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• 101. [Article] Mapping Stripe Rust Resistance in a BrundageXCoda Winter Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Population

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mapping Stripe Rust Resistance in a BrundageXCoda Winter Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Population Author: Case, Austin J., Carter, Arron H., Zemetra, Robert S., Naruoka, Yukiko, Chen, Xianming, Garland-Campbell, Kimberly A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Mapping Stripe Rust Resistance in a BrundageXCoda Winter Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Population Author: Case, Austin J., Carter, Arron H., Zemetra, Robert S., Naruoka, Yukiko, Chen, Xianming, Garland-Campbell, Kimberly A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 102. [Article] In situ transformation of toluene and xylene to benzylsuccinic acid analogs in contaminated groundwater

  The rate of removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the xylene isomers (BTEX) from contaminated groundwater is needed to design remediation processes. Benzylsuccinic acid (BSA) and methyl-benzylsuccinic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: In situ transformation of toluene and xylene to benzylsuccinic acid analogs in contaminated groundwater Author: Reusser, Dominik E. The rate of removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the xylene isomers (BTEX) from contaminated groundwater is needed to design remediation processes. Benzylsuccinic acid (BSA) and methyl-benzylsuccinic acid (methyl BSA) are unambiguous metabolites of anaerobic BTEX biodegradation. An analytical method for quantitative determination of BSA in groundwater samples was developed. Samples containing BSA and methyl BSA were extracted onto 0.5 g of styrene-divinylbenzene, eluted with ethyl acetate, and methylated with diazomethane. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization was used for separation and detection. The recovery from spiked 1 L groundwater samples was 88 to 100 %. The precision of the method, indicated by the relative standard error was ± 4% with a method detection limit of 0.2 μg/L. The method was then used to analyze samples from single-well push-pull tests conducted by injecting deuterated toluene and xylene into BTEX-contaminated wells in order to demonstrate in-situ biodegradation. Unambiguous evidence for deuterated toluene and xylene biodegradation was obtained with the observation of deuterated BSA and methyl BSA coupled with the utilization of nitrate presumably due to denitrification as terminal-electron-accepting process. Minimum first-order degradation rates for deuterated toluene estimated from formation of BSA were 0.0004 to 0.001 day⁻¹. Rates of methyl BSA formation were not calculated because methyl BSA, although detected, was not above the quantitation limit. Removal rates of deuterated toluene and o-xylene were not directly measurable because the rates were too low to measure significant changes in parent compound concentrations. Wells for which the formation of deuterated BSA and methyl BSA were observed had lower relative concentrations of toluene and xylenes relative to total BTEX than wells for which no deuterated BSA and methyl BSA were observed. Retardation factors for injected deuterated toluene and background toluene of 2 and 14, respectively, were obtained from push-pull tests conducted to determine toluene transport properties. Differences in retardation factors for injected and background toluene indicate differences between injected and background solute transport and is a topic that requires further study. Title: In situ transformation of toluene and xylene to benzylsuccinic acid analogs in contaminated groundwater Author: Reusser, Dominik E. The rate of removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the xylene isomers (BTEX) from contaminated groundwater is needed to design remediation processes. Benzylsuccinic acid (BSA) and methyl-benzylsuccinic acid (methyl BSA) are unambiguous metabolites of anaerobic BTEX biodegradation. An analytical method for quantitative determination of BSA in groundwater samples was developed. Samples containing BSA and methyl BSA were extracted onto 0.5 g of styrene-divinylbenzene, eluted with ethyl acetate, and methylated with diazomethane. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization was used for separation and detection. The recovery from spiked 1 L groundwater samples was 88 to 100 %. The precision of the method, indicated by the relative standard error was ± 4% with a method detection limit of 0.2 μg/L. The method was then used to analyze samples from single-well push-pull tests conducted by injecting deuterated toluene and xylene into BTEX-contaminated wells in order to demonstrate in-situ biodegradation. Unambiguous evidence for deuterated toluene and xylene biodegradation was obtained with the observation of deuterated BSA and methyl BSA coupled with the utilization of nitrate presumably due to denitrification as terminal-electron-accepting process. Minimum first-order degradation rates for deuterated toluene estimated from formation of BSA were 0.0004 to 0.001 day⁻¹. Rates of methyl BSA formation were not calculated because methyl BSA, although detected, was not above the quantitation limit. Removal rates of deuterated toluene and o-xylene were not directly measurable because the rates were too low to measure significant changes in parent compound concentrations. Wells for which the formation of deuterated BSA and methyl BSA were observed had lower relative concentrations of toluene and xylenes relative to total BTEX than wells for which no deuterated BSA and methyl BSA were observed. Retardation factors for injected deuterated toluene and background toluene of 2 and 14, respectively, were obtained from push-pull tests conducted to determine toluene transport properties. Differences in retardation factors for injected and background toluene indicate differences between injected and background solute transport and is a topic that requires further study. Close

