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• 441. [Article] Technical change and pollution abatement costs

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technical change and pollution abatement costs Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Pasurka, Carl To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/european-journal-of-operational-research/ Title: Technical change and pollution abatement costs Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Pasurka, Carl To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/european-journal-of-operational-research/ Close

• 442. [Article] Firm Performance, Business Environment, and Outlook for Social and Environmental Responsibility during the Economic Downturn: Findings and Implications from the Forest Sector

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Firm Performance, Business Environment, and Outlook for Social and Environmental Responsibility during the Economic Downturn: Findings and Implications from the Forest Sector Author: Hansen, Eric, Nybakk, Erlend, Panwar, Rajat This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfr. Title: Firm Performance, Business Environment, and Outlook for Social and Environmental Responsibility during the Economic Downturn: Findings and Implications from the Forest Sector Author: Hansen, Eric, Nybakk, Erlend, Panwar, Rajat This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfr. Close

• 443. [Article] Successful Secessionist Movements and the Uncertainty of Post-Secession Quality of Life

  A prevalent assumption among those engaging in secessions is that their quality of life will improve once they establish their own nation. This study examined this assumption by looking at how a successful ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Successful Secessionist Movements and the Uncertainty of Post-Secession Quality of Life Author: Stein, Chloe A prevalent assumption among those engaging in secessions is that their quality of life will improve once they establish their own nation. This study examined this assumption by looking at how a successful secession impacted peoples’ quality of life. Despite the sheer number of active secessionist movements, very few actually manage to successfully create a nation. Since World War II there have only been four: Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993, Timor-Leste from Indonesia in 2002, and South Sudan from Sudan in 2011. Five indices were used to assess both pre- and post-secession quality of life for these four successful movements. Four of these indices were political rights, civil liberties, casualties of war, and economics, while the fifth index, overall quality of life, was a composite measure of the other four. Furthermore, post secession was broken down into time intervals to determine whether quality of life improves as time goes on and movements get farther away from their liberation. Analyses found few trends across any of the indices or time periods. Thus the quality of life of people after they successfully seceded is uncertain. Title: Successful Secessionist Movements and the Uncertainty of Post-Secession Quality of Life Author: Stein, Chloe A prevalent assumption among those engaging in secessions is that their quality of life will improve once they establish their own nation. This study examined this assumption by looking at how a successful secession impacted peoples’ quality of life. Despite the sheer number of active secessionist movements, very few actually manage to successfully create a nation. Since World War II there have only been four: Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993, Timor-Leste from Indonesia in 2002, and South Sudan from Sudan in 2011. Five indices were used to assess both pre- and post-secession quality of life for these four successful movements. Four of these indices were political rights, civil liberties, casualties of war, and economics, while the fifth index, overall quality of life, was a composite measure of the other four. Furthermore, post secession was broken down into time intervals to determine whether quality of life improves as time goes on and movements get farther away from their liberation. Analyses found few trends across any of the indices or time periods. Thus the quality of life of people after they successfully seceded is uncertain. Close

• 444. [Article] Walk to school program: vision to reality

  Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are significant health problems. According to the CDC (2012), only 12.5% of high school students meet the recommended requirements for physical activity. One method ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Walk to school program: vision to reality Author: McAllister, Zoanne Houston Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are significant health problems. According to the CDC (2012), only 12.5% of high school students meet the recommended requirements for physical activity. One method to reverse this trend is promoting physical activity. The Walk to School Program promotes active transportation in schools nationwide. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was comparing the intentions and behaviors of principals of high schools that participate in the program and of schools that do not. METHOD: A total of 19 principals participated in an online survey, 13 from the program and 6 from non-participating schools. The survey contained items on behavior, intention, attitude, task and barrier efficacy, perceived control, and subjective norm. Seven one-way ANOVAs were conducted. RESULTS: The results reveal significant differences of attitude, F(1,17)=12.17, p<.05, ƞ²=.45. Only 7 of the 13 schools that were reported as participating indicated that they did. A second identical analysis was run with self-identified participating and non-participating principals. The results reveal significant intention of promoting physical activity F(1,17)=5.05, p<.05, ƞ²=.25 DISCUSSION: Although there was a high attitude score intention and behavior did not change. Showing that the present barriers have a large impact on behavior. These results may but due to a small sample size. A larger sample size would be beneficial to find the statistical significance between the variables. Title: Walk to school program: vision to reality Author: McAllister, Zoanne Houston Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are significant health problems. According to the CDC (2012), only 12.5% of high school students meet the recommended requirements for physical activity. One method to reverse this trend is promoting physical activity. The Walk to School Program promotes active transportation in schools nationwide. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was comparing the intentions and behaviors of principals of high schools that participate in the program and of schools that do not. METHOD: A total of 19 principals participated in an online survey, 13 from the program and 6 from non-participating schools. The survey contained items on behavior, intention, attitude, task and barrier efficacy, perceived control, and subjective norm. Seven one-way ANOVAs were conducted. RESULTS: The results reveal significant differences of attitude, F(1,17)=12.17, p<.05, ƞ²=.45. Only 7 of the 13 schools that were reported as participating indicated that they did. A second identical analysis was run with self-identified participating and non-participating principals. The results reveal significant intention of promoting physical activity F(1,17)=5.05, p<.05, ƞ²=.25 DISCUSSION: Although there was a high attitude score intention and behavior did not change. Showing that the present barriers have a large impact on behavior. These results may but due to a small sample size. A larger sample size would be beneficial to find the statistical significance between the variables. Close

