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• 31. [Article] Oregon State Forester; January, 1969

  Magazine of the OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association; Centennial Edition

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon State Forester; January, 1969 Author: OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association Magazine of the OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association; Centennial Edition Title: Oregon State Forester; January, 1969 Author: OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association Magazine of the OSU Oregon Forestry Alumni Association; Centennial Edition Close

• 32. [Article] A comparative study of two land classification systems for use with remote sensor data

  Two standardized land classification systems designed for use with remote sensor data were studied comparatively. One of tile classification systems is proposed for review and testing in U. S. 0.S. Circular ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of two land classification systems for use with remote sensor data Author: McDaniel, Kirk C. Two standardized land classification systems designed for use with remote sensor data were studied comparatively. One of tile classification systems is proposed for review and testing in U. S. 0.S. Circular 671 (Legend I) (Anderson et al., 1972); the other is a hierarchial legend system in use since 1968 (Legend II) (Poulton, 1972). Both of these classification systems could be adopted for use by federal, state, and local agencies. Both are proposed for general use throughout the United States. The basic objective of this study was to determine through multistage sampling and photo interpretation testing, the advantages and disadvantages in each of these two land-use and resource classification systems. Each legend system was tested in terms of photo identification accuracy, ease of use, and completeness of land-use and resource categories. First level legend units from the two systems were mapped on a State of Oregon ERTS-1 space photo mosaic. The mapping effort was verified by a ground truth check. The results showed that 90 percent of the primary categories under Legend I, and 94 percent of the primary categories under Legend II were correctly interpreted. Second level legend units were mapped on high flight color infrared photography (scale 1:120, 000) taken over Marion County, Oregon. Results showed 88 percent of the secondary categories under Legend I, and 83 percent of the categories under Legend II to be correctly interpreted. A photo interpretation test was performed with a total of 15 different interpreters. The test involved identification of previously mapped categories on ERTS-1 and high flight imagery; and photographs taken of land-use subjects at ground level. Results of the test showed interpreters generally chose similar or analogous categories from the two systems when classifying test sites. Test sites classified by the interpreters and compared against a key were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance. The analysis showed no significant differences in the ability of interpreters to classify land-use subjects from either legend system. Extreme variation in the ability of interpreters to identify test sites existed between experience groups. Individuals with the most prior photo and land-use interpretation experience consistently identified test sites more accurately on ERTS-1 and high flight photos than the less experienced interpreters. A consolidated legend system for use with remote sensing data has been suggested. This legend draws together categories under Legends I and II that have the highest probability of being identified on space and high flight imagery, and which provide the most information at first and second levels of classification. Title: A comparative study of two land classification systems for use with remote sensor data Author: McDaniel, Kirk C. Two standardized land classification systems designed for use with remote sensor data were studied comparatively. One of tile classification systems is proposed for review and testing in U. S. 0.S. Circular 671 (Legend I) (Anderson et al., 1972); the other is a hierarchial legend system in use since 1968 (Legend II) (Poulton, 1972). Both of these classification systems could be adopted for use by federal, state, and local agencies. Both are proposed for general use throughout the United States. The basic objective of this study was to determine through multistage sampling and photo interpretation testing, the advantages and disadvantages in each of these two land-use and resource classification systems. Each legend system was tested in terms of photo identification accuracy, ease of use, and completeness of land-use and resource categories. First level legend units from the two systems were mapped on a State of Oregon ERTS-1 space photo mosaic. The mapping effort was verified by a ground truth check. The results showed that 90 percent of the primary categories under Legend I, and 94 percent of the primary categories under Legend II were correctly interpreted. Second level legend units were mapped on high flight color infrared photography (scale 1:120, 000) taken over Marion County, Oregon. Results showed 88 percent of the secondary categories under Legend I, and 83 percent of the categories under Legend II to be correctly interpreted. A photo interpretation test was performed with a total of 15 different interpreters. The test involved identification of previously mapped categories on ERTS-1 and high flight imagery; and photographs taken of land-use subjects at ground level. Results of the test showed interpreters generally chose similar or analogous categories from the two systems when classifying test sites. Test sites classified by the interpreters and compared against a key were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance. The analysis showed no significant differences in the ability of interpreters to classify land-use subjects from either legend system. Extreme variation in the ability of interpreters to identify test sites existed between experience groups. Individuals with the most prior photo and land-use interpretation experience consistently identified test sites more accurately on ERTS-1 and high flight photos than the less experienced interpreters. A consolidated legend system for use with remote sensing data has been suggested. This legend draws together categories under Legends I and II that have the highest probability of being identified on space and high flight imagery, and which provide the most information at first and second levels of classification. Close

