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• 551. [Article] Representation of a subsurface storm flow and a more responsive water table in a TOPMODEL-based hydrology model

  This study presents two new modeling strategies. First, a methodology for representing the physical process of subsurface storm flow within a TOPMODEL framework is developed. In using this approach, discharge ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Representation of a subsurface storm flow and a more responsive water table in a TOPMODEL-based hydrology model Author: Stieglitz, Marc, Engel, Victor, Shaman, Jeffrey, Koster, Randal This study presents two new modeling strategies. First, a methodology for representing the physical process of subsurface storm flow within a TOPMODEL framework is developed. In using this approach, discharge at quick flow timescales is simulated, and a fuller depiction of hydrologic activity is brought about. Discharge of water from the vadose zone is permitted in a physically realistic manner without a priori assumption of the level within the soil column at which subsurface storm flow saturation can take place. Determination of the subsurface storm flow contribution to discharge is made using the equation for groundwater flow. No new parameters are needed. Instead, regions in excess of field capacity that develop during storm events, producing vertical recharge, are also allowed to contribute to soil zone discharge. These subsurface storm flow contributions to river runoff, as for groundwater flow contributions, are a function of catchment topography and hydraulic conductivity at the depth at which such regions in excess of field capacity occur. The second approach improves groundwater flow response through a reduction of porosity and field capacity with depth in the soil column. Large storm events are better captured and a more dynamic water table develops with application of this modified soil column profile (MSCP). The MSCP predominantly reflects soil depth differences in upland and lowland regions of a watershed. Combined, these two approaches, subsurface storm flow and the MSCP, provide a more accurate representation of the timescales at which discharge responds and a more complete depiction of hydrologic activity. Storm events large and small are better simulated, and some of the biases previously evident in TOPMODEL simulations are reduced. Title: Representation of a subsurface storm flow and a more responsive water table in a TOPMODEL-based hydrology model Author: Stieglitz, Marc, Engel, Victor, Shaman, Jeffrey, Koster, Randal This study presents two new modeling strategies. First, a methodology for representing the physical process of subsurface storm flow within a TOPMODEL framework is developed. In using this approach, discharge at quick flow timescales is simulated, and a fuller depiction of hydrologic activity is brought about. Discharge of water from the vadose zone is permitted in a physically realistic manner without a priori assumption of the level within the soil column at which subsurface storm flow saturation can take place. Determination of the subsurface storm flow contribution to discharge is made using the equation for groundwater flow. No new parameters are needed. Instead, regions in excess of field capacity that develop during storm events, producing vertical recharge, are also allowed to contribute to soil zone discharge. These subsurface storm flow contributions to river runoff, as for groundwater flow contributions, are a function of catchment topography and hydraulic conductivity at the depth at which such regions in excess of field capacity occur. The second approach improves groundwater flow response through a reduction of porosity and field capacity with depth in the soil column. Large storm events are better captured and a more dynamic water table develops with application of this modified soil column profile (MSCP). The MSCP predominantly reflects soil depth differences in upland and lowland regions of a watershed. Combined, these two approaches, subsurface storm flow and the MSCP, provide a more accurate representation of the timescales at which discharge responds and a more complete depiction of hydrologic activity. Storm events large and small are better simulated, and some of the biases previously evident in TOPMODEL simulations are reduced. Close

• 552. [Article] Carbon isotopes show snowpack acts as a valuable moisture subsidy to mountain forests in the Oregon Cascades