• 445. [Article] Social media styles: The influence of emotion on persuasion through Twitter

  Given the unique nature of interpersonal interactions via microblogging sites (such as Twitter), it has become clear that a new generation of political candidates will need to appeal to a new generation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social media styles: The influence of emotion on persuasion through Twitter Author: Harris, Jonah Given the unique nature of interpersonal interactions via microblogging sites (such as Twitter), it has become clear that a new generation of political candidates will need to appeal to a new generation of voters by way of an entirely new mechanism: Social networking sites (SNS’s). In order to address the question of which types of emotional appeals are most effective in persuading voters on platforms such as Twitter, the present study utilizes three topically similar arguments, with different types of emotional appeals. Participants (N = 463) were given either a fear-inducing, hope-inducing, or emotionally neutral message, in either the format of a tweet, or the format of an informational campaign mailer (2x3 design). They were then asked about the hypothetical candidate who was credited with the message either on the tweet, or on the postcard that they viewed. While no significant effect was found of visual SNS cues (Twitter format or control) on argument effectiveness, the fear-inducing condition resulted in a more positive image of the candidate, and greater persuasive force. However, when controlling for participant-identified experience of fear this trend reverses, and moderating variables such as party affiliation indicate that co-partisanship may drive how emotional appeals are experienced within the context of each specific argument. Title: Social media styles: The influence of emotion on persuasion through Twitter Author: Harris, Jonah Given the unique nature of interpersonal interactions via microblogging sites (such as Twitter), it has become clear that a new generation of political candidates will need to appeal to a new generation of voters by way of an entirely new mechanism: Social networking sites (SNS’s). In order to address the question of which types of emotional appeals are most effective in persuading voters on platforms such as Twitter, the present study utilizes three topically similar arguments, with different types of emotional appeals. Participants (N = 463) were given either a fear-inducing, hope-inducing, or emotionally neutral message, in either the format of a tweet, or the format of an informational campaign mailer (2x3 design). They were then asked about the hypothetical candidate who was credited with the message either on the tweet, or on the postcard that they viewed. While no significant effect was found of visual SNS cues (Twitter format or control) on argument effectiveness, the fear-inducing condition resulted in a more positive image of the candidate, and greater persuasive force. However, when controlling for participant-identified experience of fear this trend reverses, and moderating variables such as party affiliation indicate that co-partisanship may drive how emotional appeals are experienced within the context of each specific argument. Close

• 446. [Article] “Don’t Choke ‘Em, Smoke ‘Em”: Lloyd “Tony” Stevenson and the Long Reach of History in “Post-Racial” Portland

  Despite Portland’s progressive reputation, the response of city officials, police officers, and the community as a whole to the killing of the black man, Lloyd Stevenson, in 1985 at the hands of Portland ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “Don’t Choke ‘Em, Smoke ‘Em”: Lloyd “Tony” Stevenson and the Long Reach of History in “Post-Racial” Portland Author: Ewens, Elise N. Despite Portland’s progressive reputation, the response of city officials, police officers, and the community as a whole to the killing of the black man, Lloyd Stevenson, in 1985 at the hands of Portland police, demonstrates that the long racially discriminatory history of Oregon shaped public policy and popular thought about race and crime. Besides its foundation in a state set aside to be a “white haven”, Portland also followed national trends that supported racial discrimination; such as, the long history of criminalization of African Americans, housing inequality, and increased policing of minority neighborhoods. The Stevenson case offers insight into the complicated intersection between Portland’s liberal ideals and its statewide anti-black entrenchment, especially regarding its police force and African American community relations. The non-response, excluding legal culpability concerns, of city and police officials indicate a lack of racial justice in an era when racial inequality was supposedly a problem of the past. Title: “Don’t Choke ‘Em, Smoke ‘Em”: Lloyd “Tony” Stevenson and the Long Reach of History in “Post-Racial” Portland Author: Ewens, Elise N. Despite Portland’s progressive reputation, the response of city officials, police officers, and the community as a whole to the killing of the black man, Lloyd Stevenson, in 1985 at the hands of Portland police, demonstrates that the long racially discriminatory history of Oregon shaped public policy and popular thought about race and crime. Besides its foundation in a state set aside to be a “white haven”, Portland also followed national trends that supported racial discrimination; such as, the long history of criminalization of African Americans, housing inequality, and increased policing of minority neighborhoods. The Stevenson case offers insight into the complicated intersection between Portland’s liberal ideals and its statewide anti-black entrenchment, especially regarding its police force and African American community relations. The non-response, excluding legal culpability concerns, of city and police officials indicate a lack of racial justice in an era when racial inequality was supposedly a problem of the past. Close

