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• 121. [Article] Methodology for Measuring Environmental Efficiency in Aquaculture

  Extended abstract.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Methodology for Measuring Environmental Efficiency in Aquaculture Author: Srtivastava, Alpana Extended abstract. Title: Methodology for Measuring Environmental Efficiency in Aquaculture Author: Srtivastava, Alpana Extended abstract. Close

• 122. [Article] Ecosystem Based Management of MPA - Case study from Nha Trang Bay

  Extended abstract.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem Based Management of MPA - Case study from Nha Trang Bay Author: Chu, Tien Vinh, Callaghan, Bernard, Bui, Thu Hien Extended abstract. Title: Ecosystem Based Management of MPA - Case study from Nha Trang Bay Author: Chu, Tien Vinh, Callaghan, Bernard, Bui, Thu Hien Extended abstract. Close

• 123. [Article] Management & biological conservation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Management & biological conservation Author: Higuchi, Niro, Wilkinson, Charles, Jensen, Deborah B., Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Libby, William J., Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie Title: Management & biological conservation Author: Higuchi, Niro, Wilkinson, Charles, Jensen, Deborah B., Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Libby, William J., Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie Close

• 124. [Article] Natural resources & the 21st century: where are we headed?

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Natural resources & the 21st century: where are we headed? Author: Bunnell, Fred, Moore, Patrick, Liberty, Robert, Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie, Chapman, Don Title: Natural resources & the 21st century: where are we headed? Author: Bunnell, Fred, Moore, Patrick, Liberty, Robert, Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie, Chapman, Don Close

• 125. [Article] !mpacts of different philosophies on natural resources

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: !mpacts of different philosophies on natural resources Author: Cronon, William, Dykstra, Dennis, Angelstam, Per, Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie Title: !mpacts of different philosophies on natural resources Author: Cronon, William, Dykstra, Dennis, Angelstam, Per, Shelby, Bo, 1948-, Oregon State University. College of Forestry, Arbogast, Sandie Close

• 126. [Article] Correlation between structural heterogeneity and arthropod biodiversity : implications for management of Pacific Northwest forests

