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• 81. [Article] Case Studies on Co-management of Artisanal Fisheries of Sri Lanka

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Case Studies on Co-management of Artisanal Fisheries of Sri Lanka Author: Wattage, Premachandra, Amarasinghe, Upali S., Gunawardane, Nuwan D.P. Research Paper Title: Case Studies on Co-management of Artisanal Fisheries of Sri Lanka Author: Wattage, Premachandra, Amarasinghe, Upali S., Gunawardane, Nuwan D.P. Research Paper Close

• 82. [Article] Developing an Agricultural Water Efficiency Strategy to Help Meet Oregon’s Water Needs

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developing an Agricultural Water Efficiency Strategy to Help Meet Oregon’s Water Needs Author: Huntsinger, Teresa Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Developing an Agricultural Water Efficiency Strategy to Help Meet Oregon’s Water Needs Author: Huntsinger, Teresa Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 83. [Article] Sage Grouse Initiative 2.0 Investment Strategy, FY 2015-2018

  The greater sage-grouse, an iconic ground-dwelling bird of the West, has experienced significant population declines during the past 50 years from habitat loss. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sage Grouse Initiative 2.0 Investment Strategy, FY 2015-2018 Author: United States Department of Agriculture The greater sage-grouse, an iconic ground-dwelling bird of the West, has experienced significant population declines during the past 50 years from habitat loss. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) designated sage grouse in 2010 as a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In September 2015, the FWS will determine whether to list the greater sage-grouse under the ESA or find that ongoing efforts to restore and protect sagebrush habitat are sufficient to ensure their long-term survival. Loss and fragmentation of sage grouse habitat is the primary threat and has a number of contributors, including human development and encroachment of conifer trees and invasive plants. NRCS is working with ranchers to address these threats on private lands through restoring and protecting key sage grouse habitat while ensuring grazing lands remain sustainable and profitable. NRCS launched the Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) in 2010 to focus efforts that reduce threats facing sage grouse and the working lands that provide their habitat. NRCS uses a variety of Farm Bill conservation programs to restore and protect habitat, including habitat improvements through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and long-term conservation easements through the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). Since 2010, NRCS has invested more than $296.5 million to implement SGI. Conservation partners and landowners have contributed an additional $128 million, bringing the total SGI investment to $424.5 million. Sage Grouse Initiative 2.0 NRCS plans to commit approximately $211 million to SGI over the life of the 2014 Farm Bill, providing partners with certainty that conservation will continue well into the future. SGI 2.0 will invest around $93 million in habitat restoration through EQIP and $100 million in conservation easements through ACEP. NRCS will invest the remaining $18 million to support SGI staff and partners who work with ranchers and other partners to implement conservation actions on the ground and quantify resulting outcomes. This four-year commitment combined with funds leveraged by partners will bring the total SGI investment to approximately $760 million. Already underway in 2015, additional resources are enabling SGI to nearly double past achievements, putting SGI on the path to conserve about 8 million acres by 2018. NRCS also plans to add the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) as another tool for conservation, beginning with a pilot in 2015 of up to 275,000 acres. CSP, like EQIP, provides technical and financial assistance to ranchers who restore habitat. Through the new Regional Conservation Partnership Program, NRCS partners have opportunities to propose projects that benefit sage grouse habitat. Agency leaders and partners worked together at the state level to describe priorities for reducing threats to sage grouse habitat, identifying locations for projects and cost estimates. SGI 2.0 combines plans from 11 states into one cohesive, rangewide plan that will guide the agency’s conservation efforts. SGI 2.0 aligns with plans of local, state and federal partners, including plans by governors, the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service. The four-year strategy enables NRCS to better position staff for implementation and provides time for partners to leverage additional funding for identified priorities. Title: Sage Grouse Initiative 2.0 Investment Strategy, FY 2015-2018 Author: United States Department of Agriculture The greater sage-grouse, an iconic ground-dwelling bird of the West, has experienced significant population declines during the past 50 years from habitat loss. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) designated sage grouse in 2010 as a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In September 2015, the FWS will determine whether to list the greater sage-grouse under the ESA or find that ongoing efforts to restore and protect sagebrush habitat are sufficient to ensure their long-term survival. Loss and fragmentation of sage grouse habitat is the primary threat and has a number of contributors, including human development and encroachment of conifer trees and invasive plants. NRCS is working with ranchers to address these threats on private lands through restoring and protecting key sage grouse habitat while ensuring grazing lands remain sustainable and profitable. NRCS launched the Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) in 2010 to focus efforts that reduce threats facing sage grouse and the working lands that provide their habitat. NRCS uses a variety of Farm Bill conservation programs to restore and protect habitat, including habitat improvements through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and long-term conservation easements through the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). Since 2010, NRCS has invested more than $296.5 million to implement SGI. Conservation partners and landowners have contributed an additional $128 million, bringing the total SGI investment to $424.5 million. Sage Grouse Initiative 2.0 NRCS plans to commit approximately $211 million to SGI over the life of the 2014 Farm Bill, providing partners with certainty that conservation will continue well into the future. SGI 2.0 will invest around $93 million in habitat restoration through EQIP and $100 million in conservation easements through ACEP. NRCS will invest the remaining $18 million to support SGI staff and partners who work with ranchers and other partners to implement conservation actions on the ground and quantify resulting outcomes. This four-year commitment combined with funds leveraged by partners will bring the total SGI investment to approximately $760 million. Already underway in 2015, additional resources are enabling SGI to nearly double past achievements, putting SGI on the path to conserve about 8 million acres by 2018. NRCS also plans to add the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) as another tool for conservation, beginning with a pilot in 2015 of up to 275,000 acres. CSP, like EQIP, provides technical and financial assistance to ranchers who restore habitat. Through the new Regional Conservation Partnership Program, NRCS partners have opportunities to propose projects that benefit sage grouse habitat. Agency leaders and partners worked together at the state level to describe priorities for reducing threats to sage grouse habitat, identifying locations for projects and cost estimates. SGI 2.0 combines plans from 11 states into one cohesive, rangewide plan that will guide the agency’s conservation efforts. SGI 2.0 aligns with plans of local, state and federal partners, including plans by governors, the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service. The four-year strategy enables NRCS to better position staff for implementation and provides time for partners to leverage additional funding for identified priorities. Close