  This study examines climatological influences, particularly that of snowpack, on tree growth and stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) from ~1980 to 2013 at two sites located in the upper reaches ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Carbon isotopes show snowpack acts as a valuable moisture subsidy to mountain forests in the Oregon Cascades Author: Ratcliff, Christopher J. This study examines climatological influences, particularly that of snowpack, on tree growth and stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) from ~1980 to 2013 at two sites located in the upper reaches of the McKenzie River watershed of the Oregon Cascade Mountains. We tested the use of Δ¹³C values from latewood, corroborated by tree-ring width chronologies as precipitation proxies to develop correlations between moisture stress and climate variables. Tree species at each site included Douglas-fir and mountain hemlock. Interpolated meteorological and snowpack data included snow water equivalent (SWE), precipitation, atmospheric temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and a metric estimating growing season length. Significant correlations between latewood Δ¹³C and winter SWE at each site indicated the importance of winter snowpack to our selected tree species (r = 0.35, r = 0.43). Late summer precipitation and relative humidity (RH) were also significantly correlated with Δ¹³C (r = 0.49, r = 0.46; r = 0.43, r = 0.44). High correlations at both sites reinforced that late summer VPD was the primary driver of Δ¹³C (r = - 0.67, r = -0.61), which is often associated with moisture stress. This was further supported by correlations between air temperature and Δ¹³C (r = -0.46, r = -0.47), which drives much of the variation in VPD. Growing season length also showed significance in mountain hemlocks at the site with longer average snowpack (r = -0.22, r = -0.44). Moisture supplied by spring snow melt is a seasonably limited resource, nonetheless both sites clearly showed that snowpack acts as a valuable moisture subsidy to coniferous mountain forests in the Oregon Cascades. This study acts as a useful case study for future investigations into the relationship between snowpack and forest health in the Pacific North West. Title: Carbon isotopes show snowpack acts as a valuable moisture subsidy to mountain forests in the Oregon Cascades Author: Ratcliff, Christopher J. This study examines climatological influences, particularly that of snowpack, on tree growth and stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) from ~1980 to 2013 at two sites located in the upper reaches of the McKenzie River watershed of the Oregon Cascade Mountains. We tested the use of Δ¹³C values from latewood, corroborated by tree-ring width chronologies as precipitation proxies to develop correlations between moisture stress and climate variables. Tree species at each site included Douglas-fir and mountain hemlock. Interpolated meteorological and snowpack data included snow water equivalent (SWE), precipitation, atmospheric temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and a metric estimating growing season length. Significant correlations between latewood Δ¹³C and winter SWE at each site indicated the importance of winter snowpack to our selected tree species (r = 0.35, r = 0.43). Late summer precipitation and relative humidity (RH) were also significantly correlated with Δ¹³C (r = 0.49, r = 0.46; r = 0.43, r = 0.44). High correlations at both sites reinforced that late summer VPD was the primary driver of Δ¹³C (r = - 0.67, r = -0.61), which is often associated with moisture stress. This was further supported by correlations between air temperature and Δ¹³C (r = -0.46, r = -0.47), which drives much of the variation in VPD. Growing season length also showed significance in mountain hemlocks at the site with longer average snowpack (r = -0.22, r = -0.44). Moisture supplied by spring snow melt is a seasonably limited resource, nonetheless both sites clearly showed that snowpack acts as a valuable moisture subsidy to coniferous mountain forests in the Oregon Cascades. This study acts as a useful case study for future investigations into the relationship between snowpack and forest health in the Pacific North West. Close

• 553. [Article] Quantitative basin morphology and channel stability with reference to nonpoint sources of pollution in Evans Creek, Oregon