  The "old-growth controversy" in the Pacific Northwest recognized thinning as the primary silvicultural practice for land managers to produce wildlife habitat while continuing to produce timber. For the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correlation between structural heterogeneity and arthropod biodiversity : implications for management of Pacific Northwest forests Author: Madson, Stephanie Lee The "old-growth controversy" in the Pacific Northwest recognized thinning as the primary silvicultural practice for land managers to produce wildlife habitat while continuing to produce timber. For the foreseeable future, forest stands will be harvested to produce forest gaps and a patchwork of trees of different ages. In order to evaluate the effect of thinning on biodiversity, nine 15-year-old harvests of this type (age=70 years) were paired with adjacent old-growth and even-aged, unthinned "pole" stands. Since soil is the crucible of terrestrial biodiversity, it is critical to contrast the effects upon the forest floor of this future practice with current management. Soil and litter fauna were monitored along 250 meter transects (pitfall and Berlese sampling at ten-meter intervals) to meet the following objectives: 1) to determine biological diversity on public lands, per federal mandate, and use diversity as a management tool; 2) compare levels of biodiversity between three management strategies; 3) determine best methods to assay arthropod diversity; and 4) identify structural and environmental determinants of arthropod diversity and abundance. The study's hypotheses were: 1) old-growth forests will have greater arthropod diversity than thinned stands; 2) thinned stands will have greater arthropod diversity than unthinned stands; and 3) species found within old-growth stands, but not within unthinned pole stands, will also be found in thinned stands. This study contrasted nine Western Hemlock/Douglas-fir sites each with contrasting old-growth, thinned and unthinned pole management stands. Sites were equally blocked in Southern Oregon, the Coast Range, and the Cascade Mountains. No segment of the arthropod fauna. (i.e., pitfall-trapped epigeic macroarthropods, Berlese-extracted litter-dwelling meso- and microarthropods, or soil-dwelling microarthropods) exhibited a management (treatment) effect throughout the entire region. When the regional blocking was removed, within-region analysis generally revealed that old-growth was most distinct. Old-growth stands had the highest abundance of individuals, but were comprised of the fewest species. Thinned stands were characterized by the highest species richness. Within-region analysis revealed an interaction of management effects and specific locale effects; locale effects dominated for soil microarthropods and epigeic macroarthropods, while management options dominated for litter arthropods. Within the Southern Oregon region, I attempted to correlate arthropod community structure (canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of within-stand samples) with a suite of soil chemical and microbiological descriptors. Full analysis of twelve variables within one exemplary stand revealed several potential trends (negative: dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, distance from the beginning of the transect; positive: total CO₂ field respiration, mineralizable nitrogen, water-induced respiration, substrate-induced respiration). Relatively shallow slopes and very low r-value coefficients of correlation characterized all statistical tests. Few of the trends apparent at one site were paralleled at more than one other site; at all sites potential correlates had very low r-values. No community revealed separate clouds in CCA analysis, indicating distinct "micro-communities" of arthropods inhabiting distinct micro-habitats. Lack of distinctive species assemblages and lack of correlation with microhabitat variables indicated that arthropods respond on different temporal and/or spatial scales then the microbial-oriented variables, and that each taxon is responding in an individual manner. Title: Correlation between structural heterogeneity and arthropod biodiversity : implications for management of Pacific Northwest forests Author: Madson, Stephanie Lee The "old-growth controversy" in the Pacific Northwest recognized thinning as the primary silvicultural practice for land managers to produce wildlife habitat while continuing to produce timber. For the foreseeable future, forest stands will be harvested to produce forest gaps and a patchwork of trees of different ages. In order to evaluate the effect of thinning on biodiversity, nine 15-year-old harvests of this type (age=70 years) were paired with adjacent old-growth and even-aged, unthinned "pole" stands. Since soil is the crucible of terrestrial biodiversity, it is critical to contrast the effects upon the forest floor of this future practice with current management. Soil and litter fauna were monitored along 250 meter transects (pitfall and Berlese sampling at ten-meter intervals) to meet the following objectives: 1) to determine biological diversity on public lands, per federal mandate, and use diversity as a management tool; 2) compare levels of biodiversity between three management strategies; 3) determine best methods to assay arthropod diversity; and 4) identify structural and environmental determinants of arthropod diversity and abundance. The study's hypotheses were: 1) old-growth forests will have greater arthropod diversity than thinned stands; 2) thinned stands will have greater arthropod diversity than unthinned stands; and 3) species found within old-growth stands, but not within unthinned pole stands, will also be found in thinned stands. This study contrasted nine Western Hemlock/Douglas-fir sites each with contrasting old-growth, thinned and unthinned pole management stands. Sites were equally blocked in Southern Oregon, the Coast Range, and the Cascade Mountains. No segment of the arthropod fauna. (i.e., pitfall-trapped epigeic macroarthropods, Berlese-extracted litter-dwelling meso- and microarthropods, or soil-dwelling microarthropods) exhibited a management (treatment) effect throughout the entire region. When the regional blocking was removed, within-region analysis generally revealed that old-growth was most distinct. Old-growth stands had the highest abundance of individuals, but were comprised of the fewest species. Thinned stands were characterized by the highest species richness. Within-region analysis revealed an interaction of management effects and specific locale effects; locale effects dominated for soil microarthropods and epigeic macroarthropods, while management options dominated for litter arthropods. Within the Southern Oregon region, I attempted to correlate arthropod community structure (canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of within-stand samples) with a suite of soil chemical and microbiological descriptors. Full analysis of twelve variables within one exemplary stand revealed several potential trends (negative: dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, distance from the beginning of the transect; positive: total CO₂ field respiration, mineralizable nitrogen, water-induced respiration, substrate-induced respiration). Relatively shallow slopes and very low r-value coefficients of correlation characterized all statistical tests. Few of the trends apparent at one site were paralleled at more than one other site; at all sites potential correlates had very low r-values. No community revealed separate clouds in CCA analysis, indicating distinct "micro-communities" of arthropods inhabiting distinct micro-habitats. Lack of distinctive species assemblages and lack of correlation with microhabitat variables indicated that arthropods respond on different temporal and/or spatial scales then the microbial-oriented variables, and that each taxon is responding in an individual manner. Close

• 127. [Article] Northwest forest plan effects on county net migration and employment growth : causality of policy variables, timing of response, relevant time periods, rural vs. metro policy effects and effects on industry employment