• 103. [Article] Transfer, characterization and mapping of white mold resistance in an advanced backcross interspecific population between Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus

  The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was employed on snap bean (OR 91G x PI433251B) and dry bean (M0162 x PI433251B) interspecific populations to transfer resistance QTL ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transfer, characterization and mapping of white mold resistance in an advanced backcross interspecific population between Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus Author: Zimmerman, Shawna Jean The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was employed on snap bean (OR 91G x PI433251B) and dry bean (M0162 x PI433251B) interspecific populations to transfer resistance QTL from resistant donor parent Phaseolus coccineus into P. vulgaris. For OR 91G x PI433251B, analyses produced nine linkage groups corresponding to eight core linkage groups for P. vulgaris consisting of 40 markers covering 336.7 cM (approximately 28.1% of the estimated bean genome). MQM mapping revealed one QTL that was located on linkage group Pv05 (LOD of 3.2) associated with 2009 percent field severity and accounted for 6.4% of the phenotypic variation. For M0162 x PI433251B, three linkage groups were observed, corresponding to three core linkage groups for P. vulgaris and consisted of 11 markers covering 42.44 cM (approximately 3.5% of the estimated bean genome). One QTL was identified with MQM mapping on linkage group Pv02 with a LOD of 1.8 and associated with the 2009 percent field severity, and accounted for 9.8% of the phenotypic variation. Because many SSR markers with known locations on previously published common bean linkage maps were unlinked, we constructed virtual maps to order polymorphic SSRs. In conjunction with single factor analysis and the Kruskall-Wallis analysis, probable locations of QTL were identified in the absence of the traditional QTL mapping. In addition to QTL mapping, trends for interspecific populations were investigated by comparing three different populations: the two populations being reported in this document for the first time (OR 91G x PI433251B and M0162 x PI433251B) and the previously analyzed OR 91G x PI255956. The general trends for interspecific populations were severe segregation distortion attributed to overrepresentation of heterozygotes, low marker polymorphism and regions of the genome that appear to recombine infrequently. Title: Transfer, characterization and mapping of white mold resistance in an advanced backcross interspecific population between Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus Author: Zimmerman, Shawna Jean The advanced backcross-quatitative trait loci (AB-QTL) breeding method was employed on snap bean (OR 91G x PI433251B) and dry bean (M0162 x PI433251B) interspecific populations to transfer resistance QTL from resistant donor parent Phaseolus coccineus into P. vulgaris. For OR 91G x PI433251B, analyses produced nine linkage groups corresponding to eight core linkage groups for P. vulgaris consisting of 40 markers covering 336.7 cM (approximately 28.1% of the estimated bean genome). MQM mapping revealed one QTL that was located on linkage group Pv05 (LOD of 3.2) associated with 2009 percent field severity and accounted for 6.4% of the phenotypic variation. For M0162 x PI433251B, three linkage groups were observed, corresponding to three core linkage groups for P. vulgaris and consisted of 11 markers covering 42.44 cM (approximately 3.5% of the estimated bean genome). One QTL was identified with MQM mapping on linkage group Pv02 with a LOD of 1.8 and associated with the 2009 percent field severity, and accounted for 9.8% of the phenotypic variation. Because many SSR markers with known locations on previously published common bean linkage maps were unlinked, we constructed virtual maps to order polymorphic SSRs. In conjunction with single factor analysis and the Kruskall-Wallis analysis, probable locations of QTL were identified in the absence of the traditional QTL mapping. In addition to QTL mapping, trends for interspecific populations were investigated by comparing three different populations: the two populations being reported in this document for the first time (OR 91G x PI433251B and M0162 x PI433251B) and the previously analyzed OR 91G x PI255956. The general trends for interspecific populations were severe segregation distortion attributed to overrepresentation of heterozygotes, low marker polymorphism and regions of the genome that appear to recombine infrequently. Close

