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• 391. [Article] Permanent mountain pine beetle population trend plots : an update, 1985

  This report includes information obtained in both 1983 and 1984. Beginning in 1983, only four of the original six permanent plot locations in the State would be revisited. The two in the southwestern part ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Permanent mountain pine beetle population trend plots : an update, 1985 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Gibson, K. E. (Kenneth E.) This report includes information obtained in both 1983 and 1984. Beginning in 1983, only four of the original six permanent plot locations in the State would be revisited. The two in the southwestern part of the State--Centennial Valley and Madison River--were not visited because of reduced beetle populations and 111.1 increased logging. No update in 1984 was issed; however, data collected in the remaining plot locations showed Murr Creek to be the only one with significant beetle populations in 1983. There, new attacks averaged 21 per acre compared with just over seven in 1982. In 1984, attacks declined to 6.9 per acre. In the Dunsire Creek area in 1983, attacks increased fourfold to 4.1 per acre, up from 0.9 per acre in 1982. They increased once again in 1984, to 12.4 per acre. No new attacks were recorded in either the Boulder Creek or Spotted Bear plots in 1983. For that reason, those two areas were not visited in 1984. I anticipate monitoring all four plot areas in 1985. Title: Permanent mountain pine beetle population trend plots : an update, 1985 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region, Gibson, K. E. (Kenneth E.) This report includes information obtained in both 1983 and 1984. Beginning in 1983, only four of the original six permanent plot locations in the State would be revisited. The two in the southwestern part of the State--Centennial Valley and Madison River--were not visited because of reduced beetle populations and 111.1 increased logging. No update in 1984 was issed; however, data collected in the remaining plot locations showed Murr Creek to be the only one with significant beetle populations in 1983. There, new attacks averaged 21 per acre compared with just over seven in 1982. In 1984, attacks declined to 6.9 per acre. In the Dunsire Creek area in 1983, attacks increased fourfold to 4.1 per acre, up from 0.9 per acre in 1982. They increased once again in 1984, to 12.4 per acre. No new attacks were recorded in either the Boulder Creek or Spotted Bear plots in 1983. For that reason, those two areas were not visited in 1984. I anticipate monitoring all four plot areas in 1985. Close

• 392. [Article] Status of mountain pine beetle, Kootenai National Forest, Montana, 1979

  Mountain pine beetle populations began building in the Kootenai National Forest in 1972. Infestations now encompass an estimated 48,599 acres of lodgepole pine type and 615 acres of ponderosa pine type. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of mountain pine beetle, Kootenai National Forest, Montana, 1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle populations began building in the Kootenai National Forest in 1972. Infestations now encompass an estimated 48,599 acres of lodgepole pine type and 615 acres of ponderosa pine type. Approximately 25 percent of the high-risk stands, 17 percent of the moderate-risk, and less than 1 percent of the low-risk stands are infested. Newly attacked trees averaged 10 per acre. Infestations have the potential to intensify in high-risk stands, with some increase in moderate- and low-risk stands. Predicted trends, plus management alternatives to prevent and/or reduce infestation severity, are discussed. Title: Status of mountain pine beetle, Kootenai National Forest, Montana, 1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle populations began building in the Kootenai National Forest in 1972. Infestations now encompass an estimated 48,599 acres of lodgepole pine type and 615 acres of ponderosa pine type. Approximately 25 percent of the high-risk stands, 17 percent of the moderate-risk, and less than 1 percent of the low-risk stands are infested. Newly attacked trees averaged 10 per acre. Infestations have the potential to intensify in high-risk stands, with some increase in moderate- and low-risk stands. Predicted trends, plus management alternatives to prevent and/or reduce infestation severity, are discussed. Close

• 393. [Article] The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service

  There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service Author: O’Casey, Elizabeth There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes and structures for integrating societal viewpoints into agency decision-­making. This study examines Urban Matters, a community of practice within the National Park Service (NPS) that fits within the larger trend of collaborative processes. This community of practice receives broad support, has a large number of professionals consistently involved, and aligns with the National Park Service’s attempt to strengthen connections with stakeholders outside of the Park Service who are important in the implementation of many NPS policies. The Urban Matters community of practice was analyzed in an effort to better understand why communities of practice emerge, how they are maintained, and what impact they have on the National Park Service. The data informing this study came from interviews with 12 community of practice leaders, 17 community of practice meeting transcripts, and from planning documents used by the Urban Matters community leaders. The results from this analysis are intended to inform and guide the NPS as it continues to initiate and facilitate collaborative practices like Urban Matters. Title: The Role of the Urban Matters Community of Practice within the National Park Service Author: O’Casey, Elizabeth There is a growing movement in the U.S., and throughout the world, involving top down government bureaucracies or government agencies within the natural resources field, to develop new and innovative processes and structures for integrating societal viewpoints into agency decision-­making. This study examines Urban Matters, a community of practice within the National Park Service (NPS) that fits within the larger trend of collaborative processes. This community of practice receives broad support, has a large number of professionals consistently involved, and aligns with the National Park Service’s attempt to strengthen connections with stakeholders outside of the Park Service who are important in the implementation of many NPS policies. The Urban Matters community of practice was analyzed in an effort to better understand why communities of practice emerge, how they are maintained, and what impact they have on the National Park Service. The data informing this study came from interviews with 12 community of practice leaders, 17 community of practice meeting transcripts, and from planning documents used by the Urban Matters community leaders. The results from this analysis are intended to inform and guide the NPS as it continues to initiate and facilitate collaborative practices like Urban Matters. Close