• 84. [Article] The Florida Master Naturalist Program : Innovations in Conservation Education

  Presentation for 7th Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Florida Master Naturalist Program : Innovations in Conservation Education Author: Main, Martin Presentation for 7th Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources. Title: The Florida Master Naturalist Program : Innovations in Conservation Education Author: Main, Martin Presentation for 7th Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources. Close

• 85. [Article] Fishing Games Under Climate Variability: Transboundary Management of Pacific Sardine in the California Current System

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Games Under Climate Variability: Transboundary Management of Pacific Sardine in the California Current System Author: Sumaila, Rashid, Ishimura, Gakushi, Herrick, Samuel Jr Abstract only. Title: Fishing Games Under Climate Variability: Transboundary Management of Pacific Sardine in the California Current System Author: Sumaila, Rashid, Ishimura, Gakushi, Herrick, Samuel Jr Abstract only. Close

• 86. [Article] The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective.

  The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective. Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Salwasser, Hal, Achterman, Gail, Arha, Kaush The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s on watershed health and salmon conservation and was propelled into high gear by proposed and eventual listings of native salmonids in Oregon under the federal Endangered Species Act during the mid-1990s. The Plan has expanded in scope and activities since then, and now encompasses all native salmonids and all watersheds in the state. It has spawned new commitments and investments from private landowners and generated significant improvements in state agency coordination related to salmonids and watershed health. The accomplishments of the Oregon Plan create an unparalleled foundation for state-led species conservation. The work remaining creates abundant opportunity for new leaders to add their embellishments to the fine work of others to date. Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective. Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Salwasser, Hal, Achterman, Gail, Arha, Kaush The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s on watershed health and salmon conservation and was propelled into high gear by proposed and eventual listings of native salmonids in Oregon under the federal Endangered Species Act during the mid-1990s. The Plan has expanded in scope and activities since then, and now encompasses all native salmonids and all watersheds in the state. It has spawned new commitments and investments from private landowners and generated significant improvements in state agency coordination related to salmonids and watershed health. The accomplishments of the Oregon Plan create an unparalleled foundation for state-led species conservation. The work remaining creates abundant opportunity for new leaders to add their embellishments to the fine work of others to date. Close

• 87. [Article] Addressing the future of water in Oregon : a look at the human and institutional factors shaping Oregon water management