• 104. [Article] The effect of bud self pollination, open flower self pollination, and cross pollination on the field characteristics of broccoli progenies

  To determine the effect of bud pollination, compared to pollination of open flowers and crossing, on field characteristics of broccoli progenies, an experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 at Corvallis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of bud self pollination, open flower self pollination, and cross pollination on the field characteristics of broccoli progenies Author: Yin, Yun-Fu To determine the effect of bud pollination, compared to pollination of open flowers and crossing, on field characteristics of broccoli progenies, an experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 at Corvallis, Oregon. Single plants of 55 broccoli lines were pollinated, using four methods, i.e. bud pollination (BP), open flower pollination (OS), open flower pollination with ether treatment as an aid (OSE), and crossing with a common parent (CP). BP resulted in a substantially greater number of seed set per cluster than OS or OSE and slightly less than CP. There was a significant overall effect of pollination methods on seed weight, but it was the result of greater seed weight resulting from CP compared to other treatments. Broccoli lines differed greatly in seed weight and number of seeds per cluster. The use of ether did not significantly increase number of seed per cluster or seed weight. Thirty-nine lines were direct seeded in the field. Because of seed shortages and seedling losses, the experimental design of four replications in a randomized block was complete for only seven lines, and a total of 20 lines had at least one replication for each treatment. Separate analyses were made of the data for these seven lines and 20 lines respectively. In the field-grown progenies, the quantitative characteristics of plant height, plant weight, and head diameter, were greater for CP, intermediate for OS-OSE, and lowest for BP. Head weight was similarly, but less conclusively affected. Number of days to head emergence was longer in progenies from BP than OS-OSE, and those from OS-OSE took longer than progenies from CP. Number of days to harvest maturity followed the same pattern in the analysis of 20 lines but was inconclusive in the analysis of seven lines. Results for floret size and rosetting were generally inconclusive. The experiment generally supported the hypothesis that BP results in progenies with less plant vigor than those pollinated after normal anthesis (OS). The use of ether as an aid in open flower pollination generally had no effect on the field characteristics of resulting progenies. Title: The effect of bud self pollination, open flower self pollination, and cross pollination on the field characteristics of broccoli progenies Author: Yin, Yun-Fu To determine the effect of bud pollination, compared to pollination of open flowers and crossing, on field characteristics of broccoli progenies, an experiment was conducted in 1974 and 1975 at Corvallis, Oregon. Single plants of 55 broccoli lines were pollinated, using four methods, i.e. bud pollination (BP), open flower pollination (OS), open flower pollination with ether treatment as an aid (OSE), and crossing with a common parent (CP). BP resulted in a substantially greater number of seed set per cluster than OS or OSE and slightly less than CP. There was a significant overall effect of pollination methods on seed weight, but it was the result of greater seed weight resulting from CP compared to other treatments. Broccoli lines differed greatly in seed weight and number of seeds per cluster. The use of ether did not significantly increase number of seed per cluster or seed weight. Thirty-nine lines were direct seeded in the field. Because of seed shortages and seedling losses, the experimental design of four replications in a randomized block was complete for only seven lines, and a total of 20 lines had at least one replication for each treatment. Separate analyses were made of the data for these seven lines and 20 lines respectively. In the field-grown progenies, the quantitative characteristics of plant height, plant weight, and head diameter, were greater for CP, intermediate for OS-OSE, and lowest for BP. Head weight was similarly, but less conclusively affected. Number of days to head emergence was longer in progenies from BP than OS-OSE, and those from OS-OSE took longer than progenies from CP. Number of days to harvest maturity followed the same pattern in the analysis of 20 lines but was inconclusive in the analysis of seven lines. Results for floret size and rosetting were generally inconclusive. The experiment generally supported the hypothesis that BP results in progenies with less plant vigor than those pollinated after normal anthesis (OS). The use of ether as an aid in open flower pollination generally had no effect on the field characteristics of resulting progenies. Close

