review. The literature review summarized research linking raw tuber characteristics to the culinary quality of fresh market potatoes. Specific compounds, genes, and processes affecting potato appearance, flavor, and texture were reviewed. In the first study, consumer attitudes and opinions about colorful fresh market potatoes were investigated using four focus group sessions with a total of 37 participants. Five colorful potato varieties were shown to participants. Purchase intent for each variety was marked on an anchored line scale after: 1) seeing and handling the raw uncut potato, 2) seeing a photo of the raw potato cut in half, 3) seeing a photo of the potato cooked (boiled) and cut in half, and 4) after receiving health information describing antioxidant benefits. Reactions to colorful potato varieties were mixed. Health information had a greater impact on purchase intent than the photos of the raw and cooked potatoes. Purchase intent was also influenced by positive and negative associations with appearance, concerns about genetic engineering, tampering, and chemicals, preparation and presentation considerations, point of sale, family acceptance, and anticipated flavor. In the second study, a consumer acceptance test with 222 participants evaluated six colorful fresh market potato varieties alongside a commonly available variety, the Yukon Gold. Participants rated liking of overall appearance, color, size, and shape for raw uncut potatoes on a 9-point category scale. Participants tasted the potatoes boiled and rated liking of cooked appearance, flavor, and texture on a 9-point category scale. Participant comments describing what they liked and/or disliked about each raw and cooked potato were also captured. For color, yellow and red varieties were accepted over purple varieties. For shape and size, large and round varieties were accepted over small, elongated varieties. Bimodal hedonic score distributions were observed for purple color, small size, and elongated shape. Consumer comments revealed that a uniform raw and cooked appearance, a distinct flavor with no undesirable aftertaste, and a smooth, firm, and consistent texture were all desirable characteristics. In the third study, the effect of health information on purchase intent for colorful fresh market potatoes was investigated. Participants either received no information, a simple statement, or a detailed statement about antioxidants in colorful potatoes. After reading the information, participants rated purchase intent on a 5-point category scale at a low, medium, and high price. The effect of antioxidant information on the probability of purchase for red and purple potatoes was compared to yellow potatoes. The impact of hedonic rating, price, gender, age, education, income, usage frequency, health interest, food interest, and antioxidant knowledge were also investigated. High hedonic ratings and interest in food had a positive effect on purchase intent for all potatoes. High price had a negative effect on purchase intent for all potatoes. Antioxidant information and interest in health had a positive effect on purchase intent for red and purple potatoes. Age had a negative effect on purchase intent for red and purple potatoes. An advanced degree of education had a negative effect on purchase intent for yellow potatoes. Title: Effect of sensory properties and health information on consumer acceptance and purchase of colorful fresh market potatoes Author: Wechsler, Linda J. Potato varieties characterized by non-conventional skin and flesh colors (purple, red, yellow) have the potential to revitalize consumer demand for fresh market potatoes because of their unique appearance and health benefits. Red and purple potatoes contain anthocyanins, which are flavonoids responsible for red, blue, and purple pigments in plants. Yellow potatoes contain carotenoids, which are xanthophylls responsible for orange and yellow pigments in plants. Both anthocyanins and carotenoids are antioxidants that benefit human health. The objective of this thesis research was to investigate consumer acceptance of colorful fresh market potato varieties and to understand the effect of health information on purchase intent. This thesis research was divided into three studies, preceded by a literature review. The literature review summarized research linking raw tuber characteristics to the culinary quality of fresh market potatoes. Specific compounds, genes, and processes affecting potato appearance, flavor, and texture were reviewed. In the first study, consumer attitudes and opinions about colorful fresh market potatoes were investigated using four focus group sessions with a total of 37 participants. Five colorful potato varieties were shown to participants. Purchase intent for each variety was marked on an anchored line scale after: 1) seeing and handling the raw uncut potato, 2) seeing a photo of the raw potato cut in half, 3) seeing a photo of the potato cooked (boiled) and cut in half, and 4) after receiving health information describing antioxidant benefits. Reactions to colorful potato varieties were mixed. Health information had a greater impact on purchase intent than the photos of the raw and cooked potatoes. Purchase intent was also influenced by positive and negative associations with appearance, concerns about genetic engineering, tampering, and chemicals, preparation and presentation considerations, point of sale, family acceptance, and anticipated flavor. In the second study, a consumer acceptance test with 222 participants evaluated six colorful fresh market potato varieties alongside a commonly available variety, the Yukon Gold. Participants rated liking of overall appearance, color, size, and shape for raw uncut potatoes on a 9-point category scale. Participants tasted the potatoes boiled and rated liking of cooked appearance, flavor, and texture on a 9-point category scale. Participant comments describing what they liked and/or disliked about each raw and cooked potato were also captured. For color, yellow and red varieties were accepted over purple varieties. For shape and size, large and round varieties were accepted over small, elongated varieties. Bimodal hedonic score distributions were observed for purple color, small size, and elongated shape. Consumer comments revealed that a uniform raw and cooked appearance, a distinct flavor with no undesirable aftertaste, and a smooth, firm, and consistent texture were all desirable characteristics. In the third study, the effect of health information on purchase intent for colorful fresh market potatoes was investigated. Participants either received no information, a simple statement, or a detailed statement about antioxidants in colorful potatoes. After reading the information, participants rated purchase intent on a 5-point category scale at a low, medium, and high price. The effect of antioxidant information on the probability of purchase for red and purple potatoes was compared to yellow potatoes. The impact of hedonic rating, price, gender, age, education, income, usage frequency, health interest, food interest, and antioxidant knowledge were also investigated. High hedonic ratings and interest in food had a positive effect on purchase intent for all potatoes. High price had a negative effect on purchase intent for all potatoes. Antioxidant information and interest in health had a positive effect on purchase intent for red and purple potatoes. Age had a negative effect on purchase intent for red and purple potatoes. An advanced degree of education had a negative effect on purchase intent for yellow potatoes. Close

