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• 351. [Article] Evaluating potential decay control agents with a small block test

  A small-scale test was developed to evaluate the ability of fungicides to control decay fungi established in wood. The test, which uses blocks 2.5 x 2.5 x 10 cm, tests the ability of a chemical to migrate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating potential decay control agents with a small block test Author: Morrell, Jeffrey J., Corden, Malcolm E. A small-scale test was developed to evaluate the ability of fungicides to control decay fungi established in wood. The test, which uses blocks 2.5 x 2.5 x 10 cm, tests the ability of a chemical to migrate from the middle of the block to control a previously established decay fungus, Poria carbonica. The effect of block size, degree of fungal development, chemical exposure period, and aeration during exposure were evaluated on chemicals previously shown to be effective for remedial control of decay. The method was then used to evaluate potential decay control chemicals. Highly volatile chemicals proved to be most effective, while water-soluble and oil-borne chemicals produced much poorer control. The small block tests appear to provide a simple, rapid, and accurate method for predicting how chemicals will control established decay fungi in wood. Title: Evaluating potential decay control agents with a small block test Author: Morrell, Jeffrey J., Corden, Malcolm E. A small-scale test was developed to evaluate the ability of fungicides to control decay fungi established in wood. The test, which uses blocks 2.5 x 2.5 x 10 cm, tests the ability of a chemical to migrate from the middle of the block to control a previously established decay fungus, Poria carbonica. The effect of block size, degree of fungal development, chemical exposure period, and aeration during exposure were evaluated on chemicals previously shown to be effective for remedial control of decay. The method was then used to evaluate potential decay control chemicals. Highly volatile chemicals proved to be most effective, while water-soluble and oil-borne chemicals produced much poorer control. The small block tests appear to provide a simple, rapid, and accurate method for predicting how chemicals will control established decay fungi in wood. Close

• 352. [Article] A Model of Mesodinium Rubrum Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary

  Every year in the late summer, patches of the Columbia River estuary begin to turn red. These patches are blooms of mixotrophic ciliates (Myrionecta rubra or Mesodinium rubrum/major) (MR) that ingest the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Model of Mesodinium Rubrum Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary Author: Sherry, Elisabeth J. Every year in the late summer, patches of the Columbia River estuary begin to turn red. These patches are blooms of mixotrophic ciliates (Myrionecta rubra or Mesodinium rubrum/major) (MR) that ingest the chloroplast of their prey, the cryptophytes (CR) Teleaulax amphioxeia (Peterson et al., 2013), and use the acquired organs to photosynthesize. The ecological cues that trigger this bloom and its impact on the estuary biogeochemistry are not fully understood. A one-dimensional five-component ecosystem model was applied and tested in a MATLAB framework. This paper describes sensitivity analyses of the model with respect to nitrate advection, MR and CR maximum uptake and mortality rates, and the rate of MR photosynthesis. The impact of vertical migration and the importance of the seed population were also considered. A set of parameters was selected to produce an optimal surface bloom of MR and CR comparable to the one observed in the chlorophyll-a and phycoerythrin measured at the south channel endurance station, SATURN 03, in 2010. Most of the parameters are positively correlated with the MR and CR bloom timing, duration, and peak. Due to the MR photoautotrophy dependence on their prey, parameters related to CR have the strongest impact on the MR bloom. Title: A Model of Mesodinium Rubrum Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary Author: Sherry, Elisabeth J. Every year in the late summer, patches of the Columbia River estuary begin to turn red. These patches are blooms of mixotrophic ciliates (Myrionecta rubra or Mesodinium rubrum/major) (MR) that ingest the chloroplast of their prey, the cryptophytes (CR) Teleaulax amphioxeia (Peterson et al., 2013), and use the acquired organs to photosynthesize. The ecological cues that trigger this bloom and its impact on the estuary biogeochemistry are not fully understood. A one-dimensional five-component ecosystem model was applied and tested in a MATLAB framework. This paper describes sensitivity analyses of the model with respect to nitrate advection, MR and CR maximum uptake and mortality rates, and the rate of MR photosynthesis. The impact of vertical migration and the importance of the seed population were also considered. A set of parameters was selected to produce an optimal surface bloom of MR and CR comparable to the one observed in the chlorophyll-a and phycoerythrin measured at the south channel endurance station, SATURN 03, in 2010. Most of the parameters are positively correlated with the MR and CR bloom timing, duration, and peak. Due to the MR photoautotrophy dependence on their prey, parameters related to CR have the strongest impact on the MR bloom. Close