• 105. [Article] Use of Pyrosequencing Technology to Genotype Imidazolinone-Tolerant Wheat

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and can be found at: https://www.crop...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of Pyrosequencing Technology to Genotype Imidazolinone-Tolerant Wheat Author: Fischinger, Frank, Ellison, Mackenzie T., Zemetra, Robert S., Kuhl, Joseph C. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and can be found at: https://www.crops.org/publications/cs. Title: Use of Pyrosequencing Technology to Genotype Imidazolinone-Tolerant Wheat Author: Fischinger, Frank, Ellison, Mackenzie T., Zemetra, Robert S., Kuhl, Joseph C. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and can be found at: https://www.crops.org/publications/cs. Close

• 106. [Article] Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Standard Reference Materials Using GC×GC/ToF-MS

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-chrom...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Standard Reference Materials Using GC×GC/ToF-MS Author: Hoh, Eunha, Manzano, Carlos, Simonich, Staci L. Massey This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-chromatography-a. Title: Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Standard Reference Materials Using GC×GC/ToF-MS Author: Hoh, Eunha, Manzano, Carlos, Simonich, Staci L. Massey This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-chromatography-a. Close

• 107. [Article] Genomic and phenotypic characterization of in vitro-generated Chlamydia trachomatis recombinants

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Genomic and phenotypic characterization of in vitro-generated Chlamydia trachomatis recombinants Author: Jeffrey, Brendan M., Rockey, Daniel D., Sandoz, Kelsi M., Suchland, Robert J., Eriksen, Steven G. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/. Title: Genomic and phenotypic characterization of in vitro-generated Chlamydia trachomatis recombinants Author: Jeffrey, Brendan M., Rockey, Daniel D., Sandoz, Kelsi M., Suchland, Robert J., Eriksen, Steven G. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/. Close

• 108. [Article] Study of simultaneous codeposition of metals at solid electrodes