• 33. [Article] Factors influencing source credibility of consumer reviews : apparel online shopping

  The EBM model of consumer decision making was used to guide the present study. According to this model when consumers make purchase decisions, they search for information from either internal and/or external ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors influencing source credibility of consumer reviews : apparel online shopping Author: Shin, KoEun The EBM model of consumer decision making was used to guide the present study. According to this model when consumers make purchase decisions, they search for information from either internal and/or external sources. When consumers do not have enough information from internal sources, such as knowledge and experiences, they search information from external sources, including market-dominated, consumer-dominated, and neutral sources. As the population of Internet users grows, consumer-dominated communication on the Web, also called Internet WOM, is also increasing. Consumer reviews, one of the ways consumers exchange opinions and experiences on products and services on the Web, have been successfully practiced. Nonetheless, research on the effectiveness of consumer reviews has not yet been done. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of consumer reviews, specifically the source credibility of consumer reviews according to different types of review features, such as content of reviews, presence of a reviewer’s photo, and type of a reviewer’s name. In addition, the relationship between the perceived credibility of a reviewer and the perceived risk associated with online purchase was also examined. Using an online survey method, two hundred and ninety-two female students voluntarily participated in this study and received extra credit points for their participation. A 2×2×3 complete factorial experiment was used to examine source credibility— attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness—of consumer reviews of apparel. The three independent variables were the content of reviews with two treatments (a general review and a specific review), the presence of photo with two treatments (absence of a reviewer’s photo and presence of a reviewer’s photo), and the type of a reviewer’s name with three treatments (anonymous, an identifiable with an ID, and an identifiable with a real name reviewer). The results revealed that 1) specific reviews increased source attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness, 2) a review without a photo of a reviewer increased source attractiveness and had no effect on the others, and 3) type of a reviewer’s name had no effects on source attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness. An additional finding was that the higher the perceived source credibility the greater the reduction in the perceived risk associated with online shopping. The results of this study have implications for consumer researchers to further investigate the effectiveness of consumer reviews. Additionally, the findings can inform apparel e-retailers in determining whether to include consumer reviews as a feature and, if so, what criteria to include for consumer reviews. Title: Factors influencing source credibility of consumer reviews : apparel online shopping Author: Shin, KoEun The EBM model of consumer decision making was used to guide the present study. According to this model when consumers make purchase decisions, they search for information from either internal and/or external sources. When consumers do not have enough information from internal sources, such as knowledge and experiences, they search information from external sources, including market-dominated, consumer-dominated, and neutral sources. As the population of Internet users grows, consumer-dominated communication on the Web, also called Internet WOM, is also increasing. Consumer reviews, one of the ways consumers exchange opinions and experiences on products and services on the Web, have been successfully practiced. Nonetheless, research on the effectiveness of consumer reviews has not yet been done. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of consumer reviews, specifically the source credibility of consumer reviews according to different types of review features, such as content of reviews, presence of a reviewer’s photo, and type of a reviewer’s name. In addition, the relationship between the perceived credibility of a reviewer and the perceived risk associated with online purchase was also examined. Using an online survey method, two hundred and ninety-two female students voluntarily participated in this study and received extra credit points for their participation. A 2×2×3 complete factorial experiment was used to examine source credibility— attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness—of consumer reviews of apparel. The three independent variables were the content of reviews with two treatments (a general review and a specific review), the presence of photo with two treatments (absence of a reviewer’s photo and presence of a reviewer’s photo), and the type of a reviewer’s name with three treatments (anonymous, an identifiable with an ID, and an identifiable with a real name reviewer). The results revealed that 1) specific reviews increased source attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness, 2) a review without a photo of a reviewer increased source attractiveness and had no effect on the others, and 3) type of a reviewer’s name had no effects on source attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness. An additional finding was that the higher the perceived source credibility the greater the reduction in the perceived risk associated with online shopping. The results of this study have implications for consumer researchers to further investigate the effectiveness of consumer reviews. Additionally, the findings can inform apparel e-retailers in determining whether to include consumer reviews as a feature and, if so, what criteria to include for consumer reviews. Close