  County-level net migration and employment growth rates associated with the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) are examined. The NWFP area encompasses federal land in 53 Oregon, Washington and California counties; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Northwest forest plan effects on county net migration and employment growth : causality of policy variables, timing of response, relevant time periods, rural vs. metro policy effects and effects on industry employment Author: Eichman, Henry N. County-level net migration and employment growth rates associated with the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) are examined. The NWFP area encompasses federal land in 53 Oregon, Washington and California counties; 20 counties adjacent to NWFP counties are also included in the sample. The NWFP was enacted in December of 1993, however, this analysis examines the 24 year time period from 1980 through 2003. Net migration (the change in population due to in-migration and out-migration) and employment growth are represented by a simultaneous equation model (SEM) that is corrected for spatial autocorrelation. While the NWFP land allocations are expected to influence net migration and employment growth, they are potentially determined by similar processes as the endogenous economic indicators. Logistic regression analysis shows the probability that NWFP lands were allocated to biodiversity purposes or to land uses subject to timber harvest depends on natural, political and economic variables. The SEM is run on a yearly basis to explore changes in net migration and employment growth due to policy enactment, future expectations about land allocations, and market fluctuations. These results suggest the time period was characterized by many changes the endogenous variables from the effects of land management. In addition, the yearly analysis suggests that variation in yearly employment growth and net migration may not be sufficient for precise estimation of the effects of the exogenous variables. Pooling the yearly data over policy-relevant time periods is thus appropriate and provides insight into the NWFP effects on the economic indicators. Counties with more land reserved for biodiversity purposes had higher net migration and employment growth. In contrast, counties with more land allocated to extractive uses experienced low net migration. During the period following NWFP enactment, from 1994 to 2003, the classification of land according to NWFP management yields no significant relationship, suggesting adjustment to the NWFP had occurred. The effects of land management variables for rural and metropolitan counties are distinguished in another SEM. Contrary to the popular notion that employment effects were felt in large part by rural counties, this analysis shows changes in employment growth due to policy effects were felt primarily in metropolitan counties within the NWFP region. In addition, higher net migration occurred in rural and metropolitan counties containing land reserved for biodiversity purposes. These counties also experienced a simultaneous increase in employment growth as a result of allocation of these lands. Analysis of employment growth changes in specific industry sectors indicates manufacturing jobs were lost, however, service industry growth was encouraged as a result of NWFP land allocations. In addition, land allocated solely for the purpose of biodiversity services was not associated with changes in the manufacturing employment while potentially promoting growth in service sector employment. Title: Northwest forest plan effects on county net migration and employment growth : causality of policy variables, timing of response, relevant time periods, rural vs. metro policy effects and effects on industry employment Author: Eichman, Henry N. County-level net migration and employment growth rates associated with the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) are examined. The NWFP area encompasses federal land in 53 Oregon, Washington and California counties; 20 counties adjacent to NWFP counties are also included in the sample. The NWFP was enacted in December of 1993, however, this analysis examines the 24 year time period from 1980 through 2003. Net migration (the change in population due to in-migration and out-migration) and employment growth are represented by a simultaneous equation model (SEM) that is corrected for spatial autocorrelation. While the NWFP land allocations are expected to influence net migration and employment growth, they are potentially determined by similar processes as the endogenous economic indicators. Logistic regression analysis shows the probability that NWFP lands were allocated to biodiversity purposes or to land uses subject to timber harvest depends on natural, political and economic variables. The SEM is run on a yearly basis to explore changes in net migration and employment growth due to policy enactment, future expectations about land allocations, and market fluctuations. These results suggest the time period was characterized by many changes the endogenous variables from the effects of land management. In addition, the yearly analysis suggests that variation in yearly employment growth and net migration may not be sufficient for precise estimation of the effects of the exogenous variables. Pooling the yearly data over policy-relevant time periods is thus appropriate and provides insight into the NWFP effects on the economic indicators. Counties with more land reserved for biodiversity purposes had higher net migration and employment growth. In contrast, counties with more land allocated to extractive uses experienced low net migration. During the period following NWFP enactment, from 1994 to 2003, the classification of land according to NWFP management yields no significant relationship, suggesting adjustment to the NWFP had occurred. The effects of land management variables for rural and metropolitan counties are distinguished in another SEM. Contrary to the popular notion that employment effects were felt in large part by rural counties, this analysis shows changes in employment growth due to policy effects were felt primarily in metropolitan counties within the NWFP region. In addition, higher net migration occurred in rural and metropolitan counties containing land reserved for biodiversity purposes. These counties also experienced a simultaneous increase in employment growth as a result of allocation of these lands. Analysis of employment growth changes in specific industry sectors indicates manufacturing jobs were lost, however, service industry growth was encouraged as a result of NWFP land allocations. In addition, land allocated solely for the purpose of biodiversity services was not associated with changes in the manufacturing employment while potentially promoting growth in service sector employment. Close

