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• 1281. [Article] Reforming Fisheries Subsidies

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reforming Fisheries Subsidies Author: Sanjurjo, Enrique, Hernandez Trejo, Victor Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Reforming Fisheries Subsidies Author: Sanjurjo, Enrique, Hernandez Trejo, Victor Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 1282. [Article] Effect of loading rate on damping and stiffness in nailed joints

  The conventional studies for nailed joints vary and no standard methods exist for evaluation of damping in wood joints. Wood buildings experience earthquake-caused oscillation of three or more Hz, but ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of loading rate on damping and stiffness in nailed joints Author: Cha, Jae Kyung The conventional studies for nailed joints vary and no standard methods exist for evaluation of damping in wood joints. Wood buildings experience earthquake-caused oscillation of three or more Hz, but damping values used in design are based on static test. To evaluate damping at loading rates associated with earthquakes, cyclic-load tests were conducted on single-nail joints of wood and plywood. The investigated loading rates were between the static ASTM rate and sine function of 15 Hz. The results showed that damping ratio increased with the frequency-associated loading rate between the static ASTM rate and 4 Hz, then it gradually decreased as the rate was increased to 15 Hz. Another variable, load level, influenced damping ratio at all rates except for 1 Hz. Observation was also made on nail stiffness: at high load level, slip moduli consistently increased between the static ASTM rate and 15 Hz. At low load level, it increased between the ASTM rate and 2.5 Hz and decreased between 2.5 and 15 Hz. Statistical analysis showed that both, damping ratio and slip modulus weakly correlated with loading rate, while work capacity, dissipated energy and total slip displayed strong correlation. Title: Effect of loading rate on damping and stiffness in nailed joints Author: Cha, Jae Kyung The conventional studies for nailed joints vary and no standard methods exist for evaluation of damping in wood joints. Wood buildings experience earthquake-caused oscillation of three or more Hz, but damping values used in design are based on static test. To evaluate damping at loading rates associated with earthquakes, cyclic-load tests were conducted on single-nail joints of wood and plywood. The investigated loading rates were between the static ASTM rate and sine function of 15 Hz. The results showed that damping ratio increased with the frequency-associated loading rate between the static ASTM rate and 4 Hz, then it gradually decreased as the rate was increased to 15 Hz. Another variable, load level, influenced damping ratio at all rates except for 1 Hz. Observation was also made on nail stiffness: at high load level, slip moduli consistently increased between the static ASTM rate and 15 Hz. At low load level, it increased between the ASTM rate and 2.5 Hz and decreased between 2.5 and 15 Hz. Statistical analysis showed that both, damping ratio and slip modulus weakly correlated with loading rate, while work capacity, dissipated energy and total slip displayed strong correlation. Close

• 1283. [Article] Phase equilibria for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system on Dowex 50 W X 4 resin (K⁺) at 90⁰C

  Equilibrium data for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system were taken for Dowex 50 W X 4 resin at 90° C. The sugar concentration was varied from 0% to 60% by weight, and the salt content, from 0% ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phase equilibria for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system on Dowex 50 W X 4 resin (K⁺) at 90⁰C Author: Kalwani, Shantukumar Laxmidas Equilibrium data for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system were taken for Dowex 50 W X 4 resin at 90° C. The sugar concentration was varied from 0% to 60% by weight, and the salt content, from 0% to 6% by weight. Because shrinkage of the resin due to salt absorption was noted, the bulk volume of the resin was determined for the same ranges of sugar and salt concentrations. It was found that as the sugar concentration increased, the absorption of sugar increased, and the absorption of sugar decreased with increasing salt concentrations. The distribution coefficient, the ratio of the concentration of the solute in the liquid in the resin phase to the concentration of the solute in the liquid outside of the resin was found to increase with increasing sucrose concentrations as would be expected for a nonionic substance. The decreased absorption of sucrose with increasing salt concentration is caused by shrinkage of the resin, and a consequent decrease in capacity. Title: Phase equilibria for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system on Dowex 50 W X 4 resin (K⁺) at 90⁰C Author: Kalwani, Shantukumar Laxmidas Equilibrium data for the sucrose-potassium chloride-water system were taken for Dowex 50 W X 4 resin at 90° C. The sugar concentration was varied from 0% to 60% by weight, and the salt content, from 0% to 6% by weight. Because shrinkage of the resin due to salt absorption was noted, the bulk volume of the resin was determined for the same ranges of sugar and salt concentrations. It was found that as the sugar concentration increased, the absorption of sugar increased, and the absorption of sugar decreased with increasing salt concentrations. The distribution coefficient, the ratio of the concentration of the solute in the liquid in the resin phase to the concentration of the solute in the liquid outside of the resin was found to increase with increasing sucrose concentrations as would be expected for a nonionic substance. The decreased absorption of sucrose with increasing salt concentration is caused by shrinkage of the resin, and a consequent decrease in capacity. Close

