Search

Search Results

• 121. [Article] Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles

  Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles Author: Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2007 Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long before the dam was built,relic hunters disturbed grave sites and mounds in their search for artifacts. The artifacts went into private collections or were sold, without concern for their context or for the rights and concerns of native people. The article also discusses the development of the profession of archaeology and the ways professional archaeologists were complicit in the desecration of native sites. Sites along the river continue to be looted in spite of laws against looting and the ethical codes adopted by such organizations as the Society for American Archaeology. Title: Relic Hunting, Archaeology, and Loss of Native American Heritage at The Dalles Author: Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2007 Assesses the damage done to Native American sites and heritage by relic hunters and archaeologists digging in the mid-Columbia River region that was inundated by completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. Long before the dam was built,relic hunters disturbed grave sites and mounds in their search for artifacts. The artifacts went into private collections or were sold, without concern for their context or for the rights and concerns of native people. The article also discusses the development of the profession of archaeology and the ways professional archaeologists were complicit in the desecration of native sites. Sites along the river continue to be looted in spite of laws against looting and the ethical codes adopted by such organizations as the Society for American Archaeology. Close

• 122. [Article] The S-Word: Discourse, Stereotypes, and the American Indian Woman

  What’s in a name? Plenty when it comes to the ability of words to establish identity. In 2005 in Oregon, for example, 142 land features carried the name ‘‘squaw’’—Squaw Gulch, Squaw Butte, Squaw Meadows, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The S-Word: Discourse, Stereotypes, and the American Indian Woman Author: Merskin, Debra Year: 2011, 2010 What’s in a name? Plenty when it comes to the ability of words to establish identity. In 2005 in Oregon, for example, 142 land features carried the name ‘‘squaw’’—Squaw Gulch, Squaw Butte, Squaw Meadows, and Squaw Flat Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2008). This article examines the term squaw, its presentation in popular culture, and how this framing constructs Native womanhood in the public imagination. Two primary representations are revealed in the discourse defining squaw: as sexual punching bag and as drudge. The opinions and attitudes of reporters, citizens (Indian and non-Indian), government officials, agencies, and tribal representatives are included as reflected in journalistic accounts of the land form debate about the use and meaning of the label squaw. The psychological impact of this racial and sexual slur has a significant negative impact on quality of life, perceptions, and opportunities for Native American women (ethnostress) due to the consistent use and reification of the squaw stereotype through more than 400 years of U.S. history. This article is written as part of a larger body of work that argues for an expansion of Schroeder and Borgerson’s (2005, 2008) representational ethics of images to include words. Title: The S-Word: Discourse, Stereotypes, and the American Indian Woman Author: Merskin, Debra Year: 2011, 2010 What’s in a name? Plenty when it comes to the ability of words to establish identity. In 2005 in Oregon, for example, 142 land features carried the name ‘‘squaw’’—Squaw Gulch, Squaw Butte, Squaw Meadows, and Squaw Flat Reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2008). This article examines the term squaw, its presentation in popular culture, and how this framing constructs Native womanhood in the public imagination. Two primary representations are revealed in the discourse defining squaw: as sexual punching bag and as drudge. The opinions and attitudes of reporters, citizens (Indian and non-Indian), government officials, agencies, and tribal representatives are included as reflected in journalistic accounts of the land form debate about the use and meaning of the label squaw. The psychological impact of this racial and sexual slur has a significant negative impact on quality of life, perceptions, and opportunities for Native American women (ethnostress) due to the consistent use and reification of the squaw stereotype through more than 400 years of U.S. history. This article is written as part of a larger body of work that argues for an expansion of Schroeder and Borgerson’s (2005, 2008) representational ethics of images to include words. Close

• 123. [Article] The Kalispel Tribe of Indian’s Contemporary Usage of Traditional Foodways

  Native American traditional foodways serve as one of the most important resources for indigenous communities because these resources provide a variety of non-physical cultural assets and health benefits ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Kalispel Tribe of Indian’s Contemporary Usage of Traditional Foodways Author: Hilborn, Alexander M. Native American traditional foodways serve as one of the most important resources for indigenous communities because these resources provide a variety of non-physical cultural assets and health benefits to Native groups through the medium of food. The demolition of North America’s foodways through colonization has had adverse effects on indigenous communities ranging from chronic diseases to a breakdown of cultural practices and societal cohesion. This study looks to understand how the people of the Kalispel Tribe interact with their traditional foodways through a series of survey questions and ethnographic interviews to ascertain the importance of traditional food resources to a tribe in a modern context. The Kalispel Tribe has a reservation on the Pend Oreille River and consists of 457 enrolled members and additional unenrolled community members. The survey generated 25 responses and three informants provided ethnographic interviews. Like many tribes, the traditional foods of the Kalispel remain a key part of tribal life and have associated meanings and values that relate to the biological, societal, and cultural health of the community. Insuring the viability of traditional foodways and their beneficial properties represents a way for the Kalispel and other indigenous communities to combat food insecurity and practice self-determination through food sovereignty. Title: The Kalispel Tribe of Indian’s Contemporary Usage of Traditional Foodways Author: Hilborn, Alexander M. Native American traditional foodways serve as one of the most important resources for indigenous communities because these resources provide a variety of non-physical cultural assets and health benefits to Native groups through the medium of food. The demolition of North America’s foodways through colonization has had adverse effects on indigenous communities ranging from chronic diseases to a breakdown of cultural practices and societal cohesion. This study looks to understand how the people of the Kalispel Tribe interact with their traditional foodways through a series of survey questions and ethnographic interviews to ascertain the importance of traditional food resources to a tribe in a modern context. The Kalispel Tribe has a reservation on the Pend Oreille River and consists of 457 enrolled members and additional unenrolled community members. The survey generated 25 responses and three informants provided ethnographic interviews. Like many tribes, the traditional foods of the Kalispel remain a key part of tribal life and have associated meanings and values that relate to the biological, societal, and cultural health of the community. Insuring the viability of traditional foodways and their beneficial properties represents a way for the Kalispel and other indigenous communities to combat food insecurity and practice self-determination through food sovereignty. Close