• 394. [Article] Evaluating the Public Cost, Relative Subsidy, and Repayment Burden of Selected U.S. Student Loan Repayment Options

  American students are graduating from college averaging tens of thousands of dollars in debt, leading to substantial repayment burdens and potentially inefficient shifts in spending patterns and career ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the Public Cost, Relative Subsidy, and Repayment Burden of Selected U.S. Student Loan Repayment Options Author: Hauser, Daniel C. American students are graduating from college averaging tens of thousands of dollars in debt, leading to substantial repayment burdens and potentially inefficient shifts in spending patterns and career choices. A political trend towards austerity coupled with the rising student debt make effective allocation of federal higher education resources a high priority. The repayment option students currently start in after graduation, standard, was the cheapest option, and the only one estimated to impose a significant repayment burden on the borrower, ranging up to 12 percent of pretax income for people in the poorest income quintile. Of the three income-contingent repayment options modeled, the Student Loan Fairness Act (SLFA) is estimated to be the most expensive, with an average subsidy of $16,630 for the lowest income quintile. The net present value of loan repayment for SLFA is 42 percent of the amount repaid in the standard scheme, reducing government revenues. To evaluate robustness and demonstrate the impact of rapidly growing student debt, individuals were allocated debt at 1993 and 2008 levels, which significantly increased the relative public cost of every income contingent plan. The evidence gathered indicates student loan repayment design is heavily influential in both individual ability to repay the loans and government capacity to finance the scheme. Title: Evaluating the Public Cost, Relative Subsidy, and Repayment Burden of Selected U.S. Student Loan Repayment Options Author: Hauser, Daniel C. American students are graduating from college averaging tens of thousands of dollars in debt, leading to substantial repayment burdens and potentially inefficient shifts in spending patterns and career choices. A political trend towards austerity coupled with the rising student debt make effective allocation of federal higher education resources a high priority. The repayment option students currently start in after graduation, standard, was the cheapest option, and the only one estimated to impose a significant repayment burden on the borrower, ranging up to 12 percent of pretax income for people in the poorest income quintile. Of the three income-contingent repayment options modeled, the Student Loan Fairness Act (SLFA) is estimated to be the most expensive, with an average subsidy of $16,630 for the lowest income quintile. The net present value of loan repayment for SLFA is 42 percent of the amount repaid in the standard scheme, reducing government revenues. To evaluate robustness and demonstrate the impact of rapidly growing student debt, individuals were allocated debt at 1993 and 2008 levels, which significantly increased the relative public cost of every income contingent plan. The evidence gathered indicates student loan repayment design is heavily influential in both individual ability to repay the loans and government capacity to finance the scheme. Close

• 395. [Article] Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington

  Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington Author: Hatteberg, Evan Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a highly inefficient technology that still sees regular use. Previous literature has paid relatively little attention to the heating systems of multi- family homes. This paper uses statistical analysis to examine the relationship between multi-family homes and the likelihood of a home using electric resistance heating. By applying a heuristic decision making approach that challenges traditional rational choice theory, this paper finds evidence that split incentives between landlord and tenants has resulted in an inefficient outcome. This research will has implications for how the use of energy-efficient and resource-efficient heating systems can be encouraged with regards to multi-family homes. Title: Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington Author: Hatteberg, Evan Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a highly inefficient technology that still sees regular use. Previous literature has paid relatively little attention to the heating systems of multi- family homes. This paper uses statistical analysis to examine the relationship between multi-family homes and the likelihood of a home using electric resistance heating. By applying a heuristic decision making approach that challenges traditional rational choice theory, this paper finds evidence that split incentives between landlord and tenants has resulted in an inefficient outcome. This research will has implications for how the use of energy-efficient and resource-efficient heating systems can be encouraged with regards to multi-family homes. Close