• 353. [Article] Rhetoric versus practice : strategic language education and socialization of immigrant children in Sweden, the preschool years

  Sweden's changing demographics, due to recent migrations in the last fifty years, have affected the Swedish educational system and Sweden's language policy. Funding for special education in Sweden regarding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rhetoric versus practice : strategic language education and socialization of immigrant children in Sweden, the preschool years Author: Nordlander, Amy Nastrom Sweden's changing demographics, due to recent migrations in the last fifty years, have affected the Swedish educational system and Sweden's language policy. Funding for special education in Sweden regarding its minority populations is on the decline. Previous forced linguistic assimilation has occurred in Sweden among the Finnish population to the proven detriment of Finnish children. Today, Sweden faces similar value assessments regarding its immigrant language programs, bilingual education, and immigrant rights. The theoretical framework behind a "new" form of preschool education being implemented within Sweden will be explored. As the children in the Botkyrka sprakforskola undergo an immersion foreign language program, they are denied access to bilingual education. The sprakforskola's strategy, to assimilate the children into Swedish society through language training, is met with resistance among individual children, stemming from certain cultural groups, who actively determine their own language shift or language maintenance. Final recommendations in the conclusion stress the valuing of individual and cultural choice. Title: Rhetoric versus practice : strategic language education and socialization of immigrant children in Sweden, the preschool years Author: Nordlander, Amy Nastrom Sweden's changing demographics, due to recent migrations in the last fifty years, have affected the Swedish educational system and Sweden's language policy. Funding for special education in Sweden regarding its minority populations is on the decline. Previous forced linguistic assimilation has occurred in Sweden among the Finnish population to the proven detriment of Finnish children. Today, Sweden faces similar value assessments regarding its immigrant language programs, bilingual education, and immigrant rights. The theoretical framework behind a "new" form of preschool education being implemented within Sweden will be explored. As the children in the Botkyrka sprakforskola undergo an immersion foreign language program, they are denied access to bilingual education. The sprakforskola's strategy, to assimilate the children into Swedish society through language training, is met with resistance among individual children, stemming from certain cultural groups, who actively determine their own language shift or language maintenance. Final recommendations in the conclusion stress the valuing of individual and cultural choice. Close

• 354. [Article] “SHOO FLY”: Reduce Pesticide Dependence with Knowledge about Drosophila suzukii

  Drosophila suzukii was a known pest of berries, grapes, and stone fruits in East Asia for almost a century. Yet in recent years it has successfully migrated throughout the United States, Mexico, and Europe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “SHOO FLY”: Reduce Pesticide Dependence with Knowledge about Drosophila suzukii Author: Marek, Charlene Marie Drosophila suzukii was a known pest of berries, grapes, and stone fruits in East Asia for almost a century. Yet in recent years it has successfully migrated throughout the United States, Mexico, and Europe due to globalized fruit trade. The invasive success of D. suzukii is causing unrest for fruit growers in these regions who face severe economic loss from infestation. An ovarian maturity study was conducted by dissecting field-collected females. Study results show mid-Willamette Valley, Oregon D. suzukii females to be most oviposition-ready between June and September. A trap design study was conducted to quantify features of a successful trap for monitoring and eradication. Headspace, the volume between the liquid bait surface and the closest entry hole, was found to be a significant design feature. Successful trap designs, such as the Side Mesh trap used during summer 2012, can be used to monitor field presence and population accumulation. Knowledge of D. suzukii ovarian maturity in combination with trap catch, fruit phenology and weather patterns can be used to predict D. suzukii activity and help time treatment before infestation. These results contribute to an integrated pest management strategy for D. suzukii to reduce pesticide dependence. Title: “SHOO FLY”: Reduce Pesticide Dependence with Knowledge about Drosophila suzukii Author: Marek, Charlene Marie Drosophila suzukii was a known pest of berries, grapes, and stone fruits in East Asia for almost a century. Yet in recent years it has successfully migrated throughout the United States, Mexico, and Europe due to globalized fruit trade. The invasive success of D. suzukii is causing unrest for fruit growers in these regions who face severe economic loss from infestation. An ovarian maturity study was conducted by dissecting field-collected females. Study results show mid-Willamette Valley, Oregon D. suzukii females to be most oviposition-ready between June and September. A trap design study was conducted to quantify features of a successful trap for monitoring and eradication. Headspace, the volume between the liquid bait surface and the closest entry hole, was found to be a significant design feature. Successful trap designs, such as the Side Mesh trap used during summer 2012, can be used to monitor field presence and population accumulation. Knowledge of D. suzukii ovarian maturity in combination with trap catch, fruit phenology and weather patterns can be used to predict D. suzukii activity and help time treatment before infestation. These results contribute to an integrated pest management strategy for D. suzukii to reduce pesticide dependence. Close

