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• 181. [Article] Modeling of the Peru-Chile trench from wide-angle reflection profiles

  A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling of the Peru-Chile trench from wide-angle reflection profiles Author: Goebel, Vaughn A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray tracing to produce theoretical wide-angle reflection profiles for hypothetical crustal sections, and (3) the iterative adjustment of crustal layer dip, thickness and velocity. The technique, applied to four successive wide angle reflection profiles located due west of Callao, Peru, and extending from 50 km west of to 80 km east of the axis of the Peru-Chile trench, suggests (1) that a 5 km thick oceanic crust thickens to 7 km at the trench axis, (2) that the oceanic plate underthrusts the continental plate, and (3) the existence of a previously undetected 7.8 km per sec oceanic layer. Migrated vertical reflection profiles show (1) a series of block faults across 20 km of the trench edge of the continental plate and (2) oceanic basement underthrusting 6 km of the trench edge of the continental plate. Title: Modeling of the Peru-Chile trench from wide-angle reflection profiles Author: Goebel, Vaughn A proposed modeling technique that yields a best fit to observed wide-angle reflection profiles incorporates (1) the use of migrated vertical reflection profiles to provide topographic control, (2) ray tracing to produce theoretical wide-angle reflection profiles for hypothetical crustal sections, and (3) the iterative adjustment of crustal layer dip, thickness and velocity. The technique, applied to four successive wide angle reflection profiles located due west of Callao, Peru, and extending from 50 km west of to 80 km east of the axis of the Peru-Chile trench, suggests (1) that a 5 km thick oceanic crust thickens to 7 km at the trench axis, (2) that the oceanic plate underthrusts the continental plate, and (3) the existence of a previously undetected 7.8 km per sec oceanic layer. Migrated vertical reflection profiles show (1) a series of block faults across 20 km of the trench edge of the continental plate and (2) oceanic basement underthrusting 6 km of the trench edge of the continental plate. Close

• 182. [Article] Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Author: Reeves, Gordon H., Jordan, Chris E., Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfas. Title: Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Author: Reeves, Gordon H., Jordan, Chris E., Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfas. Close

• 183. [Article] Succinic dehydrogenase activity in mesopelagic oceanic fishes

  The purposes of this investigation were to measure the relative levels of enzymatic and respiratory metabolism of some vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes collected from the ocean waters off Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Succinic dehydrogenase activity in mesopelagic oceanic fishes Author: Karinen, John Franklin The purposes of this investigation were to measure the relative levels of enzymatic and respiratory metabolism of some vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes collected from the ocean waters off Oregon and to modify and adapt an enzyme method for use as a measure of metabolic activity at sea with a minimum of equipment. A knowledge of the quantitative measure of the respiratory and metabolic rates of these organisms could be usefully applied to several problems of interest; oxygen minimum layers, vertical migration, and vertical distribution. Ten species of fishes were studied with regard to their respiratory potential as measured by succinic dehydrogenase activity. Oxygen consumption for two species was measured at various temperatures for comparative purposes. The metabolic rates calculated from the enzyme data fell within the limits of the standard metabolic rate - temperature relationships compiled from the data of several authors for fishes of the same size from various environments. The fish from the greatest depths had low metabolic rates comparable to those reported for some Antarctic and Arctic species. Metabolic rates of species of mesopelagic fish differed significantly and declined with the general depth and temperature at which the species was found. Title: Succinic dehydrogenase activity in mesopelagic oceanic fishes Author: Karinen, John Franklin The purposes of this investigation were to measure the relative levels of enzymatic and respiratory metabolism of some vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes collected from the ocean waters off Oregon and to modify and adapt an enzyme method for use as a measure of metabolic activity at sea with a minimum of equipment. A knowledge of the quantitative measure of the respiratory and metabolic rates of these organisms could be usefully applied to several problems of interest; oxygen minimum layers, vertical migration, and vertical distribution. Ten species of fishes were studied with regard to their respiratory potential as measured by succinic dehydrogenase activity. Oxygen consumption for two species was measured at various temperatures for comparative purposes. The metabolic rates calculated from the enzyme data fell within the limits of the standard metabolic rate - temperature relationships compiled from the data of several authors for fishes of the same size from various environments. The fish from the greatest depths had low metabolic rates comparable to those reported for some Antarctic and Arctic species. Metabolic rates of species of mesopelagic fish differed significantly and declined with the general depth and temperature at which the species was found. Close