• 447. [Article] Marine reserves in The Bahamas and Ecuador : a scientific and socioeconomic perspective

  Marine reserves are known to directly replenish overfished species. However, the community-wide effects of reserves are less clear. I examined the community of coralreef fishes in a large, fully protected ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine reserves in The Bahamas and Ecuador : a scientific and socioeconomic perspective Author: Lamb, Robert W. Marine reserves are known to directly replenish overfished species. However, the community-wide effects of reserves are less clear. I examined the community of coralreef fishes in a large, fully protected marine reserve in The Bahamas: the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park. Visual-transect surveys provided estimates and comparisons of the density and size of all fishes on reefs located both inside and outside the reserve (n = 5 reefs each). Apex predators were larger and more abundant inside the reserve, resulting in much greater biomass there. Mid-trophic-level species had somewhat higher biomass outside of the reserve, where abundance of large predators was lower. Low-trophic-level species showed trends of higher biomass in the reserve. Although the community-wide effects of the reserve are complex, this general pattern is consistent with the existence of a trophic cascade through strong top-down effects of apex predators. I also considered how subsistence-level fishing communities interact with protected marine life in a marine reserve in Ecuador: the Machalilla National Park. I examined the conflicting interests of park protection, fishing, and tourism. By analyzing these three categories, I summarized the needs and values of each group and how they interacted with each other and the environment. Title: Marine reserves in The Bahamas and Ecuador : a scientific and socioeconomic perspective Author: Lamb, Robert W. Marine reserves are known to directly replenish overfished species. However, the community-wide effects of reserves are less clear. I examined the community of coralreef fishes in a large, fully protected marine reserve in The Bahamas: the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park. Visual-transect surveys provided estimates and comparisons of the density and size of all fishes on reefs located both inside and outside the reserve (n = 5 reefs each). Apex predators were larger and more abundant inside the reserve, resulting in much greater biomass there. Mid-trophic-level species had somewhat higher biomass outside of the reserve, where abundance of large predators was lower. Low-trophic-level species showed trends of higher biomass in the reserve. Although the community-wide effects of the reserve are complex, this general pattern is consistent with the existence of a trophic cascade through strong top-down effects of apex predators. I also considered how subsistence-level fishing communities interact with protected marine life in a marine reserve in Ecuador: the Machalilla National Park. I examined the conflicting interests of park protection, fishing, and tourism. By analyzing these three categories, I summarized the needs and values of each group and how they interacted with each other and the environment. Close

• 448. [Article] Lanthanum Sulfide Thin Film Deposition via Chemical Nanocluster Deposition

  Lanthanum sulfide film was deposited on silicon dioxide substrate by pumping aqueous LaCl3∙7H2O and Na2S∙9H2O solutions into a T-mixer. After mixing, residence time was manipulated to adjust lanthanum ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lanthanum Sulfide Thin Film Deposition via Chemical Nanocluster Deposition Author: Coussens, Nathaniel J. Lanthanum sulfide film was deposited on silicon dioxide substrate by pumping aqueous LaCl3∙7H2O and Na2S∙9H2O solutions into a T-mixer. After mixing, residence time was manipulated to adjust lanthanum sulfide deposition rate. Lanthanum sulfide films were created on silicon dioxide substrate at room temperature, 60 °C, and at 100 °C. Lanthanum sulfide films were analyzed for particle size and crystalline structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The film material bandgap was characterized to be about 3.5 eV from UV-Vis analysis. TEM results indicate that the film grown has both polycrystalline and amorphous regions. Particle size was determined to range from ~1-50 nm after 20 seconds of deposition. The growth profile for lanthanum sulfide deposition follows a linear trend at room temperature. Title: Lanthanum Sulfide Thin Film Deposition via Chemical Nanocluster Deposition Author: Coussens, Nathaniel J. Lanthanum sulfide film was deposited on silicon dioxide substrate by pumping aqueous LaCl3∙7H2O and Na2S∙9H2O solutions into a T-mixer. After mixing, residence time was manipulated to adjust lanthanum sulfide deposition rate. Lanthanum sulfide films were created on silicon dioxide substrate at room temperature, 60 °C, and at 100 °C. Lanthanum sulfide films were analyzed for particle size and crystalline structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The film material bandgap was characterized to be about 3.5 eV from UV-Vis analysis. TEM results indicate that the film grown has both polycrystalline and amorphous regions. Particle size was determined to range from ~1-50 nm after 20 seconds of deposition. The growth profile for lanthanum sulfide deposition follows a linear trend at room temperature. Close