• 355. [Article] Fabrics in subdrains : mechanisms of filtration and the measurement of permeability

  The roles of fabrics in subdrains are identified for normal groundwater flow conditions to determine hydraulic and pore characteristics necessary for design considerations. Two conditions are discussed: (1) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fabrics in subdrains : mechanisms of filtration and the measurement of permeability Author: Copeland, Jane Ann The roles of fabrics in subdrains are identified for normal groundwater flow conditions to determine hydraulic and pore characteristics necessary for design considerations. Two conditions are discussed: (1) the fabric in direct contact with the soil to provide mechanical support, and (2) the fabric as a filter to remove soil particles in suspension in water. If direct contact is maintained between the soil and fabric, control of the hydraulic gradient and/or pore size will prevent soil migration and fabric plugging by soil particles. If toe fabric is a filter in t:ne sense that it removes soil particles suspended in water, the fabric will plug. For tnis case a method of controlling piping of suspended soil particles by relating a soil grain size to the coefficient of fabric permeability is proposed. Relationships between a soil grain size, the soil Reynolds number, and the soil cake porosity are suggested as means of evaluating the effect of fabric plugging and soil cake formation. An experimental design is Proposed to evaluate the applicability of the proposed equations for the critical hydraulic gradient and the control of plugging and piping. Air permeability and falling head water permeability tests were performed. The falling head test provided for water and fabric deairing. Turbulence was found to exist when testing one layer of fabric but laminar flow was indicated when testing multiple layers. Comparison between air and water permeability test results indicates that either method can predict fabric permeability with satisfactory accuracy. Title: Fabrics in subdrains : mechanisms of filtration and the measurement of permeability Author: Copeland, Jane Ann The roles of fabrics in subdrains are identified for normal groundwater flow conditions to determine hydraulic and pore characteristics necessary for design considerations. Two conditions are discussed: (1) the fabric in direct contact with the soil to provide mechanical support, and (2) the fabric as a filter to remove soil particles in suspension in water. If direct contact is maintained between the soil and fabric, control of the hydraulic gradient and/or pore size will prevent soil migration and fabric plugging by soil particles. If toe fabric is a filter in t:ne sense that it removes soil particles suspended in water, the fabric will plug. For tnis case a method of controlling piping of suspended soil particles by relating a soil grain size to the coefficient of fabric permeability is proposed. Relationships between a soil grain size, the soil Reynolds number, and the soil cake porosity are suggested as means of evaluating the effect of fabric plugging and soil cake formation. An experimental design is Proposed to evaluate the applicability of the proposed equations for the critical hydraulic gradient and the control of plugging and piping. Air permeability and falling head water permeability tests were performed. The falling head test provided for water and fabric deairing. Turbulence was found to exist when testing one layer of fabric but laminar flow was indicated when testing multiple layers. Comparison between air and water permeability test results indicates that either method can predict fabric permeability with satisfactory accuracy. Close

• 356. [Article] The abundance, distribution, and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun, on the southern Oregon continental slope