• 1284. [Article] Studies of soluble particulate isocitrate-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidoreductase activities during development of the chick embryo

  Isocitrate-NADP oxidoreductase activity in mitochondrial and soluble fractions was determined for hearts, livers and brains of chick embryos at various stages of development. One-half to two-thirds of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Studies of soluble particulate isocitrate-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidoreductase activities during development of the chick embryo Author: Baker, Wilber Winston Isocitrate-NADP oxidoreductase activity in mitochondrial and soluble fractions was determined for hearts, livers and brains of chick embryos at various stages of development. One-half to two-thirds of the activity in brain and liver homogenates is located in the soluble fraction. Supernatant activity increases in these organs to a maximum during the latter one-third of development. This increase is correlated with the accumulation of lipids in these tissues and is pressured to furnish reduced NADP for fatty acid synthesis. Most of the activity in heart homogenates is located in the mitochondrial fraction. Particulate activity increases in all three organs during development. This increase is correlated with a general rise in capacity for oxidative metabolism. Possibly the particulate enzyme also functions in reductive synthesis. Heat inactivation studies indicate the particulate and soluble isocitrate-NADP oxidoreductase activities have different isozymic make-ups. A low level of isocitrate-NAD oxidoreductase activity was also demonstrated in some preparations. In no preparation was this activity demonstrated to be greater than ten percent of the NADP dependent activity. The RNA, DNA and nitrogen contents of hearts, livers and brains of chick embryos at various stages of development were also determined. Title: Studies of soluble particulate isocitrate-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidoreductase activities during development of the chick embryo Author: Baker, Wilber Winston Isocitrate-NADP oxidoreductase activity in mitochondrial and soluble fractions was determined for hearts, livers and brains of chick embryos at various stages of development. One-half to two-thirds of the activity in brain and liver homogenates is located in the soluble fraction. Supernatant activity increases in these organs to a maximum during the latter one-third of development. This increase is correlated with the accumulation of lipids in these tissues and is pressured to furnish reduced NADP for fatty acid synthesis. Most of the activity in heart homogenates is located in the mitochondrial fraction. Particulate activity increases in all three organs during development. This increase is correlated with a general rise in capacity for oxidative metabolism. Possibly the particulate enzyme also functions in reductive synthesis. Heat inactivation studies indicate the particulate and soluble isocitrate-NADP oxidoreductase activities have different isozymic make-ups. A low level of isocitrate-NAD oxidoreductase activity was also demonstrated in some preparations. In no preparation was this activity demonstrated to be greater than ten percent of the NADP dependent activity. The RNA, DNA and nitrogen contents of hearts, livers and brains of chick embryos at various stages of development were also determined. Close

• 1285. [Article] Hardware and software methods to improve and accelerate the development cycle of wave energy converters

  With the ever-increasing demand and competition for global energy resources among nations, it is essential to explore and tap into various energy sources to reduce dependency on global markets. Renewable ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hardware and software methods to improve and accelerate the development cycle of wave energy converters Author: Tavakoli, Mike With the ever-increasing demand and competition for global energy resources among nations, it is essential to explore and tap into various energy sources to reduce dependency on global markets. Renewable energy sources offer a significant opportunity to create localized and stable energy supplies. Ocean wave energy can be a promising contributor to the renewable generation portfolio for coastal communities. Developing economically feasible wave energy converters requires thorough analysis and testing of a scaled version of these devices in test tanks prior to full scale implementation. This work presents the design, construction, and performance of a small-scale active mooring system that can be programmed to emulate common mooring configurations for wave energy converters. This allows for a flexible, accurate, and cost-effective system to test mooring designs and their effects on overall performance and behavior of the wave energy converters. The second half of this research models and analyzes the effect of adding energy storage capacity to the wave energy converters and its impact on bus voltage and output power stability. Results show that incorporating ultra-capacitors as an energy storage solution can greatly improve performance and efficiency of the overall system. Title: Hardware and software methods to improve and accelerate the development cycle of wave energy converters Author: Tavakoli, Mike With the ever-increasing demand and competition for global energy resources among nations, it is essential to explore and tap into various energy sources to reduce dependency on global markets. Renewable energy sources offer a significant opportunity to create localized and stable energy supplies. Ocean wave energy can be a promising contributor to the renewable generation portfolio for coastal communities. Developing economically feasible wave energy converters requires thorough analysis and testing of a scaled version of these devices in test tanks prior to full scale implementation. This work presents the design, construction, and performance of a small-scale active mooring system that can be programmed to emulate common mooring configurations for wave energy converters. This allows for a flexible, accurate, and cost-effective system to test mooring designs and their effects on overall performance and behavior of the wave energy converters. The second half of this research models and analyzes the effect of adding energy storage capacity to the wave energy converters and its impact on bus voltage and output power stability. Results show that incorporating ultra-capacitors as an energy storage solution can greatly improve performance and efficiency of the overall system. Close

