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• 331. [Article] Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data

  Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and wildfire behavior, and for forest management. Lidar remote sensing has ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data Author: Kim, YunSuk Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and wildfire behavior, and for forest management. Lidar remote sensing has been used successfully to estimate live biomass, but studies focusing on dead biomass are rare. We used lidar data, in conjunction with field measurements from 58 plots to distinguish between and map standing live and dead tree biomass in the mixed coniferous forest of the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA. Lidar intensity and canopy volume were key variables for estimating live biomass, whereas for dead biomass, lidar intensity alone was critical for accurate estimation. Regression estimates of both live and dead biomass ranged between zero and 600 Mg ha⁻¹, with means of 195.08 Mg ha⁻¹ and 65.73 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. Cross validation with field data resulted in correlation coefficients for predicted vs. observed of 0.85 for live biomass (RMSE = 50 Mg ha⁻¹ and %RMSE (RMSE as a percent of the mean) = 26). For dead biomass, correlation was 0.79, RMSE was 42 Mg ha⁻¹, and %RMSE was 63. Biomass maps revealed interesting patterns of live and dead standing tree biomass. Live biomass was highest in the ponderosa pine zone, and decreased from south to north through the mixed conifer and spruce-fir forest zones. Dead biomass exhibited a background range of values in these mature forests from zero to 100 Mg ha⁻¹, with lower values in locations having higher live biomass. In areas with high dead biomass values, live biomass was near zero. These areas were associated with recent wildfires, as indicated by fire maps derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Project (MTBS). Combining our dead biomass maps with the MTBS maps, we demonstrated the complementary power of these two datasets, revealing that MTBS burn intensity class can be described quantitatively in terms of dead biomass. Assuming a background range of dead biomass up to 100 Mg ha⁻¹, it is possible to estimate and map the contribution to the standing dead tree biomass pool associated with recent wildfire. Title: Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data Author: Kim, YunSuk Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and wildfire behavior, and for forest management. Lidar remote sensing has been used successfully to estimate live biomass, but studies focusing on dead biomass are rare. We used lidar data, in conjunction with field measurements from 58 plots to distinguish between and map standing live and dead tree biomass in the mixed coniferous forest of the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA. Lidar intensity and canopy volume were key variables for estimating live biomass, whereas for dead biomass, lidar intensity alone was critical for accurate estimation. Regression estimates of both live and dead biomass ranged between zero and 600 Mg ha⁻¹, with means of 195.08 Mg ha⁻¹ and 65.73 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. Cross validation with field data resulted in correlation coefficients for predicted vs. observed of 0.85 for live biomass (RMSE = 50 Mg ha⁻¹ and %RMSE (RMSE as a percent of the mean) = 26). For dead biomass, correlation was 0.79, RMSE was 42 Mg ha⁻¹, and %RMSE was 63. Biomass maps revealed interesting patterns of live and dead standing tree biomass. Live biomass was highest in the ponderosa pine zone, and decreased from south to north through the mixed conifer and spruce-fir forest zones. Dead biomass exhibited a background range of values in these mature forests from zero to 100 Mg ha⁻¹, with lower values in locations having higher live biomass. In areas with high dead biomass values, live biomass was near zero. These areas were associated with recent wildfires, as indicated by fire maps derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Project (MTBS). Combining our dead biomass maps with the MTBS maps, we demonstrated the complementary power of these two datasets, revealing that MTBS burn intensity class can be described quantitatively in terms of dead biomass. Assuming a background range of dead biomass up to 100 Mg ha⁻¹, it is possible to estimate and map the contribution to the standing dead tree biomass pool associated with recent wildfire. Close

• 332. [Article] Fungal diversity within decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon

  Previous studies have indicated that roots from five tree species (Picea sitchensis, Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus contorta) decompose at different rates across ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fungal diversity within decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon Author: Vandegrift, V. Eleanor Previous studies have indicated that roots from five tree species (Picea sitchensis, Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus contorta) decompose at different rates across an environmental gradient in Oregon. Measurements of wood chemistry from each tree species as well as moisture and temperature from each location do not explain the differences in decomposition rates. Molecular techniques were employed to generate Internal Transcribed Spacer - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (1TS-RFLP) patterns to examine saprotrophic fungi in roots of these tree species and to see if differences in the fungal communities might explain observed differences in decomposition rates. However, due to a large number of ITS-RFLP patterns recovered and low levels of similarity in ITS-RFLP patterns across samples, we were unable to explain root decomposition based upon the fungal community information. Consequently, the analysis focused on comparing levels of ITS-RFLP similarity at each sampling level, determining the extent to which the sampling methods captured the total fungal biodiversity, and examining samples with microscopy and gene sequencing techniques to identify fungi. Root samples were retrieved from trees cut seven to fifteen years prior to sampling. Two tree species were sampled at each of three locations across Oregon. DNA was extracted from hyphae samples collected directly from roots, and fungi cultured from root chips. DNA was also extracted from fungal herbarium specimens, field collected samples, and cultures of saprotrophic fungi. To analyze genetic diversity of the samples, they were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, digested with endonucleases (Hinf I, Dpn II, and Hae III), and ITS-RFLP patterns were evaluated. Nei and Li similarity index analyses were used to compare differences in fungal composition based upon ITS-RFLP patterns between tree species, sites, and harvest stands. Over two hundred distinct ITS-RFLP patterns were recognized from fungal samples. Similarities in ITS-RFLP patterns of hyphal and cultured samples ranged 0 to 1, where 0 indicated no overlap and 1 indicated 100% matching of ITS-RFLPs. When all ITS-RFLPs obtained from each stump were combined, similarities in patterns between sites ranged from 0 to 0.07, from 0 to 0.13 between tree species, from 0 to 0.11 between harvest stands, and from 0 to 0.67 between individual stumps. Linearly increasing JTS-RFLP sampling intensity curves indicate a large diversity of fungi. Using microscopy, cultured samples were examined for hyphae and reproductive structures. In culture, zygomycetous structures were prevalent. DNA gene sequences of the nuclear large and small subunits were used to place unknown ITS-RFLP patterns into family and generic groups. Twenty-three common and five uncommon ITS-RFLP patterns were sequenced; most matched with the Mortierellaceae and Mucoraceae families of the zygomycetes. The large diversity of ITS-RFLP patterns indicates the coarse roots provided habitat to many fungi at the stage of decomposition when samples were collected. Title: Fungal diversity within decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon Author: Vandegrift, V. Eleanor Previous studies have indicated that roots from five tree species (Picea sitchensis, Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus contorta) decompose at different rates across an environmental gradient in Oregon. Measurements of wood chemistry from each tree species as well as moisture and temperature from each location do not explain the differences in decomposition rates. Molecular techniques were employed to generate Internal Transcribed Spacer - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (1TS-RFLP) patterns to examine saprotrophic fungi in roots of these tree species and to see if differences in the fungal communities might explain observed differences in decomposition rates. However, due to a large number of ITS-RFLP patterns recovered and low levels of similarity in ITS-RFLP patterns across samples, we were unable to explain root decomposition based upon the fungal community information. Consequently, the analysis focused on comparing levels of ITS-RFLP similarity at each sampling level, determining the extent to which the sampling methods captured the total fungal biodiversity, and examining samples with microscopy and gene sequencing techniques to identify fungi. Root samples were retrieved from trees cut seven to fifteen years prior to sampling. Two tree species were sampled at each of three locations across Oregon. DNA was extracted from hyphae samples collected directly from roots, and fungi cultured from root chips. DNA was also extracted from fungal herbarium specimens, field collected samples, and cultures of saprotrophic fungi. To analyze genetic diversity of the samples, they were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, digested with endonucleases (Hinf I, Dpn II, and Hae III), and ITS-RFLP patterns were evaluated. Nei and Li similarity index analyses were used to compare differences in fungal composition based upon ITS-RFLP patterns between tree species, sites, and harvest stands. Over two hundred distinct ITS-RFLP patterns were recognized from fungal samples. Similarities in ITS-RFLP patterns of hyphal and cultured samples ranged 0 to 1, where 0 indicated no overlap and 1 indicated 100% matching of ITS-RFLPs. When all ITS-RFLPs obtained from each stump were combined, similarities in patterns between sites ranged from 0 to 0.07, from 0 to 0.13 between tree species, from 0 to 0.11 between harvest stands, and from 0 to 0.67 between individual stumps. Linearly increasing JTS-RFLP sampling intensity curves indicate a large diversity of fungi. Using microscopy, cultured samples were examined for hyphae and reproductive structures. In culture, zygomycetous structures were prevalent. DNA gene sequences of the nuclear large and small subunits were used to place unknown ITS-RFLP patterns into family and generic groups. Twenty-three common and five uncommon ITS-RFLP patterns were sequenced; most matched with the Mortierellaceae and Mucoraceae families of the zygomycetes. The large diversity of ITS-RFLP patterns indicates the coarse roots provided habitat to many fungi at the stage of decomposition when samples were collected. Close