  Oregon is a state with great social and ecological diversity. Unfortunately however, Oregon's water-rich reputation is more rumor than reality. As with many Western states, Oregon struggles with water ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Addressing the future of water in Oregon : a look at the human and institutional factors shaping Oregon water management Author: Wolters, Erika Allen Oregon is a state with great social and ecological diversity. Unfortunately however, Oregon's water-rich reputation is more rumor than reality. As with many Western states, Oregon struggles with water scarcity, especially during dry summer months. Recent efforts by the state to develop an integrated water resource strategy (IWRS) to manage present and future water demand in Oregon signifies the very real concern that water is no longer as abundant and available as it once was. With the predicted impacts of climate change and population growth, the already-strained water supply will unlikely sustain current water needs. Using a statewide mail survey of 1,537 Oregon residents (2010), a second survey of 390 water stakeholders (2011), and 12 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2010 and 2011 of stakeholders and elected officials this dissertation examined the role of sociodemographic attributes and environmental values pertaining to concern about Oregon’s water supply, climate change, water conservation behaviors, and prioritization of water use. Data analysis (regression analysis) revealed that to varying degrees gender, age, education, income, concern about water scarcity and belief in the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) proved reliable predicators of concern about that water quantity is a problem, that Oregonians will be personally affected by water scarcity, and personal water conservation behaviors. The dissertation further applies the Institutional and Analysis Development (IAD) framework to the current efforts by the state to create and IWRS. Recommendations for successful application of the IWRS are discussed, specifically use of adaptive governance in basin and sub-basin planning efforts. Title: Addressing the future of water in Oregon : a look at the human and institutional factors shaping Oregon water management Author: Wolters, Erika Allen Oregon is a state with great social and ecological diversity. Unfortunately however, Oregon's water-rich reputation is more rumor than reality. As with many Western states, Oregon struggles with water scarcity, especially during dry summer months. Recent efforts by the state to develop an integrated water resource strategy (IWRS) to manage present and future water demand in Oregon signifies the very real concern that water is no longer as abundant and available as it once was. With the predicted impacts of climate change and population growth, the already-strained water supply will unlikely sustain current water needs. Using a statewide mail survey of 1,537 Oregon residents (2010), a second survey of 390 water stakeholders (2011), and 12 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2010 and 2011 of stakeholders and elected officials this dissertation examined the role of sociodemographic attributes and environmental values pertaining to concern about Oregon’s water supply, climate change, water conservation behaviors, and prioritization of water use. Data analysis (regression analysis) revealed that to varying degrees gender, age, education, income, concern about water scarcity and belief in the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) proved reliable predicators of concern about that water quantity is a problem, that Oregonians will be personally affected by water scarcity, and personal water conservation behaviors. The dissertation further applies the Institutional and Analysis Development (IAD) framework to the current efforts by the state to create and IWRS. Recommendations for successful application of the IWRS are discussed, specifically use of adaptive governance in basin and sub-basin planning efforts. Close

• 88. [Article] Encounter norms of snorkelers and scuba divers at Molokini, Hawai'i : methodological and managerial applications

  Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have increased in tropical marine settings, and studies have examined social and ecological impacts of these activities. Some studies have examined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Encounter norms of snorkelers and scuba divers at Molokini, Hawai'i : methodological and managerial applications Author: Bell, Caitlin M. Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have increased in tropical marine settings, and studies have examined social and ecological impacts of these activities. Some studies have examined social impacts such as encounters, crowding, and encounter norms or standards that individuals use to evaluate encounters with others as acceptable or unacceptable. Most research has examined a single dimension of these norms, the number of people encountered, and how this influences normative evaluations. Less is known about normative evaluations of use-related encounters with objects other than people. This thesis uses data from surveys of visitors at Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District (MLCD) in Hawai'i to examine: (a) the influence of boat size on encounter norms; (b) reported encounters, crowding, normative evaluations, and support of use-related management strategies at this site; and (c) whether visitors who encounter more boats than their norm feel more crowded and are more supportive of restrictive management strategies. Data were obtained from onsite pre-trip and post-trip surveys of 709 passengers on commercial snorkel and dive boats. Norms were measured with acceptance of 12 photographs depicting combinations of four levels of boat use (6, 12, 26, 42 boats) and three proportions of boat size (all small [≤ 15 passengers, 30 feet], 50% small and 50% large [≥ 100 passengers, 50 feet], all large boats). Number of boats was a much more important dimension than boat size and the size of boat that respondents were traveling on did not influence norms. On average, visitors would accept seeing no more than approximately 15 boats at one time at Molokini (17 small boats, 12 large boats) and this number was observed on at least 20% of trips to the site. Although most visitors expected to escape crowds at Molokini, 67% felt crowded and upward of 79% supported direct actions to restrict use at the site (e.g., limit the number of boats). Visitors who encountered more boats than their normative tolerance felt more crowded and were more supportive of these management strategies. These findings suggest that Molokini is operating over its capacity and management attention is necessary to improve experiences and resources. Title: Encounter norms of snorkelers and scuba divers at Molokini, Hawai'i : methodological and managerial applications Author: Bell, Caitlin M. Over the past few decades, tourism and recreation activities have increased in tropical marine settings, and studies have examined social and ecological impacts of these activities. Some studies have examined social impacts such as encounters, crowding, and encounter norms or standards that individuals use to evaluate encounters with others as acceptable or unacceptable. Most research has examined a single dimension of these norms, the number of people encountered, and how this influences normative evaluations. Less is known about normative evaluations of use-related encounters with objects other than people. This thesis uses data from surveys of visitors at Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District (MLCD) in Hawai'i to examine: (a) the influence of boat size on encounter norms; (b) reported encounters, crowding, normative evaluations, and support of use-related management strategies at this site; and (c) whether visitors who encounter more boats than their norm feel more crowded and are more supportive of restrictive management strategies. Data were obtained from onsite pre-trip and post-trip surveys of 709 passengers on commercial snorkel and dive boats. Norms were measured with acceptance of 12 photographs depicting combinations of four levels of boat use (6, 12, 26, 42 boats) and three proportions of boat size (all small [≤ 15 passengers, 30 feet], 50% small and 50% large [≥ 100 passengers, 50 feet], all large boats). Number of boats was a much more important dimension than boat size and the size of boat that respondents were traveling on did not influence norms. On average, visitors would accept seeing no more than approximately 15 boats at one time at Molokini (17 small boats, 12 large boats) and this number was observed on at least 20% of trips to the site. Although most visitors expected to escape crowds at Molokini, 67% felt crowded and upward of 79% supported direct actions to restrict use at the site (e.g., limit the number of boats). Visitors who encountered more boats than their normative tolerance felt more crowded and were more supportive of these management strategies. These findings suggest that Molokini is operating over its capacity and management attention is necessary to improve experiences and resources. Close