  A Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation procedure has been used to assess the nature and extent of erosional nonpoint sources of pollution in the Evans Creek basin, a tributary to the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantitative basin morphology and channel stability with reference to nonpoint sources of pollution in Evans Creek, Oregon Author: Krupin, Paul J. A Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation procedure has been used to assess the nature and extent of erosional nonpoint sources of pollution in the Evans Creek basin, a tributary to the Rogue River, in southwestern Oregon. The study is based upon the results of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Section 208 Nonpoint Source Assessment Project. A terrain analysis of Evans Creek has been performed using quantitative basin morphologic techniques. Regressions analysis techniques were used to relate the channel stability conditions of the streams of Evans Creek to the morphologic characteristics of the basins. The Channel Stability Rating procedure is demonstrated to distinguish differences in the stability of channels under varying conditions of land use and lithology. The inventory procedure identifies and represents in-stream erosional and depositional processes differentially. Quantitative basin morphologic investigations indicate that streams in the. Evans Creek basin generally conform to hydrophysical laws of drainage composition. Channel stability has been significantly related to 20 morphologic variables describing areal, linear, textural, relief and shape aspects of the Evans Creek basin in streams logged six to ten years ago, in second growth and in old growth. Channel stability ratings appear to be related to watershed characteristics which reflect the development of potential energy in a drainage basin and influence the way potential energy is expended in the channel system. Title: Quantitative basin morphology and channel stability with reference to nonpoint sources of pollution in Evans Creek, Oregon Author: Krupin, Paul J. A Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation procedure has been used to assess the nature and extent of erosional nonpoint sources of pollution in the Evans Creek basin, a tributary to the Rogue River, in southwestern Oregon. The study is based upon the results of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Section 208 Nonpoint Source Assessment Project. A terrain analysis of Evans Creek has been performed using quantitative basin morphologic techniques. Regressions analysis techniques were used to relate the channel stability conditions of the streams of Evans Creek to the morphologic characteristics of the basins. The Channel Stability Rating procedure is demonstrated to distinguish differences in the stability of channels under varying conditions of land use and lithology. The inventory procedure identifies and represents in-stream erosional and depositional processes differentially. Quantitative basin morphologic investigations indicate that streams in the. Evans Creek basin generally conform to hydrophysical laws of drainage composition. Channel stability has been significantly related to 20 morphologic variables describing areal, linear, textural, relief and shape aspects of the Evans Creek basin in streams logged six to ten years ago, in second growth and in old growth. Channel stability ratings appear to be related to watershed characteristics which reflect the development of potential energy in a drainage basin and influence the way potential energy is expended in the channel system. Close

• 554. [Article] A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution

  The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution Author: Cox, Matthew M. The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, stream network locations, elevation and stream discharge are utilized by WET-Temp to quantify geometric relationships between the sun, stream channel and riparian areas. These relationships are used to estimate the energy gained or lost by the stream via various heat flux processes (solar and longwave radiation, evaporation, convection and advection). The sum of these processes is expressed as a differential energy balance equation applied at discrete locations across the stream network. The model describes diurnal temperature dynamics at each of these locations and thus temperature distribution across the entire network. WET-Temp is calibrated to a tributary of the South Santiam River in western Oregon, McDowell Creek. The mean differences between measured and modeled values in McDowell Creek were 0.6°C for daily maximum temperature and 1.3°C for daily minimum temperature. The model was then used to predict maximum and minimum temperatures in an adjacent tributary, Hamilton Creek. The mean differences between modeled and measured values in this paired basin were 1.8°C for daily maximum temperatures and 1.4°C for daily minimum temperatures. Influences of model parameters on modeled temperature distributions are explored in a sensitivity analysis. The ability of WET-Temp to utilize spatially explicit datasets in estimating temperature distributions across stream networks advances the state of the art in modeling stream temperature. Title: A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution Author: Cox, Matthew M. The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, stream network locations, elevation and stream discharge are utilized by WET-Temp to quantify geometric relationships between the sun, stream channel and riparian areas. These relationships are used to estimate the energy gained or lost by the stream via various heat flux processes (solar and longwave radiation, evaporation, convection and advection). The sum of these processes is expressed as a differential energy balance equation applied at discrete locations across the stream network. The model describes diurnal temperature dynamics at each of these locations and thus temperature distribution across the entire network. WET-Temp is calibrated to a tributary of the South Santiam River in western Oregon, McDowell Creek. The mean differences between measured and modeled values in McDowell Creek were 0.6°C for daily maximum temperature and 1.3°C for daily minimum temperature. The model was then used to predict maximum and minimum temperatures in an adjacent tributary, Hamilton Creek. The mean differences between modeled and measured values in this paired basin were 1.8°C for daily maximum temperatures and 1.4°C for daily minimum temperatures. Influences of model parameters on modeled temperature distributions are explored in a sensitivity analysis. The ability of WET-Temp to utilize spatially explicit datasets in estimating temperature distributions across stream networks advances the state of the art in modeling stream temperature. Close