• 396. [Article] Understanding Wildfire Mitigation Behavior of Central Oregon Homeowners

  A history of fire suppression, growth in the wildland-urban interface, and changing climate conditions, have created a fire regime in central Oregon that is growing in severity and intensity, putting more ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Wildfire Mitigation Behavior of Central Oregon Homeowners Author: Roper, Dan A history of fire suppression, growth in the wildland-urban interface, and changing climate conditions, have created a fire regime in central Oregon that is growing in severity and intensity, putting more people and structures at risk and requiring a greater percentage of state and federal agency budgets to manage fires. Realization of the importance of individual homeowners in reducing wildfire risks has led to a growing interest in understanding what mitigation activities homeowners are completing around their homes and properties, as well as which factors are influencing their decisions. This research uses data from the Public Attitudes toward Wildfire in Central Oregon (2011) to develop an OLS model of firewise behavior that seeks to explain the leading factors affecting firewise behavior in this central Oregon study group. It includes several variables created from a series of factor analyses that are assumed to measure concern about wildfire and opinions on public land and wildfire management. The results from the model suggest a number of policy recommendations for promoting firewise behavior. The intent of this essay is to describe current wildfire trends and management in the western US with an emphasis on wildfire mitigation by homeowners, and it concludes with an analysis of policy options for addressing this modern wildfire problem. Title: Understanding Wildfire Mitigation Behavior of Central Oregon Homeowners Author: Roper, Dan A history of fire suppression, growth in the wildland-urban interface, and changing climate conditions, have created a fire regime in central Oregon that is growing in severity and intensity, putting more people and structures at risk and requiring a greater percentage of state and federal agency budgets to manage fires. Realization of the importance of individual homeowners in reducing wildfire risks has led to a growing interest in understanding what mitigation activities homeowners are completing around their homes and properties, as well as which factors are influencing their decisions. This research uses data from the Public Attitudes toward Wildfire in Central Oregon (2011) to develop an OLS model of firewise behavior that seeks to explain the leading factors affecting firewise behavior in this central Oregon study group. It includes several variables created from a series of factor analyses that are assumed to measure concern about wildfire and opinions on public land and wildfire management. The results from the model suggest a number of policy recommendations for promoting firewise behavior. The intent of this essay is to describe current wildfire trends and management in the western US with an emphasis on wildfire mitigation by homeowners, and it concludes with an analysis of policy options for addressing this modern wildfire problem. Close

• 397. [Article] Synthesis of Transportation Applications of Mobile LIDAR

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Synthesis of Transportation Applications of Mobile LIDAR Author: Williams, Keith, Olsen, Michael J., Roe, Gene V., Glennie, Craig This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing. Title: Synthesis of Transportation Applications of Mobile LIDAR Author: Williams, Keith, Olsen, Michael J., Roe, Gene V., Glennie, Craig This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by MDPI. The published article can be found at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing. Close

• 398. [Article] Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain Author: Freeman, M. A., Williams, B. A. P., Troemel, E. R., Keeling, P. J., Solter, L., Sokolova, Y., Didier, E. S., Weiss, L. M., Stentiford, G. D., Roesel, K., Snowden, K. F., Kent, M. L., Becnel, J. J., Bjornson, S., Brown, M. J. F. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/home Title: Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain Author: Freeman, M. A., Williams, B. A. P., Troemel, E. R., Keeling, P. J., Solter, L., Sokolova, Y., Didier, E. S., Weiss, L. M., Stentiford, G. D., Roesel, K., Snowden, K. F., Kent, M. L., Becnel, J. J., Bjornson, S., Brown, M. J. F. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/home Close

• 399. [Article] Regularity and Predictability of Human Mobility in Personal Space

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regularity and Predictability of Human Mobility in Personal Space Author: Hayes, Tamara, Cross, Robin M., Kaye, Jeffrey, Austin, Daniel This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Regularity and Predictability of Human Mobility in Personal Space Author: Hayes, Tamara, Cross, Robin M., Kaye, Jeffrey, Austin, Daniel This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 400. [Article] Elucidating Comminution Steps to Enhance the Value of Surimi from Tropical Fish

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wafp20#.Vq...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Elucidating Comminution Steps to Enhance the Value of Surimi from Tropical Fish Author: Park, Jae W., Park, Joo Dong, Poowakanjana, Samanan This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wafp20#.Vq_1JUbde6g Title: Elucidating Comminution Steps to Enhance the Value of Surimi from Tropical Fish Author: Park, Jae W., Park, Joo Dong, Poowakanjana, Samanan This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wafp20#.Vq_1JUbde6g Close