• 34. [Article] Airphoto analysis of estuarine circulation

  Aerial photography has become a valuable method of acquiring information on estuarine current circulation patterns. The method provides a comprehensive picture of nearly simultaneous surface water movements. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Airphoto analysis of estuarine circulation Author: Weise, Harry Gordon Aerial photography has become a valuable method of acquiring information on estuarine current circulation patterns. The method provides a comprehensive picture of nearly simultaneous surface water movements. It represents a significant improvement over conventional surface float and current meter methods because large areas may be covered in great detail with limited personnel and equipment. The goals of this study include the development and documentation of methodology for evaluating and displaying surface current velocities and two dimensional diffusion coefficients using dye tracers, oblique aerial photography and digital computers. Field procedures and data reduction techniques have been tested and modified in an attempt to provide a maximum amount of useful data with a minimum expenditure of manpower and materials. The study has demonstrated that fluorescent dye tracers, placed in articulated streaks, are conveniently deployed, easily interpreted photographically, conservative with respect to dye wastage and useful for diffusion studies as well as current studies. Individual oblique aerial photographs have been utilized in preference to stereo or vertical photogrammetric methods to eliminate reflected light problems and to allow the use of available aircraft and photographic equipment. Greater course variation and low altitude flights are permissible under some cloud covers that could otherwise preclude the use of other aerial photo methods. Digital computer procedures are described which analyze aerial photo data by (1) determining the six parameters of the camera and photograph orientation based on initial approximations of position and angular rotation and (2) calculating magnitudes and directions of currents and approximate diffusion rates. Computer graphic techniques are presented which are used to display estuary boundaries, velocity vectors and dye patch outlines. This report is intended to become a user's manual for the application of the Oregon State University photogrammetric equipment. However, the principles involved and the methodology described are general and can be readily applied by the reader in designing his own system for determining estuarine circulation patterns through the use of air photo imagery. Title: Airphoto analysis of estuarine circulation Author: Weise, Harry Gordon Aerial photography has become a valuable method of acquiring information on estuarine current circulation patterns. The method provides a comprehensive picture of nearly simultaneous surface water movements. It represents a significant improvement over conventional surface float and current meter methods because large areas may be covered in great detail with limited personnel and equipment. The goals of this study include the development and documentation of methodology for evaluating and displaying surface current velocities and two dimensional diffusion coefficients using dye tracers, oblique aerial photography and digital computers. Field procedures and data reduction techniques have been tested and modified in an attempt to provide a maximum amount of useful data with a minimum expenditure of manpower and materials. The study has demonstrated that fluorescent dye tracers, placed in articulated streaks, are conveniently deployed, easily interpreted photographically, conservative with respect to dye wastage and useful for diffusion studies as well as current studies. Individual oblique aerial photographs have been utilized in preference to stereo or vertical photogrammetric methods to eliminate reflected light problems and to allow the use of available aircraft and photographic equipment. Greater course variation and low altitude flights are permissible under some cloud covers that could otherwise preclude the use of other aerial photo methods. Digital computer procedures are described which analyze aerial photo data by (1) determining the six parameters of the camera and photograph orientation based on initial approximations of position and angular rotation and (2) calculating magnitudes and directions of currents and approximate diffusion rates. Computer graphic techniques are presented which are used to display estuary boundaries, velocity vectors and dye patch outlines. This report is intended to become a user's manual for the application of the Oregon State University photogrammetric equipment. However, the principles involved and the methodology described are general and can be readily applied by the reader in designing his own system for determining estuarine circulation patterns through the use of air photo imagery. Close