• 555. [Article] International wildlife law and the geography of the commons

  Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: International wildlife law and the geography of the commons Author: Giordano, Mark Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the "tragedy of the commons," and solutions to commons problems are often sought through the establishment of rights regimes. An examination of the rights regimes used to govern water and salmon use in the U.S. Pacific Northwest's Columbia River watershed reveals variation both by resource type and political scale (international, national, tribal, state). It is hypothesized that this variation is due to the differing spatial characteristics of the resources in question. To further examine this hypothesis, a scale and space explicit theory of the commons problem is proposed. The theory is used to provide insights into the varied nature of the commons phenomena and culminates with a typology dividing common resources into one of three categories-open access, migratory and fugitive- based on their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the spatial categorization of a given resource need not be static but rather may depend on the political or administrative scale at which the resource is considered, a result suggesting that solutions to a commons problem should also vary across scales. As a first test of the theory, a case study of the use of law in establishing rights to international wildlife is conducted. To undertake the exercise, a typology of the processes by which wildlife may be internationalized is developed, and the world's largest known collection of international wildlife treaties, numbering more than 500, is collected and analyzed. A partial test of the hypothesis relating variation in the rights regimes used to govern international wildlife to the spatial aspects of the wildlife in question reveals that international wildlife law has expanded over time in terms of volume, species coverage, geographic range, and, perhaps most importantly, goals. These changes are themselves due to a combination of improving technologies, increasing recognition of wildlife scarcity, and evolving human values related to wildlife management and use, a finding with important implications for the development of future international wildlife law. Title: International wildlife law and the geography of the commons Author: Giordano, Mark Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the "tragedy of the commons," and solutions to commons problems are often sought through the establishment of rights regimes. An examination of the rights regimes used to govern water and salmon use in the U.S. Pacific Northwest's Columbia River watershed reveals variation both by resource type and political scale (international, national, tribal, state). It is hypothesized that this variation is due to the differing spatial characteristics of the resources in question. To further examine this hypothesis, a scale and space explicit theory of the commons problem is proposed. The theory is used to provide insights into the varied nature of the commons phenomena and culminates with a typology dividing common resources into one of three categories-open access, migratory and fugitive- based on their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the spatial categorization of a given resource need not be static but rather may depend on the political or administrative scale at which the resource is considered, a result suggesting that solutions to a commons problem should also vary across scales. As a first test of the theory, a case study of the use of law in establishing rights to international wildlife is conducted. To undertake the exercise, a typology of the processes by which wildlife may be internationalized is developed, and the world's largest known collection of international wildlife treaties, numbering more than 500, is collected and analyzed. A partial test of the hypothesis relating variation in the rights regimes used to govern international wildlife to the spatial aspects of the wildlife in question reveals that international wildlife law has expanded over time in terms of volume, species coverage, geographic range, and, perhaps most importantly, goals. These changes are themselves due to a combination of improving technologies, increasing recognition of wildlife scarcity, and evolving human values related to wildlife management and use, a finding with important implications for the development of future international wildlife law. Close

• 556. [Article] Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses

  The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses Author: Hanna, J. Edward, Koveshnikova, Tatiana, Talhelm, Daniel R., Victor, Peter The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. Angling sites and participation are modeled as a system of product supplies and demands; changes in angling quality at specific sites are evaluated as changes in the supplies of relevant products. PTC assumes that each angler chooses from a selection of angling opportunities (i.e., products) based on access cost (i.e., travel cost) and the nature of each angling product. Key factors defining angling products (e.g., success rate, fish size) are derived from angler travel patterns: Anglers are assumed indifferent between sites providing identical angling products, so choose the lowest cost site. Therefore, the benefits of any management action not only differ from average welfare-change values, but are also site-specific. Changing angling attributes at a site changes its angling product: a unit of the existing product (potentially decreasing its supply) is lost while a unit of the newly created product is produced (potentially increasing its supply). Changes in supply at one site may alter angler participation patterns and the value of angling opportunities at the affected site plus at many other sites as well. Credit Valley Conservation contracted the application of the PTC examined here, namely angling in the Credit River watershed near Toronto, Canada. Average angler consumer surplus was estimated at $40 per angler day and varied according to angling product, location and season. Title: Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses Author: Hanna, J. Edward, Koveshnikova, Tatiana, Talhelm, Daniel R., Victor, Peter The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. Angling sites and participation are modeled as a system of product supplies and demands; changes in angling quality at specific sites are evaluated as changes in the supplies of relevant products. PTC assumes that each angler chooses from a selection of angling opportunities (i.e., products) based on access cost (i.e., travel cost) and the nature of each angling product. Key factors defining angling products (e.g., success rate, fish size) are derived from angler travel patterns: Anglers are assumed indifferent between sites providing identical angling products, so choose the lowest cost site. Therefore, the benefits of any management action not only differ from average welfare-change values, but are also site-specific. Changing angling attributes at a site changes its angling product: a unit of the existing product (potentially decreasing its supply) is lost while a unit of the newly created product is produced (potentially increasing its supply). Changes in supply at one site may alter angler participation patterns and the value of angling opportunities at the affected site plus at many other sites as well. Credit Valley Conservation contracted the application of the PTC examined here, namely angling in the Credit River watershed near Toronto, Canada. Average angler consumer surplus was estimated at $40 per angler day and varied according to angling product, location and season. Close