• 89. [Article] Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape Author: Mealey, Stephen P., Roloff, Gary J., Bailey, John D. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Title: Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape Author: Mealey, Stephen P., Roloff, Gary J., Bailey, John D. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Close

• 90. [Article] Reduced order modeling of legged locomotion in the horizontal plane

  Sprawled-posture insects exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly run in a stable manner over complex terrain, a feat that has yet to be equaled by man-made legged robots. Recent experimental results suggest ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reduced order modeling of legged locomotion in the horizontal plane Author: Wickramasuriya, Gamika Arun Sprawled-posture insects exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly run in a stable manner over complex terrain, a feat that has yet to be equaled by man-made legged robots. Recent experimental results suggest that these insects may employ a hierarchical control structure, in which locomotion performance emerges from a combination of insect structure and leg function, which is only augmented by neural reflexes in the presence of large or persistent disturbances. In this study, we utilize a previously developed reduced order model for lateral plane locomotion and extend it by developing leg positioning and actuation strategies that are consistent with insect leg function evidenced in experiments. We examine improvements in locomotion performance obtained by utilizing these strategies in terms of gait stability and robustness to external perturbations, such as those that might be encountered when running over rough terrain. Leg positioning strategies examined include leg angle control based upon previous leg angles and leg recirculation strategies that prescribe, in a feedforward manner, the motion of the leg as it swings from its lift-off to touch-down positions. Both these protocols provide control authority in re-orienting system momentum and are shown to improve gait stability and robustness to external perturbations. While the original reduced order template models leg dynamics by an energy-conserving spring, we incorporate energetic variations through leg actuation that varies the force-free leg length during the stance phase while preserving qualitatively correct force and velocity profiles. In contrast to the partially asymptotically stable gaits identified in previous analyses, incorporating leg actuation in conjunction with the leg positioning strategies produces completely asymptotically stable gaits in body coordinates. Locomotion performance of the resulting model is subsequently analyzed by computing the basin of stability of our model in response to energetic perturbations of the type experimentally implemented on running, sprawled-posture insects. Title: Reduced order modeling of legged locomotion in the horizontal plane Author: Wickramasuriya, Gamika Arun Sprawled-posture insects exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly run in a stable manner over complex terrain, a feat that has yet to be equaled by man-made legged robots. Recent experimental results suggest that these insects may employ a hierarchical control structure, in which locomotion performance emerges from a combination of insect structure and leg function, which is only augmented by neural reflexes in the presence of large or persistent disturbances. In this study, we utilize a previously developed reduced order model for lateral plane locomotion and extend it by developing leg positioning and actuation strategies that are consistent with insect leg function evidenced in experiments. We examine improvements in locomotion performance obtained by utilizing these strategies in terms of gait stability and robustness to external perturbations, such as those that might be encountered when running over rough terrain. Leg positioning strategies examined include leg angle control based upon previous leg angles and leg recirculation strategies that prescribe, in a feedforward manner, the motion of the leg as it swings from its lift-off to touch-down positions. Both these protocols provide control authority in re-orienting system momentum and are shown to improve gait stability and robustness to external perturbations. While the original reduced order template models leg dynamics by an energy-conserving spring, we incorporate energetic variations through leg actuation that varies the force-free leg length during the stance phase while preserving qualitatively correct force and velocity profiles. In contrast to the partially asymptotically stable gaits identified in previous analyses, incorporating leg actuation in conjunction with the leg positioning strategies produces completely asymptotically stable gaits in body coordinates. Locomotion performance of the resulting model is subsequently analyzed by computing the basin of stability of our model in response to energetic perturbations of the type experimentally implemented on running, sprawled-posture insects. Close