• 35. [Article] Degradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Using Photo-Catalysis and Microreactor Technology : Experimentation and Modeling

  The cleanliness of water is a major issue with regards to humanity's continued survival. The chlorination and chloro-amination of water is essential to the creation of microbiologically clean water. However ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Degradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Using Photo-Catalysis and Microreactor Technology : Experimentation and Modeling Author: Omar, Mohamed The cleanliness of water is a major issue with regards to humanity's continued survival. The chlorination and chloro-amination of water is essential to the creation of microbiologically clean water. However these processes also give rise to oxidative byproducts such as nitrosamines. In particular, due to its high toxicity, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is of high concern for many communities. As a consequence, the destruction of small concentration of NDMA from drinking water can be considered a priority. This work investigates the degradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) through experimentation in a microreactor and develops a computational model based on the results. The microreactor developed for this study was a 2 cm in length, 1 cm in width and 200 µm deep microchannel. One of the walls of the microreactor was coated with TiO₂, a semi-conductor photo-catalyst, and activated through the use of lower energy UV-A light. Reactor effluent was characterized using a cationic and anionic ion chromatograph. The results showed superior degradation of NDMA when compared to similar studies which utilized more conventional suspended particle batch reactors, with the microreactor degrading NDMA by approximately 90% in 5 minutes. Measurements of dimethylamine, NO⁺, and methylamine products showed strong correlation to NDMA consumption. Methanol could not be detected using the analytical tool employed and its existence could not be confirmed. Results of the microreactor modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics showed good trend correspondence. The model fit the degradation mechanics of NDMA well but differences between the modelling results and experimental results can be attributed to a shift from a reaction limited reactor to a diffusion limited reactor. The model did not fit the experimental data for methylamine, the experimental data insinuates another reaction consuming methylamine. Based on the modeling results a thinner microchannel would be important for optimal degradation in a microreactor. Title: Degradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Using Photo-Catalysis and Microreactor Technology : Experimentation and Modeling Author: Omar, Mohamed The cleanliness of water is a major issue with regards to humanity's continued survival. The chlorination and chloro-amination of water is essential to the creation of microbiologically clean water. However these processes also give rise to oxidative byproducts such as nitrosamines. In particular, due to its high toxicity, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is of high concern for many communities. As a consequence, the destruction of small concentration of NDMA from drinking water can be considered a priority. This work investigates the degradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) through experimentation in a microreactor and develops a computational model based on the results. The microreactor developed for this study was a 2 cm in length, 1 cm in width and 200 µm deep microchannel. One of the walls of the microreactor was coated with TiO₂, a semi-conductor photo-catalyst, and activated through the use of lower energy UV-A light. Reactor effluent was characterized using a cationic and anionic ion chromatograph. The results showed superior degradation of NDMA when compared to similar studies which utilized more conventional suspended particle batch reactors, with the microreactor degrading NDMA by approximately 90% in 5 minutes. Measurements of dimethylamine, NO⁺, and methylamine products showed strong correlation to NDMA consumption. Methanol could not be detected using the analytical tool employed and its existence could not be confirmed. Results of the microreactor modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics showed good trend correspondence. The model fit the degradation mechanics of NDMA well but differences between the modelling results and experimental results can be attributed to a shift from a reaction limited reactor to a diffusion limited reactor. The model did not fit the experimental data for methylamine, the experimental data insinuates another reaction consuming methylamine. Based on the modeling results a thinner microchannel would be important for optimal degradation in a microreactor. Close