• 184. [Article] Cytokinin production by species of the fungus Taphrina

  Chemically defined liquid media were devised which supported excellent growth of Taphrina cerasi and T. deformans. When grown in fermentation culture vessels, T. cerasi and T. deformans released cytokinins ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cytokinin production by species of the fungus Taphrina Author: Johnston, James Clelland Chemically defined liquid media were devised which supported excellent growth of Taphrina cerasi and T. deformans. When grown in fermentation culture vessels, T. cerasi and T. deformans released cytokinins into the liquid media. The presence of these cell division factors was demonstrated with the soybean tissue assay which is specific for the detection of cytokinins. Paper chromatography in four solvent systems revealed that T. cerasi produced compounds which have migration patterns similar to zeatin, zeatin riboside, N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenine (2iP), and N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenosine (2iPA) in each of the solvent systems. T. deformans produced a zeatin-like compound, a cytokinin with chromatographic properties similar to 2iP, and a third cytokinin whose migration pattern did not correspond to any of the common cytokinin standards. The soybean tissue assay was used to calculate the concentration of cytokinin released by the fungi into the culture media. The amount of cytokinin produced by T. cerasi was calculated to be approximately 45 μ.g KE/liter of medium, while the amount released by T. deformans was found to be about 75 μg KE/liter. Insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone was effective in the partial purification of cytokinin-like substances in extracts of the fungal liquid culture medium. Cytokinins or cytokinins in combination with auxin applied to healthy peach leaves did not mimic the disease symptoms. Attempts to induce mycelial growth of species of Taphrina were unsuccessful. Title: Cytokinin production by species of the fungus Taphrina Author: Johnston, James Clelland Chemically defined liquid media were devised which supported excellent growth of Taphrina cerasi and T. deformans. When grown in fermentation culture vessels, T. cerasi and T. deformans released cytokinins into the liquid media. The presence of these cell division factors was demonstrated with the soybean tissue assay which is specific for the detection of cytokinins. Paper chromatography in four solvent systems revealed that T. cerasi produced compounds which have migration patterns similar to zeatin, zeatin riboside, N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenine (2iP), and N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenosine (2iPA) in each of the solvent systems. T. deformans produced a zeatin-like compound, a cytokinin with chromatographic properties similar to 2iP, and a third cytokinin whose migration pattern did not correspond to any of the common cytokinin standards. The soybean tissue assay was used to calculate the concentration of cytokinin released by the fungi into the culture media. The amount of cytokinin produced by T. cerasi was calculated to be approximately 45 μ.g KE/liter of medium, while the amount released by T. deformans was found to be about 75 μg KE/liter. Insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone was effective in the partial purification of cytokinin-like substances in extracts of the fungal liquid culture medium. Cytokinins or cytokinins in combination with auxin applied to healthy peach leaves did not mimic the disease symptoms. Attempts to induce mycelial growth of species of Taphrina were unsuccessful. Close

• 185. [Article] Small-Scale Fisheries Transition to Sustainable and Responsible Fishing In India - A Micro Level Study