• 124. [Article] "An Anxious Desire of Self Preservation": Colonialism, Transition, and Identity on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 1860-1910

  In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States government, in its relations with Native Americans, implemented a policy of assimilation designed to detribalize Indian peoples and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "An Anxious Desire of Self Preservation": Colonialism, Transition, and Identity on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 1860-1910 Author: Lozar, Patrick Year: 2013 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States government, in its relations with Native Americans, implemented a policy of assimilation designed to detribalize Indian peoples and absorb them into the dominant society. Subjected to this colonial agenda, the Cayuse, Walla Walla, and Umatilla tribes of Oregon's Umatilla Indian Reservation, as a matter of survival, endeavored to maintain community cohesion and retain their indigenous identity. In this context, I argue that the tribes confronted federal initiatives with a strategy of adaptive resistance that allowed them to approach these onerous impositions on their own terms. This study examines their diverse responses to assimilation and colonialism, specifically accommodation, adaptation, and diplomacy. Employing the investigative frameworks of education, religion, and economics reveals the variety of tactics applied within these categories, which range from incorporation to evasion. Through these actions and reactions, the tribes reaffirmed their capacity to assert native agency. Title: "An Anxious Desire of Self Preservation": Colonialism, Transition, and Identity on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 1860-1910 Author: Lozar, Patrick Year: 2013 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States government, in its relations with Native Americans, implemented a policy of assimilation designed to detribalize Indian peoples and absorb them into the dominant society. Subjected to this colonial agenda, the Cayuse, Walla Walla, and Umatilla tribes of Oregon's Umatilla Indian Reservation, as a matter of survival, endeavored to maintain community cohesion and retain their indigenous identity. In this context, I argue that the tribes confronted federal initiatives with a strategy of adaptive resistance that allowed them to approach these onerous impositions on their own terms. This study examines their diverse responses to assimilation and colonialism, specifically accommodation, adaptation, and diplomacy. Employing the investigative frameworks of education, religion, and economics reveals the variety of tactics applied within these categories, which range from incorporation to evasion. Through these actions and reactions, the tribes reaffirmed their capacity to assert native agency. Close

• 125. [Image] PH036_6809 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Group of Native American men on horseback;

  	Fourteen Native American men on horeback are riding through an encampment. All are wearing some sort of headdress and tribal costume. Some are carrying staffs with feather adornment. The horses have ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH036_6809 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Group of Native American men on horseback; Year: 1897 Fourteen Native American men on horeback are riding through an encampment. All are wearing some sort of headdress and tribal costume. Some are carrying staffs with feather adornment. The horses have beaded harnesses. They are riding through a meadow edged by a line of trees where people stand watching. There are five tipis spaced along the tree line on the meadow. On the opposite side of the photo is a photographer dressed in European-American clothing and a camera. Some of the people watching are wearing cowboy hats and are wrapped in blankets. Title: PH036_6809 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Group of Native American men on horseback; Year: 1897 Fourteen Native American men on horeback are riding through an encampment. All are wearing some sort of headdress and tribal costume. Some are carrying staffs with feather adornment. The horses have beaded harnesses. They are riding through a meadow edged by a line of trees where people stand watching. There are five tipis spaced along the tree line on the meadow. On the opposite side of the photo is a photographer dressed in European-American clothing and a camera. Some of the people watching are wearing cowboy hats and are wrapped in blankets. Close