• 128. [Article] Effects of variation in ecosystem carryover on biodiversity and community structure of forest floor bryophytes and understory vascular plants : a retrospective approach

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of variation in ecosystem carryover on biodiversity and community structure of forest floor bryophytes and understory vascular plants : a retrospective approach Author: Traut, Bibit Halliday Title: Effects of variation in ecosystem carryover on biodiversity and community structure of forest floor bryophytes and understory vascular plants : a retrospective approach Author: Traut, Bibit Halliday Close

• 129. [Article] Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity

  This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity Author: Kolstoe, Sonja Year: 2016 This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity to bird watchers. Panel data (i.e. longitudinal data) are highly desirable for preference estimation. Fortuitously, the diaries of birding excursions by eBird members provide a rich source of spatial data on trips taken, over time by the same individuals, to a variety of birding destinations. Origin and destination data can be combined with exogenous species prevalence information. These combined data sources permit estimation of utility-theoretic choice models that allow derivation of the marginal utilities of avian biodiversity measures as well as the marginal utility of net income (i.e. consumption of other goods and services). Ratios of these marginal utilities yield marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates for numbers of bird species (or numbers of species of different types, in richer specifications). MWTP for levels of other attributes of birding destinations are also derived (e.g. ecosystem type, management regime, seasonal variations, a time trend).\\ The chapters are organized as follows: Chapter 2 is a stand-alone paper that demonstrates the feasibility of a travel-cost based random utility model with the eBird data. This chapter focuses on measuring the total number of bird species at each birding hotspot in Washington and Oregon states. This chapter does not differentiate among types of birders beyond using their recent birding activities in an analysis of habit formation or variety-seeking behavior. For this model, beyond past behavior, a representative consumer is postulated. Chapter 3 starts from the basic specifications identified in Chapter 2 and explores heterogeneous preferences among consumers as well as their preferences for species richness and for different categories of birds. This chapter explores whether different types of birds are relatively more attractive to different types of birders (for example, by gender or by age or by neighborhood characteristics and educational attainment). Chapter 4 is an extension of the work in Chapter 3 to explore how changing site attributes in the face of climate change effects birder welfare. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material. Title: Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity Author: Kolstoe, Sonja Year: 2016 This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity to bird watchers. Panel data (i.e. longitudinal data) are highly desirable for preference estimation. Fortuitously, the diaries of birding excursions by eBird members provide a rich source of spatial data on trips taken, over time by the same individuals, to a variety of birding destinations. Origin and destination data can be combined with exogenous species prevalence information. These combined data sources permit estimation of utility-theoretic choice models that allow derivation of the marginal utilities of avian biodiversity measures as well as the marginal utility of net income (i.e. consumption of other goods and services). Ratios of these marginal utilities yield marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates for numbers of bird species (or numbers of species of different types, in richer specifications). MWTP for levels of other attributes of birding destinations are also derived (e.g. ecosystem type, management regime, seasonal variations, a time trend).\\ The chapters are organized as follows: Chapter 2 is a stand-alone paper that demonstrates the feasibility of a travel-cost based random utility model with the eBird data. This chapter focuses on measuring the total number of bird species at each birding hotspot in Washington and Oregon states. This chapter does not differentiate among types of birders beyond using their recent birding activities in an analysis of habit formation or variety-seeking behavior. For this model, beyond past behavior, a representative consumer is postulated. Chapter 3 starts from the basic specifications identified in Chapter 2 and explores heterogeneous preferences among consumers as well as their preferences for species richness and for different categories of birds. This chapter explores whether different types of birds are relatively more attractive to different types of birders (for example, by gender or by age or by neighborhood characteristics and educational attainment). Chapter 4 is an extension of the work in Chapter 3 to explore how changing site attributes in the face of climate change effects birder welfare. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material. Close

• 130. [Article] How Does Climate Change Adaptation and Carbon Price Policy Affect Forested Landscapes? An Empirical Analysis of Forest Management under Climate Change on the U.S. West Coast

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Does Climate Change Adaptation and Carbon Price Policy Affect Forested Landscapes? An Empirical Analysis of Forest Management under Climate Change on the U.S. West Coast Author: Hashida, Yukiko Title: How Does Climate Change Adaptation and Carbon Price Policy Affect Forested Landscapes? An Empirical Analysis of Forest Management under Climate Change on the U.S. West Coast Author: Hashida, Yukiko Close