  Eleven cruises were conducted on the Oregon continental slope from April 1973 to March 1975 to assess the biology and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun. Bathymetric and seasonal analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The abundance, distribution, and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun, on the southern Oregon continental slope Author: Oliver, Brian Lee Eleven cruises were conducted on the Oregon continental slope from April 1973 to March 1975 to assess the biology and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun. Bathymetric and seasonal analysis of the distribution of adult Tanner crabs west of Coos Bay, Oregon, revealed no segregation of sexes or seasonal migration. Relative abundance of adult crabs was greatest in the 500-700m depth range. Juveniles were found throughout the adult depth range. Density estimates using a three meter beam trawl were 0-500 crabs/km² (mean = 56) for adult male C. tanneri and 0-1100 crabs/km² (mean = 164) for adult females. Stock estimates for the Oregon coast (500- 700m) and for the Oregon and Washington coasts (457-869m) supported Pereyra's (1972) conclusion that a Tanner crab fishery would not be feasible at this time. Longline pot fishing was suggested as a better method of assessing the commercial potential of the Tanner crab stock. Hydrological and sediment data indicated that the Tanner crab environment is a relatively stable one temporally and spatially in the study area. There was no apparent relationship between the presence or absence of adult C. tanneri and temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sediment organic carbon content, or sediment particle size. Title: The abundance, distribution, and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun, on the southern Oregon continental slope Author: Oliver, Brian Lee Eleven cruises were conducted on the Oregon continental slope from April 1973 to March 1975 to assess the biology and ecology of the Tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun. Bathymetric and seasonal analysis of the distribution of adult Tanner crabs west of Coos Bay, Oregon, revealed no segregation of sexes or seasonal migration. Relative abundance of adult crabs was greatest in the 500-700m depth range. Juveniles were found throughout the adult depth range. Density estimates using a three meter beam trawl were 0-500 crabs/km² (mean = 56) for adult male C. tanneri and 0-1100 crabs/km² (mean = 164) for adult females. Stock estimates for the Oregon coast (500- 700m) and for the Oregon and Washington coasts (457-869m) supported Pereyra's (1972) conclusion that a Tanner crab fishery would not be feasible at this time. Longline pot fishing was suggested as a better method of assessing the commercial potential of the Tanner crab stock. Hydrological and sediment data indicated that the Tanner crab environment is a relatively stable one temporally and spatially in the study area. There was no apparent relationship between the presence or absence of adult C. tanneri and temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sediment organic carbon content, or sediment particle size. Close

• 357. [Article] I-Kiribati youth perceptions of HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors

  The Republic of Kiribati is one of the last countries to face the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Pacific. First appearing in the region in 1982, HIV/AIDS was recognized as a national concern during the late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: I-Kiribati youth perceptions of HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors Author: Roman, Mike T. The Republic of Kiribati is one of the last countries to face the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Pacific. First appearing in the region in 1982, HIV/AIDS was recognized as a national concern during the late 90s. Partnering with the National AIDS Committee, research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods which included focus groups, surveys, personal interviews and quasi experiments. These methods were used to explore population and individual perceptions and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Once perceptions and behaviors were understood, HIV/AIDS was placed in a broader historical and social context. Placing the illness in these contexts, I examined how history and social environments influenced the spread of the virus. Focusing on youth, research exposed complex social structures which produced opportunities for varying levels of stigma, economic development, migration, education and modernity, all contributing to a systematic promotion and prevention of the spread of HI V/AIDS. Conclusions showed that gender roles, modernity, educational and economic opportunity, overpopulation, religious beliefs and limited resources contributed to greater amounts of high risk behaviors taken by individuals. Conversely, gender roles, religious beliefs, and modernity also assisted in the prevention of transmission. Title: I-Kiribati youth perceptions of HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors Author: Roman, Mike T. The Republic of Kiribati is one of the last countries to face the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Pacific. First appearing in the region in 1982, HIV/AIDS was recognized as a national concern during the late 90s. Partnering with the National AIDS Committee, research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods which included focus groups, surveys, personal interviews and quasi experiments. These methods were used to explore population and individual perceptions and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Once perceptions and behaviors were understood, HIV/AIDS was placed in a broader historical and social context. Placing the illness in these contexts, I examined how history and social environments influenced the spread of the virus. Focusing on youth, research exposed complex social structures which produced opportunities for varying levels of stigma, economic development, migration, education and modernity, all contributing to a systematic promotion and prevention of the spread of HI V/AIDS. Conclusions showed that gender roles, modernity, educational and economic opportunity, overpopulation, religious beliefs and limited resources contributed to greater amounts of high risk behaviors taken by individuals. Conversely, gender roles, religious beliefs, and modernity also assisted in the prevention of transmission. Close