• 557. [Article] Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities

  Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities Author: Nuppenau, Ernst-August Year: 2001 Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are negatively affected by high eutrophic levels fisheries. Concerning causes of pollution, agriculture, subject to overuse of fertilizer and pesticides, is regarded as the main polluter. Environmental regulations on farm practices, such as animal waste and fertilizer application, seek to minimize shocks imposed by eutrophying substances. Since many waters already show high concentrations of these substances, even cleaning is needed. In the dynamic context of eutrophication, which results from multiple polluters and is accumulated over time, damage to water quality depends on stocks and flows of pollutants. The paper presents a model that counts for limitation of inflows and attributed levels of farm activity to pollution. The paper applies a combination of dynamic control and political economy models, optimized by a manager of a common property, a clean lake, a river or, more generally, an interconnected watershed. It seeks to achieve an agreed level of cleanness or eutrophic levels of water on behalf of a community. A political economy model depicts the bargaining process for the establishment of an objective function of the community. The manager is a partial manager, not a benevolent dictator, but has statutory power to regulate fertilizer application on lake shores and alleviate eutrophication with nutrients. Benefits are purified waters that benefit all members, including fishermen. As institutions, the approach investigates the tragedy of the commons and statutory regulations. Financial innovations for compensation are also possible. Title: Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities Author: Nuppenau, Ernst-August Year: 2001 Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are negatively affected by high eutrophic levels fisheries. Concerning causes of pollution, agriculture, subject to overuse of fertilizer and pesticides, is regarded as the main polluter. Environmental regulations on farm practices, such as animal waste and fertilizer application, seek to minimize shocks imposed by eutrophying substances. Since many waters already show high concentrations of these substances, even cleaning is needed. In the dynamic context of eutrophication, which results from multiple polluters and is accumulated over time, damage to water quality depends on stocks and flows of pollutants. The paper presents a model that counts for limitation of inflows and attributed levels of farm activity to pollution. The paper applies a combination of dynamic control and political economy models, optimized by a manager of a common property, a clean lake, a river or, more generally, an interconnected watershed. It seeks to achieve an agreed level of cleanness or eutrophic levels of water on behalf of a community. A political economy model depicts the bargaining process for the establishment of an objective function of the community. The manager is a partial manager, not a benevolent dictator, but has statutory power to regulate fertilizer application on lake shores and alleviate eutrophication with nutrients. Benefits are purified waters that benefit all members, including fishermen. As institutions, the approach investigates the tragedy of the commons and statutory regulations. Financial innovations for compensation are also possible. Close

• 558. [Article] Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information

  Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information Author: Wirth, Andrea A. Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008. Title: Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information Author: Wirth, Andrea A. Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008. Close

• 559. [Article] Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Barnhart, Bradley, Whittaker, Gerald To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecological-indicators. Title: Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Barnhart, Bradley, Whittaker, Gerald To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecological-indicators. Close

• 560. [Article] Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project

  Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project Author: Roth, Travis R., Nolin, Anne W. Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K" Title: Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project Author: Roth, Travis R., Nolin, Anne W. Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K" Close