  As with many pairs of metals, the electrodeposition of Pb-Tl, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Ni at solid electrodes yielded partial polarization curves shifted from the polarization curves of the single metals. The curves ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Study of simultaneous codeposition of metals at solid electrodes Author: Yindepit, Somrat As with many pairs of metals, the electrodeposition of Pb-Tl, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Ni at solid electrodes yielded partial polarization curves shifted from the polarization curves of the single metals. The curves for the more noble metals (Pb, Cu) were shifted negatively while the less noble metals'(Tl, Cd, Ni) curves were shifted positively. Such shifts are found to be related to the difference in the binding energy between atoms of the same metals and between atoms of different metals. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the heat of sublimation, and subsequently the strength of the metallic bond, of the alloy is typically higher than the heat of sublimation of the less noble component, but lower than that of the more noble component. Thus, the incorporation of the atoms of the less noble metal into the alloy lattice is energetically more favorable than the incorporation into the same lattice of the less noble metal. Similarly, the incorporation of the atoms of the more noble metal into the alloy lattice is energetically less favorable than incorporation into the same crystal lattice of the more noble metal. The heats of sublimation of the alloys of Ag-Cd, Ag-Zn, Au-Cu, Co-Fe, Cu-Cd, Cu-Ni, Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Fe-Zn, Ni-Fe, and Pb -Tl have been calculated and tabulated together with the heats of sublimation of the parent metals. The direction of the shift of the partial polarization curves of these metals during codeposition indeed, confirm the thermodynamic considerations. The principles developed here should be useful in the study of codeposition of alloys and in analytical applications of solid electrodes. The simultaneous codeposition of Pb-Tl, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Ni were explored by cyclic voltammetry and stripping analysis. In support of this, a Cyclic Voltammetry Programmer, an Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Timer, and associated hardware were constructed. Shift in stripping potentials were observed during anodic dissolution of alloys. The stripping potentials shifted in the same direction as the deposition potentials shifted in partial polarization curves. Title: Study of simultaneous codeposition of metals at solid electrodes Author: Yindepit, Somrat As with many pairs of metals, the electrodeposition of Pb-Tl, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Ni at solid electrodes yielded partial polarization curves shifted from the polarization curves of the single metals. The curves for the more noble metals (Pb, Cu) were shifted negatively while the less noble metals'(Tl, Cd, Ni) curves were shifted positively. Such shifts are found to be related to the difference in the binding energy between atoms of the same metals and between atoms of different metals. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the heat of sublimation, and subsequently the strength of the metallic bond, of the alloy is typically higher than the heat of sublimation of the less noble component, but lower than that of the more noble component. Thus, the incorporation of the atoms of the less noble metal into the alloy lattice is energetically more favorable than the incorporation into the same lattice of the less noble metal. Similarly, the incorporation of the atoms of the more noble metal into the alloy lattice is energetically less favorable than incorporation into the same crystal lattice of the more noble metal. The heats of sublimation of the alloys of Ag-Cd, Ag-Zn, Au-Cu, Co-Fe, Cu-Cd, Cu-Ni, Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Fe-Zn, Ni-Fe, and Pb -Tl have been calculated and tabulated together with the heats of sublimation of the parent metals. The direction of the shift of the partial polarization curves of these metals during codeposition indeed, confirm the thermodynamic considerations. The principles developed here should be useful in the study of codeposition of alloys and in analytical applications of solid electrodes. The simultaneous codeposition of Pb-Tl, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Ni were explored by cyclic voltammetry and stripping analysis. In support of this, a Cyclic Voltammetry Programmer, an Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Timer, and associated hardware were constructed. Shift in stripping potentials were observed during anodic dissolution of alloys. The stripping potentials shifted in the same direction as the deposition potentials shifted in partial polarization curves. Close

• 109. [Article] Gender role attitudes among Thai college students : traditional or egalitarian?

  The purpose of this investigation is to explore gender role attitudes among Thai college students and to determine whether differences in gender role attitudes among Thai college students are related to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender role attitudes among Thai college students : traditional or egalitarian? Author: Surinya, Tippavan The purpose of this investigation is to explore gender role attitudes among Thai college students and to determine whether differences in gender role attitudes among Thai college students are related to the sex of students, college major and family structure. To investigate this problem a Gender Role Attitude Inventory is developed and three hypothesis are developed. Research participants include 300 junior/undergraduate college students at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand. Frequencies and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the sample and inferential statistics are used to interpret the data and to answer the research question posed. The group West is used to compare the mean difference of students' gender role attitude scores between male and female students, between female students who participate in traditional feminine college majors and those who are involved in nontraditional college majors, and between students who grew up in families where both parents worked outside the home and those who were raised in families where fathers were employed and mothers did not work outside the home. The results show that female students expressed significantly more egalitarian gender role attitudes than male students. Female students with nontraditional majors tend to demonstrate more egalitarian gender role attitudes than those with traditional majors. Students from dual-earner families, where both father and mother worked outside the home, are shown to have higher levels of egalitarian gender role attitudes as compare to students from single-earner families, where fathers were employed outside the home and mothers were not employed in wage labor. Title: Gender role attitudes among Thai college students : traditional or egalitarian? Author: Surinya, Tippavan The purpose of this investigation is to explore gender role attitudes among Thai college students and to determine whether differences in gender role attitudes among Thai college students are related to the sex of students, college major and family structure. To investigate this problem a Gender Role Attitude Inventory is developed and three hypothesis are developed. Research participants include 300 junior/undergraduate college students at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand. Frequencies and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the sample and inferential statistics are used to interpret the data and to answer the research question posed. The group West is used to compare the mean difference of students' gender role attitude scores between male and female students, between female students who participate in traditional feminine college majors and those who are involved in nontraditional college majors, and between students who grew up in families where both parents worked outside the home and those who were raised in families where fathers were employed and mothers did not work outside the home. The results show that female students expressed significantly more egalitarian gender role attitudes than male students. Female students with nontraditional majors tend to demonstrate more egalitarian gender role attitudes than those with traditional majors. Students from dual-earner families, where both father and mother worked outside the home, are shown to have higher levels of egalitarian gender role attitudes as compare to students from single-earner families, where fathers were employed outside the home and mothers were not employed in wage labor. Close