• 358. [Article] Synoptic influences on the evolution of a severe hailstorm environment

  Two summertime days were investigated, 27 and 28 June 1973, to observe the changes in the environment that led to the severe hailstorm on 28 June in the National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) network, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Synoptic influences on the evolution of a severe hailstorm environment Author: Duker, Dick C. Two summertime days were investigated, 27 and 28 June 1973, to observe the changes in the environment that led to the severe hailstorm on 28 June in the National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) network, Colorado. Within the network thermodynamic analyses revealed the 28th to have: (1) Above-average low-level moisture. (2) Approximately equal heating as on the 27th. (3) A lower stability index in the morning than on the previous morning. (4) A potentially unstable layer at the top of the mixed layer. The small scale and weakness of an eastward-migrating short wave trough suggested application of a perturbation wind analysis, which showed a vortex moving across the country. Divergence computations at upper levels displayed a divergent region downstream of the vortex and convergent region upstream. The ascent associated with this upper-level divergence led to release of the potential instability found on the 28th, resulting in severe convective storms within the NHRE network. Satellite photographs suggest that the short wave trough originated off the Baja California coast, and show the perturbation vortex associated clouds to move across the U.S. in good agreement with estimated locations of the divergence maximum. Title: Synoptic influences on the evolution of a severe hailstorm environment Author: Duker, Dick C. Two summertime days were investigated, 27 and 28 June 1973, to observe the changes in the environment that led to the severe hailstorm on 28 June in the National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) network, Colorado. Within the network thermodynamic analyses revealed the 28th to have: (1) Above-average low-level moisture. (2) Approximately equal heating as on the 27th. (3) A lower stability index in the morning than on the previous morning. (4) A potentially unstable layer at the top of the mixed layer. The small scale and weakness of an eastward-migrating short wave trough suggested application of a perturbation wind analysis, which showed a vortex moving across the country. Divergence computations at upper levels displayed a divergent region downstream of the vortex and convergent region upstream. The ascent associated with this upper-level divergence led to release of the potential instability found on the 28th, resulting in severe convective storms within the NHRE network. Satellite photographs suggest that the short wave trough originated off the Baja California coast, and show the perturbation vortex associated clouds to move across the U.S. in good agreement with estimated locations of the divergence maximum. Close

• 359. [Article] A free boundary value problem modeling streambed erosion

  Our purpose is twofold, to derive a 2-dimensional model of streambed erosion and to develop a solution procedure to solve the equations of our model. The flow domain, which varies in time, is bounded above ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A free boundary value problem modeling streambed erosion Author: Helfenstein, Franz Hugo Our purpose is twofold, to derive a 2-dimensional model of streambed erosion and to develop a solution procedure to solve the equations of our model. The flow domain, which varies in time, is bounded above by a free surface and is bounded below by an erodable streambed. An initial flow and streambed configuration are given and we would like to determine the streambed evolution. Our basic approach to modeling this process is to combine the interaction of a viscous flow with boundary constraints which represent an erodable streambed. Flow over a bed of sand causes the bed to undergo a distinct evolution. At slow flows, the bed remains flat. With increasing flow velocity, the bed passes through a set of stages: smooth, ripples, dunes, flat with chaotic flow, waves and finally antidunes. One of our main purposes is to obtain a model which has the potential of addressing this evolutionary process. We obtain a model which exhibits the general nature of streambed erosion. Specifically, we obtain classic dune migration. One indirect but significant result is that the vorticity of the flow near the streambed is shown to be a fundamental factor in the erosion process. Another indirect result is the wealth of open questions which have arisen as a result of this work. Title: A free boundary value problem modeling streambed erosion Author: Helfenstein, Franz Hugo Our purpose is twofold, to derive a 2-dimensional model of streambed erosion and to develop a solution procedure to solve the equations of our model. The flow domain, which varies in time, is bounded above by a free surface and is bounded below by an erodable streambed. An initial flow and streambed configuration are given and we would like to determine the streambed evolution. Our basic approach to modeling this process is to combine the interaction of a viscous flow with boundary constraints which represent an erodable streambed. Flow over a bed of sand causes the bed to undergo a distinct evolution. At slow flows, the bed remains flat. With increasing flow velocity, the bed passes through a set of stages: smooth, ripples, dunes, flat with chaotic flow, waves and finally antidunes. One of our main purposes is to obtain a model which has the potential of addressing this evolutionary process. We obtain a model which exhibits the general nature of streambed erosion. Specifically, we obtain classic dune migration. One indirect but significant result is that the vorticity of the flow near the streambed is shown to be a fundamental factor in the erosion process. Another indirect result is the wealth of open questions which have arisen as a result of this work. Close