• 333. [Article] Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions

  The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions Author: Baker, Nick J. The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss, introduced species, global climate change, disease, and chemical contaminants; most species declines are not a function of only one factor, but a result of interacting factors and synergistic impacts. I analyzed the impact of field conservation efforts employed in the Calapooia watershed, located in the central Willamette Valley in Oregon, on amphibian species diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index. In the Calapooia watershed the value of this index increased when conservation efforts, such as retaining crop residue and riparian buffers, were present. This suggests that species diversity increased with increased conservation effort at the field level. In addition, I found species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. Long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) were associated with stream channel cover. Rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) and Red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) showed similar relationships to pH, bank width, depth, and riparian habitat where as Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) showed strong relationships to increased structural heterogeneity, increased distance to nearest agricultural field, and increased human disturbance. These results indicate that conservation efforts can impact amphibian biodiversity, and that there are species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. My third chapter looked at pesticides and fertilizers, which have been shown to negatively affect many species of amphibians. I used meta-analytic techniques to quantify the lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides and fertilizers on amphibians in an effort to review the published work to date. I found that, in general, pesticides and fertilizers negatively affect amphibians by reducing both survival and growth. Pesticide and fertilizer chemical classes showed differences in their impacts on amphibians: inorganic fertilizers, organophosphates, phosphonoglycines, and triazines negatively affected amphibian survival, while, organophosphates and triazines negatively affected amphibian growth. Title: Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions Author: Baker, Nick J. The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss, introduced species, global climate change, disease, and chemical contaminants; most species declines are not a function of only one factor, but a result of interacting factors and synergistic impacts. I analyzed the impact of field conservation efforts employed in the Calapooia watershed, located in the central Willamette Valley in Oregon, on amphibian species diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index. In the Calapooia watershed the value of this index increased when conservation efforts, such as retaining crop residue and riparian buffers, were present. This suggests that species diversity increased with increased conservation effort at the field level. In addition, I found species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. Long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) were associated with stream channel cover. Rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) and Red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) showed similar relationships to pH, bank width, depth, and riparian habitat where as Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) showed strong relationships to increased structural heterogeneity, increased distance to nearest agricultural field, and increased human disturbance. These results indicate that conservation efforts can impact amphibian biodiversity, and that there are species-specific habitat associations in the Calapooia watershed. My third chapter looked at pesticides and fertilizers, which have been shown to negatively affect many species of amphibians. I used meta-analytic techniques to quantify the lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides and fertilizers on amphibians in an effort to review the published work to date. I found that, in general, pesticides and fertilizers negatively affect amphibians by reducing both survival and growth. Pesticide and fertilizer chemical classes showed differences in their impacts on amphibians: inorganic fertilizers, organophosphates, phosphonoglycines, and triazines negatively affected amphibian survival, while, organophosphates and triazines negatively affected amphibian growth. Close