• 36. [Article] Spinach peroxidase and the photo-oxidation of managanese by isolated chloroplasts

  Manganese has been known to be essential for photosynthesis for almost 30 years. Subsequent experimentation indicated a definite function for manganese in oxygen evolution. However, the mode of action ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spinach peroxidase and the photo-oxidation of managanese by isolated chloroplasts Author: McKenna, John Michael Manganese has been known to be essential for photosynthesis for almost 30 years. Subsequent experimentation indicated a definite function for manganese in oxygen evolution. However, the mode of action of manganese and further localization of its site of action have not been determined. Ten years ago it was demonstrated that illuminated chloroplasts were capable of oxidizing manganese. The role of manganese in photosynthesis and the observed photooxidation of manganese by chloroplasts have often been correlated theoretically but never experimentally. Peroxidase was secondarily implicated since it is a stimulant for the manganese oxidizing reaction. The experiments presented in this thesis were conducted in order to determine more about the manganese oxidizing reaction and its relation to photosynthesis, and to characterize spinach peroxidase both as a stimulant in manganese oxidation and as a separate entity. If added, excess manganese replaces water in the photo-oxidizing system, the reaction should have properties similar to those of the Hill reaction. Results presented herein show the photo-oxidation to be sensitive to DCMU and simazine. Also the light saturation is practically identical to that of Hill reaction as is the response to temperature. Unlike the Hill reaction, the system is inhibited by acriflavin and KCN and is stimulated by FMN. Since the system requires oxygen as the oxidant and is stimulated by peroxidase, the latter results are to be expected. Additional information on the requirement for plastoquinone and other cofactors is presented. It appears that manganese is a redox intermediate acting at a site in photosynthetic electron transport between the point of oxygen evolution and the site of DCMU and simazine inhibition. Peroxidase is known to be present in almost all plants. The specific function of the enzyme is not known. It has been studied extensively in extracts from horseradish roots but not from green leaf tissue. Therefore, a preliminary study of spinach peroxidase was conducted. This study includes a purification procedure and an elementary characterization including pH optimum, substrate reactivity, and inhibitor studies. Although the results may contribute something to the multitudinous in vitro studies on peroxidase, no evidence for a specific in vivo function for this enzyme was obtained. Title: Spinach peroxidase and the photo-oxidation of managanese by isolated chloroplasts Author: McKenna, John Michael Manganese has been known to be essential for photosynthesis for almost 30 years. Subsequent experimentation indicated a definite function for manganese in oxygen evolution. However, the mode of action of manganese and further localization of its site of action have not been determined. Ten years ago it was demonstrated that illuminated chloroplasts were capable of oxidizing manganese. The role of manganese in photosynthesis and the observed photooxidation of manganese by chloroplasts have often been correlated theoretically but never experimentally. Peroxidase was secondarily implicated since it is a stimulant for the manganese oxidizing reaction. The experiments presented in this thesis were conducted in order to determine more about the manganese oxidizing reaction and its relation to photosynthesis, and to characterize spinach peroxidase both as a stimulant in manganese oxidation and as a separate entity. If added, excess manganese replaces water in the photo-oxidizing system, the reaction should have properties similar to those of the Hill reaction. Results presented herein show the photo-oxidation to be sensitive to DCMU and simazine. Also the light saturation is practically identical to that of Hill reaction as is the response to temperature. Unlike the Hill reaction, the system is inhibited by acriflavin and KCN and is stimulated by FMN. Since the system requires oxygen as the oxidant and is stimulated by peroxidase, the latter results are to be expected. Additional information on the requirement for plastoquinone and other cofactors is presented. It appears that manganese is a redox intermediate acting at a site in photosynthetic electron transport between the point of oxygen evolution and the site of DCMU and simazine inhibition. Peroxidase is known to be present in almost all plants. The specific function of the enzyme is not known. It has been studied extensively in extracts from horseradish roots but not from green leaf tissue. Therefore, a preliminary study of spinach peroxidase was conducted. This study includes a purification procedure and an elementary characterization including pH optimum, substrate reactivity, and inhibitor studies. Although the results may contribute something to the multitudinous in vitro studies on peroxidase, no evidence for a specific in vivo function for this enzyme was obtained. Close