• 360. [Article] The distribution of hyperiid amphipods off the Oregon coast

  Hyperiid amphipods from one-meter plankton net collections made over a two year period at stations 15, 25, 50, and 65 nautical miles off Newport, Oregon, were examined. Nineteen species were identified. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The distribution of hyperiid amphipods off the Oregon coast Author: Van Arsdale, Harriet Ann Hyperiid amphipods from one-meter plankton net collections made over a two year period at stations 15, 25, 50, and 65 nautical miles off Newport, Oregon, were examined. Nineteen species were identified. The occurrence of some species off Oregon significantly extended the known geographic ranges. To my knowledge Scina crassicornis burmudensis and Tryphana malmi have not been previously recorded in the North Pacific. Streetsia challengeri, Hyperia hystrix, Lycaea pulex, Oxycephalus clausi, Cystisoma fabricii, and Lanceola loveni have not been reported north of California in the eastern Pacific. The frequency of occurrence of Parathemisto pacifica, Paraphronima gracilis, Hyperia hystrix, Tryphana malmi, and Primno abyssalis generally increased with distance from shore. Average abundance of these species was usually maximal 50 miles offshore and decreased inshore and farther offshore. Inshore, the largest total catches of hyperiids occurred during the winter, a period when the movement of water was onshore and the heat content was relatively high. Lowest catches and lowest species diversity were found inshore during the summer when upwelling caused offshore movement of surface water. Amphipod catches were compared to the proportion of Subarctic water present, but no consistent relationship was apparent. Vertical distributions of common species were examined. Although catches sometimes varied with depth, evidence for vertical migration was inconclusive. Title: The distribution of hyperiid amphipods off the Oregon coast Author: Van Arsdale, Harriet Ann Hyperiid amphipods from one-meter plankton net collections made over a two year period at stations 15, 25, 50, and 65 nautical miles off Newport, Oregon, were examined. Nineteen species were identified. The occurrence of some species off Oregon significantly extended the known geographic ranges. To my knowledge Scina crassicornis burmudensis and Tryphana malmi have not been previously recorded in the North Pacific. Streetsia challengeri, Hyperia hystrix, Lycaea pulex, Oxycephalus clausi, Cystisoma fabricii, and Lanceola loveni have not been reported north of California in the eastern Pacific. The frequency of occurrence of Parathemisto pacifica, Paraphronima gracilis, Hyperia hystrix, Tryphana malmi, and Primno abyssalis generally increased with distance from shore. Average abundance of these species was usually maximal 50 miles offshore and decreased inshore and farther offshore. Inshore, the largest total catches of hyperiids occurred during the winter, a period when the movement of water was onshore and the heat content was relatively high. Lowest catches and lowest species diversity were found inshore during the summer when upwelling caused offshore movement of surface water. Amphipod catches were compared to the proportion of Subarctic water present, but no consistent relationship was apparent. Vertical distributions of common species were examined. Although catches sometimes varied with depth, evidence for vertical migration was inconclusive. Close