• 334. [Article] Post-fire tree establishment and early cohort development in conifer forests of the western Cascades of Oregon, USA

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Post-fire tree establishment and early cohort development in conifer forests of the western Cascades of Oregon, USA Author: Tepley, Alan J., Swanson, Frederick J., Spies, Thomas A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Title: Post-fire tree establishment and early cohort development in conifer forests of the western Cascades of Oregon, USA Author: Tepley, Alan J., Swanson, Frederick J., Spies, Thomas A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Close

• 335. [Article] Disturbance, tree mortality, and implications for contemporary regional forest change in the Pacific Northwest

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Disturbance, tree mortality, and implications for contemporary regional forest change in the Pacific Northwest Author: Spies, Thomas A., Reilly, Matthew J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Title: Disturbance, tree mortality, and implications for contemporary regional forest change in the Pacific Northwest Author: Spies, Thomas A., Reilly, Matthew J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Close

• 336. [Article] Biogeographic and experimental evidence for local scale dispersal limitation in central Panamanian forest birds

  I examined the avian biogeography of the islands of Lago Gatun, Panama, in an effort to better understand the effects of forest fragmentation in this biodiverse region, and specifically to understand the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biogeographic and experimental evidence for local scale dispersal limitation in central Panamanian forest birds Author: Moore, Randall Phillips, 1965- I examined the avian biogeography of the islands of Lago Gatun, Panama, in an effort to better understand the effects of forest fragmentation in this biodiverse region, and specifically to understand the importance of fragment isolation and the mechanism behind its effects on tropical bird distribution. I combined exhaustive surveys of 29 islands with an experimental release program. Analyses of these data were conducted in a hierarchical fashion to evaluate evidence for avian dispersal limitation at multiple scales. First, I assessed the potential roles of area and isolation in determining avian species richness across this series of fragments, and how these relationships may differ for edge and forest dependent birds. Next, I analyzed community structure and species distributions to determine the relative contributions of island area and isolation in creating patterns of species-specific insular occurrence. Lastly, I assessed the results of the experimental investigation to evaluate the hypothesis that dispersal limitation explains the insular distribution patterns of several tropical forest birds. Isolation is a significant predictor of avian species richness, but only after accounting for the stronger effect of area. Species-isolation relationships are different in this archipelago for birds that rely on forest and edge habitats, respectively. Species-specific distributions are significantly nested when islands are ordered by area, and by isolation once the effect of area is considered. Occurrence of most forest species is sensitive to area and isolation of the archipelago. Examination of guild structure suggests that multiple mechanisms are responsible for these occurrence patterns. There are distinct species-specific differences in ability to cross small gaps, and species which are better able to cross these gaps are more widely distributed across the archipelago than those species that negotiate the same barriers poorly. Species that performed uniformly well in release experiments were much less likely to have suffered insular extinction in the preceding 25 years than those species that showed moderate to poor experimental performance. There is strong evidence of a morphological basis for the patterns. The cumulative evidence from these analyses is the most comprehensive evidence to date of local-scale dispersal limitation in volant birds. Title: Biogeographic and experimental evidence for local scale dispersal limitation in central Panamanian forest birds Author: Moore, Randall Phillips, 1965- I examined the avian biogeography of the islands of Lago Gatun, Panama, in an effort to better understand the effects of forest fragmentation in this biodiverse region, and specifically to understand the importance of fragment isolation and the mechanism behind its effects on tropical bird distribution. I combined exhaustive surveys of 29 islands with an experimental release program. Analyses of these data were conducted in a hierarchical fashion to evaluate evidence for avian dispersal limitation at multiple scales. First, I assessed the potential roles of area and isolation in determining avian species richness across this series of fragments, and how these relationships may differ for edge and forest dependent birds. Next, I analyzed community structure and species distributions to determine the relative contributions of island area and isolation in creating patterns of species-specific insular occurrence. Lastly, I assessed the results of the experimental investigation to evaluate the hypothesis that dispersal limitation explains the insular distribution patterns of several tropical forest birds. Isolation is a significant predictor of avian species richness, but only after accounting for the stronger effect of area. Species-isolation relationships are different in this archipelago for birds that rely on forest and edge habitats, respectively. Species-specific distributions are significantly nested when islands are ordered by area, and by isolation once the effect of area is considered. Occurrence of most forest species is sensitive to area and isolation of the archipelago. Examination of guild structure suggests that multiple mechanisms are responsible for these occurrence patterns. There are distinct species-specific differences in ability to cross small gaps, and species which are better able to cross these gaps are more widely distributed across the archipelago than those species that negotiate the same barriers poorly. Species that performed uniformly well in release experiments were much less likely to have suffered insular extinction in the preceding 25 years than those species that showed moderate to poor experimental performance. There is strong evidence of a morphological basis for the patterns. The cumulative evidence from these analyses is the most comprehensive evidence to date of local-scale dispersal limitation in volant birds. Close