• 1286. [Article] Design and implementation of a production scheduling system for continuous manufacturing environment

  Scheduling a continuous manufacturing flow shop environment with several machines, stochastic arrival of demands, different product requirements and limited resources is a complex task. This research develops ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Design and implementation of a production scheduling system for continuous manufacturing environment Author: Rai, Nivruti Scheduling a continuous manufacturing flow shop environment with several machines, stochastic arrival of demands, different product requirements and limited resources is a complex task. This research develops a methodology for scheduling products in glass fiber industry. The system consists of two components. An optimizing linear program determines the optimal solution for a sub-problem that accounts for safety stocks, demands, machine capacities, and due dates. The job queues from the LP model are then sequenced based on 'earliest job due date' for machines that have two or more jobs to be performed on the same time. This sequenced solution is then input to a simulation model. The simulation model prioritizes the queue of jobs on each machine so that minimum rate of change of throughput is achieved, while satisfying the due dates. The model was validated for a major fiber galss manufacturer. The results show that the use of an integrated optimizing and heuristic solution system provides better results than current scheduling practice in terms of machine utilization, deviations from target inventories, and on-time jobs. Title: Design and implementation of a production scheduling system for continuous manufacturing environment Author: Rai, Nivruti Scheduling a continuous manufacturing flow shop environment with several machines, stochastic arrival of demands, different product requirements and limited resources is a complex task. This research develops a methodology for scheduling products in glass fiber industry. The system consists of two components. An optimizing linear program determines the optimal solution for a sub-problem that accounts for safety stocks, demands, machine capacities, and due dates. The job queues from the LP model are then sequenced based on 'earliest job due date' for machines that have two or more jobs to be performed on the same time. This sequenced solution is then input to a simulation model. The simulation model prioritizes the queue of jobs on each machine so that minimum rate of change of throughput is achieved, while satisfying the due dates. The model was validated for a major fiber galss manufacturer. The results show that the use of an integrated optimizing and heuristic solution system provides better results than current scheduling practice in terms of machine utilization, deviations from target inventories, and on-time jobs. Close

• 1287. [Article] Liquid entrainment at an upward oriented vertical branch line from a horizontal pipe

  Under simulated accident conditions, tees in the primary coolant loop of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) can deviate from their original design purpose and become separators that effectively remove core ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Liquid entrainment at an upward oriented vertical branch line from a horizontal pipe Author: Welter, Kent B. Under simulated accident conditions, tees in the primary coolant loop of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) can deviate from their original design purpose and become separators that effectively remove core heat sink capacity. This method of primary coolant removal is a phenomelogical subset of phase separation known as liquid entrainment, whereby liquid is forced from its original path by the inertia of the gas. A comprehensive literature review revealed common deficiencies in previous studies. The Westinghouse AP600 advanced reactor design was chosen to assess the validity of entrainment models. Following a systematic scaling analysis of the prototypic design a model separate effects test was proposed and constructed at Oregon State University. Just under 100 tests were run to fill the deficiencies found in the literature review. New data from the Air-water Test Loop for Advanced Thermal-hydraulic Studies (ATLATS) could not be predicted by published correlations. A new theoretical model for predicting liquid entrainment onset and steady state entrainment was developed. Comparison with all available data shows a marked improvement for predicting the mass flow rate out the vertical branch. Title: Liquid entrainment at an upward oriented vertical branch line from a horizontal pipe Author: Welter, Kent B. Under simulated accident conditions, tees in the primary coolant loop of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) can deviate from their original design purpose and become separators that effectively remove core heat sink capacity. This method of primary coolant removal is a phenomelogical subset of phase separation known as liquid entrainment, whereby liquid is forced from its original path by the inertia of the gas. A comprehensive literature review revealed common deficiencies in previous studies. The Westinghouse AP600 advanced reactor design was chosen to assess the validity of entrainment models. Following a systematic scaling analysis of the prototypic design a model separate effects test was proposed and constructed at Oregon State University. Just under 100 tests were run to fill the deficiencies found in the literature review. New data from the Air-water Test Loop for Advanced Thermal-hydraulic Studies (ATLATS) could not be predicted by published correlations. A new theoretical model for predicting liquid entrainment onset and steady state entrainment was developed. Comparison with all available data shows a marked improvement for predicting the mass flow rate out the vertical branch. Close

• 1288. [Article] Interrelationships of spodosols, andepts, and ultisols on coastal terraces in Curry County, Oregon