• 37. [Article] Estimating Canopy Cover from Standard Forest Inventory Measurements in Western Oregon

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating Canopy Cover from Standard Forest Inventory Measurements in Western Oregon Author: Garman, Steven L., McIntosh, Anne C.S., Gray, Andrew N. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society of American Foresters and can be found at: http://www.safnet.org/. Title: Estimating Canopy Cover from Standard Forest Inventory Measurements in Western Oregon Author: Garman, Steven L., McIntosh, Anne C.S., Gray, Andrew N. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society of American Foresters and can be found at: http://www.safnet.org/. Close

• 38. [Article] Modeling phyllochron in wheat and barley

  An understanding of the effect of environment on phyllochron (degree-days between two successive leaves) is necessary to model cereal crop canopy growth. This study was designed to investigate the relationships ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling phyllochron in wheat and barley Author: Cao, Weixing An understanding of the effect of environment on phyllochron (degree-days between two successive leaves) is necessary to model cereal crop canopy growth. This study was designed to investigate the relationships of phyllochron to temperatures and daylengths in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A series of experiments at different temperatures and daylengths were conducted in growth chambers on four winter wheat and four spring barley genotypes, and in outdoor pots and field plantings on two of the winter wheat genotypes. In a given constant environment the leaves of a particular wheat and barley genotype emerged at a constant rate. However, the leaf emergence rate (leaves /day) and phyllochron differed among temperatures, daylengths, and genotypes. The leaf emergence rates increased non-linearly with increasing temperature until an optimum temperature was reached and then declined. The phyllochron increased exponentially as temperature increased. As daylength increased, the leaf emergence rate increased and phyllochron decreased, both curvilinearly. Different temperatures and daylengths appeared interactive on leaf emergence rate and phyllochron in controlled environments. These combined effects of temperature and daylength on phyllochron could be quantified as a linear relationship of phyllochron to the ratio of daily degree-days to daylength hours (thermo/photo ratio). In outdoor pots and in the field, the phyllochron was constant throughout the period of development of a particular planting of Stephens or Yamhill wheat, but varied with planting date. The response of phyllochron to planting date was correlated to the thermo/photo ratio during seedling emergence. The results in this research suggest that the linear algorithm between phyllochron and thermo/photo ratio during seedling emergence can be used to predict the phyllochron of both wheat and barley in different planting environments. However, a specific coefficient defining the linear regression intercept must be determined for each cultivar. Title: Modeling phyllochron in wheat and barley Author: Cao, Weixing An understanding of the effect of environment on phyllochron (degree-days between two successive leaves) is necessary to model cereal crop canopy growth. This study was designed to investigate the relationships of phyllochron to temperatures and daylengths in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A series of experiments at different temperatures and daylengths were conducted in growth chambers on four winter wheat and four spring barley genotypes, and in outdoor pots and field plantings on two of the winter wheat genotypes. In a given constant environment the leaves of a particular wheat and barley genotype emerged at a constant rate. However, the leaf emergence rate (leaves /day) and phyllochron differed among temperatures, daylengths, and genotypes. The leaf emergence rates increased non-linearly with increasing temperature until an optimum temperature was reached and then declined. The phyllochron increased exponentially as temperature increased. As daylength increased, the leaf emergence rate increased and phyllochron decreased, both curvilinearly. Different temperatures and daylengths appeared interactive on leaf emergence rate and phyllochron in controlled environments. These combined effects of temperature and daylength on phyllochron could be quantified as a linear relationship of phyllochron to the ratio of daily degree-days to daylength hours (thermo/photo ratio). In outdoor pots and in the field, the phyllochron was constant throughout the period of development of a particular planting of Stephens or Yamhill wheat, but varied with planting date. The response of phyllochron to planting date was correlated to the thermo/photo ratio during seedling emergence. The results in this research suggest that the linear algorithm between phyllochron and thermo/photo ratio during seedling emergence can be used to predict the phyllochron of both wheat and barley in different planting environments. However, a specific coefficient defining the linear regression intercept must be determined for each cultivar. Close