• 126. [Article] The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature

  Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2007 Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick Gass's journal through the 2006 publication of Joseph C. Dupris, Kathleen S. Hill, and William Rodgers, Jr.'s 'The Si'lailo Way: Indians, Salmon, and Law on the Columbia River.' The article examines many topics, including early Euro-American incursions, the changes wrought by the Native American land cessions in 1855, and the development of hydroelectric power on the Columbia River, particularly The Dalles Dam, completed in 1957, which destroyed ancient Native American fishing grounds. Title: The meaning of falling water: Celilo Falls and the Dalles in historical literature Author: Lang, William L. Year: 2007 Discusses the changing meaning attached to Celilo Falls and The Dalles and how these places were represented in the published literature from the 1807 edition of Lewis and Clark Expedition sergeant Patrick Gass's journal through the 2006 publication of Joseph C. Dupris, Kathleen S. Hill, and William Rodgers, Jr.'s 'The Si'lailo Way: Indians, Salmon, and Law on the Columbia River.' The article examines many topics, including early Euro-American incursions, the changes wrought by the Native American land cessions in 1855, and the development of hydroelectric power on the Columbia River, particularly The Dalles Dam, completed in 1957, which destroyed ancient Native American fishing grounds. Close

• 127. [Image] Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup. ; PH036_3723

  	A Native American man identified as Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, sits in front of a backdrop. He wears traditional Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat and a headdress with feathers, furs, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup. ; PH036_3723 Year: 1900 A Native American man identified as Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, sits in front of a backdrop. He wears traditional Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat and a headdress with feathers, furs, and other ornamentation. His eyes are closed and in his right hand he holds a medal with a likeness of a European American man in profile. In his left hand he holds an object, possibly a scabbard, that is made of buckskin and decorated with beadwork. Title: Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup. ; PH036_3723 Year: 1900 A Native American man identified as Poker Jim, Chief of Round Up, sits in front of a backdrop. He wears traditional Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat and a headdress with feathers, furs, and other ornamentation. His eyes are closed and in his right hand he holds a medal with a likeness of a European American man in profile. In his left hand he holds an object, possibly a scabbard, that is made of buckskin and decorated with beadwork. Close

• 128. [Image] Poker Jim, Chef of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup.

  	A Native American man, identified as Poker Jim, Chief at Round Up, sits in a chair wearing Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat with fringe, a headdress with eagle feathers, fur and other ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Poker Jim, Chef of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup. Year: 1897 A Native American man, identified as Poker Jim, Chief at Round Up, sits in a chair wearing Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat with fringe, a headdress with eagle feathers, fur and other ornamentation, and moccasins. In his left hand he holds a rifle in a buckskin scabbard ornamented with beadwork, fringe, and an eagle feather. A fur is draped over his right forearm and in his right hand he holds a medal with a likeness of a European American in profile. Title: Poker Jim, Chef of Round Up, Pendleton, OR. ; Poker Jim, chief of Round-up ; Poker Jim, chief of the roundup. Year: 1897 A Native American man, identified as Poker Jim, Chief at Round Up, sits in a chair wearing Native American clothing, including a buckskin coat with fringe, a headdress with eagle feathers, fur and other ornamentation, and moccasins. In his left hand he holds a rifle in a buckskin scabbard ornamented with beadwork, fringe, and an eagle feather. A fur is draped over his right forearm and in his right hand he holds a medal with a likeness of a European American in profile. Close

• 129. [Image] PH036_4292 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Bones, Palouse Indian, in costume.

  	A Native American man, identified incorrectly as Bones of the Palouse tribe, stands on a mat in front of a backdrop. He wears Native American clothing, including a fur hair wrap, choker, bracelet, arm ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PH036_4292 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Bones, Palouse Indian, in costume. Year: 1897 A Native American man, identified incorrectly as Bones of the Palouse tribe, stands on a mat in front of a backdrop. He wears Native American clothing, including a fur hair wrap, choker, bracelet, arm bands, necklaces, shirt, leggings, moccasins, and breechcloth. The man stands in profile to the camera. In his right hand he holds a piece of fabric, possibly a handkerchief. His left hand is raised to his brow. On the ground at his feet is a Euro-American style hat. Tribal members have identified him as Peter Gibbon of the Cayuse tribe. Title: PH036_4292 Lee Moorhouse photographs; Bones, Palouse Indian, in costume. Year: 1897 A Native American man, identified incorrectly as Bones of the Palouse tribe, stands on a mat in front of a backdrop. He wears Native American clothing, including a fur hair wrap, choker, bracelet, arm bands, necklaces, shirt, leggings, moccasins, and breechcloth. The man stands in profile to the camera. In his right hand he holds a piece of fabric, possibly a handkerchief. His left hand is raised to his brow. On the ground at his feet is a Euro-American style hat. Tribal members have identified him as Peter Gibbon of the Cayuse tribe. Close

• 130. [Image] Sargent Sambo

  	Native American youth in traditional clothing and headdress, painted portrait studio backdrop; identified as Shasta Indian Sargent Sambo at age 12
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sargent Sambo Author: Southern Oregon Historical Society Native American youth in traditional clothing and headdress, painted portrait studio backdrop; identified as Shasta Indian Sargent Sambo at age 12 Title: Sargent Sambo Author: Southern Oregon Historical Society Native American youth in traditional clothing and headdress, painted portrait studio backdrop; identified as Shasta Indian Sargent Sambo at age 12 Close