  Distribution and characteristics of soils were determined across a series of six coastal terraces in Curry Co., Oregon. Classification of soils and interrelationships of properties were determined. Soil-landscape ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interrelationships of spodosols, andepts, and ultisols on coastal terraces in Curry County, Oregon Author: Hoppe, Diane A. S. Distribution and characteristics of soils were determined across a series of six coastal terraces in Curry Co., Oregon. Classification of soils and interrelationships of properties were determined. Soil-landscape relationships were examined and soil profile development related to relative ages of terraces. Ten pedons were sampled from five terraces of Pleistocene age. All profiles were analyzed for particle size distribution; bulk density; water retention, -1.5 MPa; aluminum and iron extracted with oxalate, citrate-dithionite and sodium pyrophosphate; pH; phosphate retention; exchangeable aluminum; organic carbon; and cation exchange capacity. Andeptic Humitropepts occur on intermediate terraces, in close proximity to the coast. Andeptic Haplohumults occur on the better drained areas of the intermediate terrace, but further inland. Soils in less well drained areas of the intermediate and higher terraces classify as Spodosols, based on morphological features. Ultisols occur on the highest terraces. Profile morphology, particle size and iron extracts are compared between terraces to derive age relationships. Title: Interrelationships of spodosols, andepts, and ultisols on coastal terraces in Curry County, Oregon Author: Hoppe, Diane A. S. Distribution and characteristics of soils were determined across a series of six coastal terraces in Curry Co., Oregon. Classification of soils and interrelationships of properties were determined. Soil-landscape relationships were examined and soil profile development related to relative ages of terraces. Ten pedons were sampled from five terraces of Pleistocene age. All profiles were analyzed for particle size distribution; bulk density; water retention, -1.5 MPa; aluminum and iron extracted with oxalate, citrate-dithionite and sodium pyrophosphate; pH; phosphate retention; exchangeable aluminum; organic carbon; and cation exchange capacity. Andeptic Humitropepts occur on intermediate terraces, in close proximity to the coast. Andeptic Haplohumults occur on the better drained areas of the intermediate terrace, but further inland. Soils in less well drained areas of the intermediate and higher terraces classify as Spodosols, based on morphological features. Ultisols occur on the highest terraces. Profile morphology, particle size and iron extracts are compared between terraces to derive age relationships. Close

• 1289. [Article] Soil Matters: Improving Forest Landscape Planning and Management for Diverse Objectives with Soils Information and Expertise

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil Matters: Improving Forest Landscape Planning and Management for Diverse Objectives with Soils Information and Expertise Author: Bennett, Karen A., Adams, Paul W., Craigg, Terry L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society of American Foresters and can be found at: http://www.safnet.org/publications/jof/index.cfm/ Title: Soil Matters: Improving Forest Landscape Planning and Management for Diverse Objectives with Soils Information and Expertise Author: Bennett, Karen A., Adams, Paul W., Craigg, Terry L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society of American Foresters and can be found at: http://www.safnet.org/publications/jof/index.cfm/ Close

• 1290. [Article] Food as a source of nitrosatable amines

  Beer, nonfat dry milk, fried bacon and microwave baked fish were treated under simulated gastric and extreme nitrosation conditions to estimate their capacity for generation of endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Food as a source of nitrosatable amines Author: McIntyre, Timothy Beer, nonfat dry milk, fried bacon and microwave baked fish were treated under simulated gastric and extreme nitrosation conditions to estimate their capacity for generation of endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. The level of nitrosamines in beer increased from 0.1 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine to 0.4 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (p < 0.05) under simulated gastric nitrosation. The levels in the other food products were not increased under the same simulated gastric conditions (p < 0.05). Extreme nitrosation illustrated that food has a large nitrosatable amine content. Beer produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine. Nonfat dry milk produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine. Fish produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Overall, certain food products provide exposure to ample amounts of nitrosatable amines, but it appears that these food products do not produce a significantly increased risk from endogenous N-nitrosamine exposure. Title: Food as a source of nitrosatable amines Author: McIntyre, Timothy Beer, nonfat dry milk, fried bacon and microwave baked fish were treated under simulated gastric and extreme nitrosation conditions to estimate their capacity for generation of endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. The level of nitrosamines in beer increased from 0.1 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine to 0.4 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (p < 0.05) under simulated gastric nitrosation. The levels in the other food products were not increased under the same simulated gastric conditions (p < 0.05). Extreme nitrosation illustrated that food has a large nitrosatable amine content. Beer produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine. Nonfat dry milk produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine. Fish produced elevated levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Overall, certain food products provide exposure to ample amounts of nitrosatable amines, but it appears that these food products do not produce a significantly increased risk from endogenous N-nitrosamine exposure. Close