• 449. [Article] Phase Separation in Microscale Convective Boiling

  It is hypothesized that extracting the vapor from two-phase flow in a microchannel will result in a lowered pressure drop required to drive the flow. The goal of this thesis is to construct an experimental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phase Separation in Microscale Convective Boiling Author: Lewis, Kevin Terrence It is hypothesized that extracting the vapor from two-phase flow in a microchannel will result in a lowered pressure drop required to drive the flow. The goal of this thesis is to construct an experimental device that will test this hypothesis by comparing a number of phase separating test conditions to respective control conditions that do not allow for any phase separation. It was discovered that using a transparent, thin-film heater to boil flow in a microchannel required too much power; the heater designed and built for this purpose was burnt out during testing. Possible reasons for the burnout are discussed. The original test plan was modified to boil the flow prior to the microchannel. The trends found from the new test plan supported the hypothesis. Vapor extraction was related to decreases in the pressure drops; however, vapor extraction rates were measured well below their predicted values. Reasons for the discrepancies are discussed. In conclusion, it was found that vapor extraction does decrease microchannel pressure drops due to decreases in two-phase flow effects. Title: Phase Separation in Microscale Convective Boiling Author: Lewis, Kevin Terrence It is hypothesized that extracting the vapor from two-phase flow in a microchannel will result in a lowered pressure drop required to drive the flow. The goal of this thesis is to construct an experimental device that will test this hypothesis by comparing a number of phase separating test conditions to respective control conditions that do not allow for any phase separation. It was discovered that using a transparent, thin-film heater to boil flow in a microchannel required too much power; the heater designed and built for this purpose was burnt out during testing. Possible reasons for the burnout are discussed. The original test plan was modified to boil the flow prior to the microchannel. The trends found from the new test plan supported the hypothesis. Vapor extraction was related to decreases in the pressure drops; however, vapor extraction rates were measured well below their predicted values. Reasons for the discrepancies are discussed. In conclusion, it was found that vapor extraction does decrease microchannel pressure drops due to decreases in two-phase flow effects. Close

• 450. [Article] Cultural and structural barriers that affect the doctor-patient relationship : a Bolivian perspective

  The doctor-patient relationship is one of the most unique and privileged relations a person can have with another human being, and having access to a well-developed and effective association is important ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural and structural barriers that affect the doctor-patient relationship : a Bolivian perspective Author: Fowler, Jessica D. The doctor-patient relationship is one of the most unique and privileged relations a person can have with another human being, and having access to a well-developed and effective association is important for the experienced and objective quality of health care. Yet, over the past few decades a number of cultural barriers and structural trends have converged, reducing the ability of patients to have this archetypal relationship with physicians. This thesis intends to explore the barriers that affect this professional relationship in Bolivia and provide possible solutions. The cultural barriers I have selected to focus on are: racial concordance of the doctor and patient, language barriers and medical beliefs. The structural barriers that seem to have the most impact are: the decline of primary care physicians, access to healthcare services and the organization of the medical practice. After completing a pediatric health medical internship in Bolivia, which inspired this thesis topic, I have grown as a student, a future culturally sensitive healthcare professional, and as a person. I hope that it can also serve to inform others of the real challenges faced in Bolivian and worldwide health care today. Title: Cultural and structural barriers that affect the doctor-patient relationship : a Bolivian perspective Author: Fowler, Jessica D. The doctor-patient relationship is one of the most unique and privileged relations a person can have with another human being, and having access to a well-developed and effective association is important for the experienced and objective quality of health care. Yet, over the past few decades a number of cultural barriers and structural trends have converged, reducing the ability of patients to have this archetypal relationship with physicians. This thesis intends to explore the barriers that affect this professional relationship in Bolivia and provide possible solutions. The cultural barriers I have selected to focus on are: racial concordance of the doctor and patient, language barriers and medical beliefs. The structural barriers that seem to have the most impact are: the decline of primary care physicians, access to healthcare services and the organization of the medical practice. After completing a pediatric health medical internship in Bolivia, which inspired this thesis topic, I have grown as a student, a future culturally sensitive healthcare professional, and as a person. I hope that it can also serve to inform others of the real challenges faced in Bolivian and worldwide health care today. Close