• 337. [Article] Work pants worn by loggers in Western Oregon, 1920-1970

  With the arrival of European settlers to Western Oregon nearly 150 years ago came new methods of forest management. Early settlers' forest practices consisted of little more than harvesting what seemed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work pants worn by loggers in Western Oregon, 1920-1970 Author: Gullickson, Mark A. With the arrival of European settlers to Western Oregon nearly 150 years ago came new methods of forest management. Early settlers' forest practices consisted of little more than harvesting what seemed an endless supply of timber. Forestry in the 20th century eventually incorporated such management concerns as re-forestation, biodiversity, wildlife sciences, recreation, and cultural resources. While forest practices in the Pacific Northwest changed dramatically during the 20th century, clothing worn by those most commonly associated with the field, the "logger," remained relatively unchanged. While much information has been published regarding the often over-romanticized life of the logger, information regarding the day to day-life and associative material culture remains almost nonexistent. As the 20th century economy in the Pacific Northwest became less dependent on the wood products industry, the culture and way of life for those whose lives centered around this once thriving industry began to disappear. My interest in this subject developed out of my personal experience working in the woods throughout the Pacific Northwest for seven years, as a forest fire fighter and park ranger for the Bureau of Land Management, and as an archaeologist for the U.S. Forest Service and Oregon State University Research Forests. In this study, I gathered collective memories from 18 individuals who logged throughout Western Oregon between 1920 and 1970. Informants were asked a series of questions pertaining to their logging careers and the clothing they wore. Often termed "old-timers," these informants served as the primary resource of information about work clothing worn by loggers in Western Oregon between 1920 and 1970. Published information describing the history of logging in the Pacific Northwest, photographs provided by informants showing them at work, the examination of catalogues from manufacturers of men's work clothing, and interviews with representatives of work clothing companies served as secondary resources. Published materials detailing work clothing worn by loggers is relatively nonexistent. Consequently, persons with first hand knowledge wearing logging work clothing are in many instances the only sources of information. Photographs furnished by subjects, showing them wearing their work clothing were collected as supportive material. While interviewing subjects for this project, additional questions beyond the scope of the project were asked. Subjects were asked related questions about other types of clothing they wore during their careers. Other areas of logging history and culture explored during interviews consisted of information about changes they observed in the technology of logging hand tools and machinery, land management and associative forest practices, and first hand experiences observing fellow workers severely injured or killed while working in the woods. With the passing of each "old-time" logger, a living connection between the present and the past, and the stories in between, are gone forever. This project helps to present a written record of some of these connections. Title: Work pants worn by loggers in Western Oregon, 1920-1970 Author: Gullickson, Mark A. With the arrival of European settlers to Western Oregon nearly 150 years ago came new methods of forest management. Early settlers' forest practices consisted of little more than harvesting what seemed an endless supply of timber. Forestry in the 20th century eventually incorporated such management concerns as re-forestation, biodiversity, wildlife sciences, recreation, and cultural resources. While forest practices in the Pacific Northwest changed dramatically during the 20th century, clothing worn by those most commonly associated with the field, the "logger," remained relatively unchanged. While much information has been published regarding the often over-romanticized life of the logger, information regarding the day to day-life and associative material culture remains almost nonexistent. As the 20th century economy in the Pacific Northwest became less dependent on the wood products industry, the culture and way of life for those whose lives centered around this once thriving industry began to disappear. My interest in this subject developed out of my personal experience working in the woods throughout the Pacific Northwest for seven years, as a forest fire fighter and park ranger for the Bureau of Land Management, and as an archaeologist for the U.S. Forest Service and Oregon State University Research Forests. In this study, I gathered collective memories from 18 individuals who logged throughout Western Oregon between 1920 and 1970. Informants were asked a series of questions pertaining to their logging careers and the clothing they wore. Often termed "old-timers," these informants served as the primary resource of information about work clothing worn by loggers in Western Oregon between 1920 and 1970. Published information describing the history of logging in the Pacific Northwest, photographs provided by informants showing them at work, the examination of catalogues from manufacturers of men's work clothing, and interviews with representatives of work clothing companies served as secondary resources. Published materials detailing work clothing worn by loggers is relatively nonexistent. Consequently, persons with first hand knowledge wearing logging work clothing are in many instances the only sources of information. Photographs furnished by subjects, showing them wearing their work clothing were collected as supportive material. While interviewing subjects for this project, additional questions beyond the scope of the project were asked. Subjects were asked related questions about other types of clothing they wore during their careers. Other areas of logging history and culture explored during interviews consisted of information about changes they observed in the technology of logging hand tools and machinery, land management and associative forest practices, and first hand experiences observing fellow workers severely injured or killed while working in the woods. With the passing of each "old-time" logger, a living connection between the present and the past, and the stories in between, are gone forever. This project helps to present a written record of some of these connections. Close