• 39. [Article] The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps Author: Ackers, Steven H., Dugger, Katie M., Davis, Raymond J., Olsen, Keith A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/remote-sensing-of-environment. Title: The evolution of mapping habitat for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina): A comparison of photo-interpreted, Landsat-based, and lidar-based habitat maps Author: Ackers, Steven H., Dugger, Katie M., Davis, Raymond J., Olsen, Keith A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/remote-sensing-of-environment. Close

• 40. [Article] Aerial photographs as an aid in preparing a management plan for the Blodgett tract

  There are approximately 4,000,000 acres of cut-over and burned-over land in western Washington and Oregon which are either non-stocked or unsatisfactorily stocked with young forest growth. This brings ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial photographs as an aid in preparing a management plan for the Blodgett tract Author: Voorhies, Ray Van There are approximately 4,000,000 acres of cut-over and burned-over land in western Washington and Oregon which are either non-stocked or unsatisfactorily stocked with young forest growth. This brings about a great need for a quick and efficient method of land examination from which to plan reforestation measures and make up management plans. This thesis is an explanation of one method, that of using aerial photographs in conjunction with limited ground observation. An example is given which illustrates that each $l.00 saved in the planning stage of forest regeneration means $l9.23 more profit at the end of 100 years using an interest rate of 3% compounded annually. More and more forest industries are beginning to use aerial photos for management plans, reforestation programs, and even cutting plans and preliminary road location. The first part of this thesis deals with the using of the aerial photographs and the recognition of the information found on them as substantiated by ground examination. The Blodgett tract is 2400 acres of logged and burned-over land in northwestern Oregon which was deeded to the Oregon State College School of Forestry for the purpose of establishing a reforestation study area. The photographs used were standard 9 x 9 inch contact prints of negative photographed with a f-l2" Aerial Mapping Camera by Delano Aerial Surveys of Portland, Oregon. The average scale of photography was 1:12,000. The photographs were taken to the Blodgett tract and used as a guide in examining certain areas of the tract. Next a base map was made of the area using a slotted template laydown for horizontal control. The planimetry was transferred to the base map from the aerial photos by means of a multiscope. Fuel types were also determined from the photos. Other maps, including the proposed road and water development map, the hour control map and the seen area map, were also prepared. They were not particularly dependent upon the photographs for their information, except that the roads were located along old railroad grades and the water holes were beaver ponds, both of which could be observed on the photographs. A second land examination was made to correlate the types of vegetation on representative areas with the vegetational types given those areas from aerial photograph interpretation. Certain changes were made where the land examination showed the stocking or the species composition to differ from the photo interpretation. Well defined areas of each type were examined by the stocked quadrat method of reproduction examination and final classifications were based on the results. In conclusion to the first part of the thesis the author states that the field work in preparing a reforestation plan can be reduced to one-fifth of the time required by land examination alone. Forest boundaries and type boundaries may be easily recognized on the photographs and transferred to the base map. Fuel type and hour control maps may be made from the photos. Seen area maps may not be made from photographs without first constructing a topographic map. Tree species can be recognized to a certain degree from the photographs. Pure fir stands can be differentiated from pure hemlock stands, but they are not easily separated when in a mixture. Alder stands can be separated from the willow-vine maple stands, but again not in mixtures. However it is easy to distinguish coniferous stands from the hardwoods. The degree of stocking on reforestated areas can be determined from aerial photo examination, but only when the young trees average better than five feet in height and two feet in crown diameter. Part Two of the thesis is a brief management plan for the Blodgett tract. It includes the history, physiographic features, and condition of the forest on the tract. Silivicultural recommendations are made and also the fire protection maps previously mentioned. The area has high site quality, ample moisture, deep soil, and is ideally suited to the growing of Douglas-fir veneer stock on a rotation