• 110. [Article] Supporting the Families of International Graduate Students with Accompanying Dependents

  Research universities in the United States recognize the importance of attracting graduate students from around the world to make global collaborations possible and to take advantage of the worldwide demand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Supporting the Families of International Graduate Students with Accompanying Dependents Author: Rains, Shalece L. Research universities in the United States recognize the importance of attracting graduate students from around the world to make global collaborations possible and to take advantage of the worldwide demand for higher education. Educational research has developed a large body of literature on the specialized supports that improve successful outcomes for international graduate students; however, accompanying spouses need more attention in research as well as in practice. The current case study is designed to explore how research universities support international graduate students with dependents, under the assumption that supporting student success includes welcoming and supporting the dependent spouses. The present multisite, embedded single case study is designed to determine the range of ecological levels present in the set of interventions--programs and policies that address (1) orientation, (2) social engagement, (3) skills training, (4) opportunities to serve, and (5) space for critical dialog--at each of the universities sampled. The study found emerging tendencies to include accompanying spouses in communications and programming, although the norm is still to address a student-only audience. Of the five critical services identified, programs and policies related to orientation and social engagement were more often inclusive of accompanying spouses whereas sponsored opportunities for community engagement through volunteer service and for dialogue around critical issues were least likely to be available. This preliminary study is intended to encourage the application of ecological theory and environmental assessment (Schuh & Upcraft, 2001; Strange & Banning, 2001) of international student service units to promote the full engagement of international graduate students and accompanying spouses. Title: Supporting the Families of International Graduate Students with Accompanying Dependents Author: Rains, Shalece L. Research universities in the United States recognize the importance of attracting graduate students from around the world to make global collaborations possible and to take advantage of the worldwide demand for higher education. Educational research has developed a large body of literature on the specialized supports that improve successful outcomes for international graduate students; however, accompanying spouses need more attention in research as well as in practice. The current case study is designed to explore how research universities support international graduate students with dependents, under the assumption that supporting student success includes welcoming and supporting the dependent spouses. The present multisite, embedded single case study is designed to determine the range of ecological levels present in the set of interventions--programs and policies that address (1) orientation, (2) social engagement, (3) skills training, (4) opportunities to serve, and (5) space for critical dialog--at each of the universities sampled. The study found emerging tendencies to include accompanying spouses in communications and programming, although the norm is still to address a student-only audience. Of the five critical services identified, programs and policies related to orientation and social engagement were more often inclusive of accompanying spouses whereas sponsored opportunities for community engagement through volunteer service and for dialogue around critical issues were least likely to be available. This preliminary study is intended to encourage the application of ecological theory and environmental assessment (Schuh & Upcraft, 2001; Strange & Banning, 2001) of international student service units to promote the full engagement of international graduate students and accompanying spouses. Close