• 338. [Article] Modeling and mapping in support of the Regional conservational Strategy Framework

  Report from the Institute of Natural Resources, Portland State University

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling and mapping in support of the Regional conservational Strategy Framework Author: Dimiceli, Jennifer, Noone, Matthew, Burcsu, Theresa, Albo, Tommy, Kagan, James S., Bernert, Joe Report from the Institute of Natural Resources, Portland State University Title: Modeling and mapping in support of the Regional conservational Strategy Framework Author: Dimiceli, Jennifer, Noone, Matthew, Burcsu, Theresa, Albo, Tommy, Kagan, James S., Bernert, Joe Report from the Institute of Natural Resources, Portland State University Close

• 339. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015

  We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015 Author: Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A. We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2015 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We estimate the Snowy Plover breeding population in Oregon at 449 individuals; a minimum of 376 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 501 nests in 2015. Overall apparent nest success was 48%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown cause, unknown depredation, mammalian depredation, corvid depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, harrier depredation, infertility, overwashing, gull depredation and human caused. We monitored 271 broods, including 32 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 333 fledglings. Overall brood success was 75%, fledging success was 49%, and 1.51 fledglings per male were produced. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015 Author: Castelein, Kathleen A., Gaines, Eleanor P., Lauten, David J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A. We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2015 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We estimate the Snowy Plover breeding population in Oregon at 449 individuals; a minimum of 376 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 501 nests in 2015. Overall apparent nest success was 48%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown cause, unknown depredation, mammalian depredation, corvid depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, harrier depredation, infertility, overwashing, gull depredation and human caused. We monitored 271 broods, including 32 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 333 fledglings. Overall brood success was 75%, fledging success was 49%, and 1.51 fledglings per male were produced. Close

• 340. [Article] Historical vegetation of central southwest Oregon, based on GLO survey notes : final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District

  Final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management. Medford District, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical vegetation of central southwest Oregon, based on GLO survey notes : final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A., The Institute for Natural Resources Final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management. Medford District, Oregon Title: Historical vegetation of central southwest Oregon, based on GLO survey notes : final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management, Medford District Author: Hickman, O. Eugene, Christy, John A., The Institute for Natural Resources Final report to USDI Bureau of Land Management. Medford District, Oregon Close