of between 100 and 150 years. It is located close to the Columbia River, which facilitates the transportation of the timber products. There is an adequate supply of local labor. The author recommends the planting of non-stocked and understocked areas, the pruning of selected crop tress, and periodic thinnings. Also recommended is the construction of access and fire roads, and a program of rodent and game control to assist in the re-establishment of the forest. Title: Aerial photographs as an aid in preparing a management plan for the Blodgett tract Author: Voorhies, Ray Van There are approximately 4,000,000 acres of cut-over and burned-over land in western Washington and Oregon which are either non-stocked or unsatisfactorily stocked with young forest growth. This brings about a great need for a quick and efficient method of land examination from which to plan reforestation measures and make up management plans. This thesis is an explanation of one method, that of using aerial photographs in conjunction with limited ground observation. An example is given which illustrates that each $l.00 saved in the planning stage of forest regeneration means $l9.23 more profit at the end of 100 years using an interest rate of 3% compounded annually. More and more forest industries are beginning to use aerial photos for management plans, reforestation programs, and even cutting plans and preliminary road location. The first part of this thesis deals with the using of the aerial photographs and the recognition of the information found on them as substantiated by ground examination. The Blodgett tract is 2400 acres of logged and burned-over land in northwestern Oregon which was deeded to the Oregon State College School of Forestry for the purpose of establishing a reforestation study area. The photographs used were standard 9 x 9 inch contact prints of negative photographed with a f-l2" Aerial Mapping Camera by Delano Aerial Surveys of Portland, Oregon. The average scale of photography was 1:12,000. The photographs were taken to the Blodgett tract and used as a guide in examining certain areas of the tract. Next a base map was made of the area using a slotted template laydown for horizontal control. The planimetry was transferred to the base map from the aerial photos by means of a multiscope. Fuel types were also determined from the photos. Other maps, including the proposed road and water development map, the hour control map and the seen area map, were also prepared. They were not particularly dependent upon the photographs for their information, except that the roads were located along old railroad grades and the water holes were beaver ponds, both of which could be observed on the photographs. A second land examination was made to correlate the types of vegetation on representative areas with the vegetational types given those areas from aerial photograph interpretation. Certain changes were made where the land examination showed the stocking or the species composition to differ from the photo interpretation. Well defined areas of each type were examined by the stocked quadrat method of reproduction examination and final classifications were based on the results. In conclusion to the first part of the thesis the author states that the field work in preparing a reforestation plan can be reduced to one-fifth of the time required by land examination alone. Forest boundaries and type boundaries may be easily recognized on the photographs and transferred to the base map. Fuel type and hour control maps may be made from the photos. Seen area maps may not be made from photographs without first constructing a topographic map. Tree species can be recognized to a certain degree from the photographs. Pure fir stands can be differentiated from pure hemlock stands, but they are not easily separated when in a mixture. Alder stands can be separated from the willow-vine maple stands, but again not in mixtures. However it is easy to distinguish coniferous stands from the hardwoods. The degree of stocking on reforestated areas can be determined from aerial photo examination, but only when the young trees average better than five feet in height and two feet in crown diameter. Part Two of the thesis is a brief management plan for the Blodgett tract. It includes the history, physiographic features, and condition of the forest on the tract. Silivicultural recommendations are made and also the fire protection maps previously mentioned. The area has high site quality, ample moisture, deep soil, and is ideally suited to the growing of Douglas-fir veneer stock on a rotation of between 100 and 150 years. It is located close to the Columbia River, which facilitates the transportation of the timber products. There is an adequate supply of local labor. The author recommends the planting of non-stocked and understocked areas, the pruning of selected crop tress, and periodic thinnings. Also recommended is the construction of access and fire roads, and a program of rodent and game control to assist in the re-establishment of the forest. Close