• 28273. [Image] Research and management of black bears in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: National Park Service progress report

  	ill., maps, photo.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74); "RSP CRLA-N-2A."; "January 20, 1974."; Typescript (photocopy).
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research and management of black bears in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: National Park Service progress report Author: McCollum, Michael T. Year: 1974, 2010 ill., maps, photo.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74); "RSP CRLA-N-2A."; "January 20, 1974."; Typescript (photocopy). Title: Research and management of black bears in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: National Park Service progress report Author: McCollum, Michael T. Year: 1974, 2010 ill., maps, photo.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74); "RSP CRLA-N-2A."; "January 20, 1974."; Typescript (photocopy). Close

• 28274. [Image] Panorama view of irrigable lands in the Bonanza Valley, also the lower end of Alakli [sic] Valley, Ore.

  	June 10, 1905
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Panorama view of irrigable lands in the Bonanza Valley, also the lower end of Alakli [sic] Valley, Ore. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 Title: Panorama view of irrigable lands in the Bonanza Valley, also the lower end of Alakli [sic] Valley, Ore. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 Close

• 28275. [Image] View looking southwest up the Langell Valley, from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore., showing irrigable lands under the Klamath River Project.

  	June 10, 1905 (the incorrect year, 1805, is printed under the photograph, the correct year, 1905, is written in pencil under it
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View looking southwest up the Langell Valley, from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore., showing irrigable lands under the Klamath River Project. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 (the incorrect year, 1805, is printed under the photograph, the correct year, 1905, is written in pencil under it Title: View looking southwest up the Langell Valley, from a point 4 miles west of Lorella, Ore., showing irrigable lands under the Klamath River Project. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 (the incorrect year, 1805, is printed under the photograph, the correct year, 1905, is written in pencil under it Close

• 28276. [Image] View looking northeast from the Horsefly damsite into the proposed Horsefly Reservoir site on Miller Creek, Ore., showing a glimpse of same.

  	June 10, 1905
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View looking northeast from the Horsefly damsite into the proposed Horsefly Reservoir site on Miller Creek, Ore., showing a glimpse of same. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 Title: View looking northeast from the Horsefly damsite into the proposed Horsefly Reservoir site on Miller Creek, Ore., showing a glimpse of same. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 10, 1905 Close

• 28277. [Image] Panorama view of the head of Poe Valley, Ore.

  	June 11, 1905 ; Showing a glimpse of Lost River with irrigable lands on both sides of the river, proposed lands to be irrigated under the Klamath River Project. (Also a part of private companies cana...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Panorama view of the head of Poe Valley, Ore. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 11, 1905 ; Showing a glimpse of Lost River with irrigable lands on both sides of the river, proposed lands to be irrigated under the Klamath River Project. (Also a part of private companies canal) Title: Panorama view of the head of Poe Valley, Ore. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 11, 1905 ; Showing a glimpse of Lost River with irrigable lands on both sides of the river, proposed lands to be irrigated under the Klamath River Project. (Also a part of private companies canal) Close

• 28278. [Image] View showing the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Ore., what is known as the head of Link River and heading of the Ankeny Canal. View also shows the proposed site of the new company's canal heading

  	June 7, 1905
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View showing the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Ore., what is known as the head of Link River and heading of the Ankeny Canal. View also shows the proposed site of the new company's canal heading Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 7, 1905 Title: View showing the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Ore., what is known as the head of Link River and heading of the Ankeny Canal. View also shows the proposed site of the new company's canal heading Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 7, 1905 Close

• 28279. [Image] View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

  	View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, the one to the left of view being the porposed site of the new company's canal heading, the one to the right ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, the one to the left of view being the porposed site of the new company's canal heading, the one to the right being the Ankeny Canal heading; June 7, 1905 Title: View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 View showing the two canal headings at the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, the one to the left of view being the porposed site of the new company's canal heading, the one to the right being the Ankeny Canal heading; June 7, 1905 Close

• 28280. [Image] View showing the take-out of the Ankeny Canal from the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, what is known as the head of Link River

  	June 7, 1905
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View showing the take-out of the Ankeny Canal from the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, what is known as the head of Link River Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 7, 1905 Title: View showing the take-out of the Ankeny Canal from the extreme lower end of the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, what is known as the head of Link River Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1905, 2005, 2004 June 7, 1905 Close