  Small-scale fisheries play an important role in generating employment, income and livelihood to the fisherfolk. It constitutes 81 per cent of the total fisheries sector in India. But, this sector remains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small-Scale Fisheries Transition to Sustainable and Responsible Fishing In India - A Micro Level Study Author: Kanthiah, Pazhani Small-scale fisheries play an important role in generating employment, income and livelihood to the fisherfolk. It constitutes 81 per cent of the total fisheries sector in India. But, this sector remains neglected and the fisherfolk are socially and economically backward. Even after six decades of planned development nearly 62 per cent of the fisherfolk families do not possess crafts. Resource constraints coupled with absence of fishing and other related infrastructures in most of the fishing villages compel fishermen households to migrate to earn their livelihood. Migrant fishermen formed a new village and follow simple method of fishing, which are eco-friendly, economical in the use of fuel and gears. Their responsible fishing is useful for fishing without any by-catches and wastage of marine resources. With this theoretical background, this paper is framed in such a way to analyze the factors that contribute to the transition of small-scale fisheries to sustainable and responsible fishing in Tamil Nadu, India. Factors which hamper small-scale fisheries development have been discussed. The main focus of the study is on the impact of fishermen migration on the socio-economic status of migrants and also the sustainability of fishing operations without class conflict. Policy implications emerging in the light of the findings of the study are also given briefly. Title: Small-Scale Fisheries Transition to Sustainable and Responsible Fishing In India - A Micro Level Study Author: Kanthiah, Pazhani Small-scale fisheries play an important role in generating employment, income and livelihood to the fisherfolk. It constitutes 81 per cent of the total fisheries sector in India. But, this sector remains neglected and the fisherfolk are socially and economically backward. Even after six decades of planned development nearly 62 per cent of the fisherfolk families do not possess crafts. Resource constraints coupled with absence of fishing and other related infrastructures in most of the fishing villages compel fishermen households to migrate to earn their livelihood. Migrant fishermen formed a new village and follow simple method of fishing, which are eco-friendly, economical in the use of fuel and gears. Their responsible fishing is useful for fishing without any by-catches and wastage of marine resources. With this theoretical background, this paper is framed in such a way to analyze the factors that contribute to the transition of small-scale fisheries to sustainable and responsible fishing in Tamil Nadu, India. Factors which hamper small-scale fisheries development have been discussed. The main focus of the study is on the impact of fishermen migration on the socio-economic status of migrants and also the sustainability of fishing operations without class conflict. Policy implications emerging in the light of the findings of the study are also given briefly. Close

• 186. [Article] Nature Reserves as a Bioeconomic Management Tool - a Simplified Modeling Approach

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nature Reserves as a Bioeconomic Management Tool - a Simplified Modeling Approach Author: Mjolhus, Einar, Flaaten, Ola Research Paper Title: Nature Reserves as a Bioeconomic Management Tool - a Simplified Modeling Approach Author: Mjolhus, Einar, Flaaten, Ola Research Paper Close

• 187. [Article] Applying Parallel Genetic Algorithms to Economic Problems: The Case of Agricultural Land Markets

  This paper elaborates the use of distributed Genetic Algorithms (DGA) to study an artificial land rental market. The study is based on a spatial comparative-static model in which a number of spatially ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Applying Parallel Genetic Algorithms to Economic Problems: The Case of Agricultural Land Markets Author: Balmann, Alfons, Happe, Kathrin Year: 2001 This paper elaborates the use of distributed Genetic Algorithms (DGA) to study an artificial land rental market. The study is based on a spatial comparative-static model in which a number of spatially ordered agents (farms) compete in an auction for renting land. Each agent’s behavior is determined by a genetic algorithm that is applied to an agent specific population of genomes representing particular bidding strategies. Agents interact directly through a migration mechanism that allows to spread renting strategies across the population of agents as well as indirectly over the rental market. Two market constellations are considered and different simulations with a variety of parameter constellations (migration rate, placement of farms, etc.) are run: First, a situation of limited market access is defined. A series of simulation experiments shows that for this scenario the DGA generates results that fit comparative static equilibrium conditions like allocative efficiency and zero-profits. Second, in a limited market access scenario, only under very special conditions the DGA generates results that comply with oligopolistic behavior. The results of the two scenarios are analyzed and discussed as to the influence of the DGA procedure itself and a possible economic and game theoretic interpretation. Title: Applying Parallel Genetic Algorithms to Economic Problems: The Case of Agricultural Land Markets Author: Balmann, Alfons, Happe, Kathrin Year: 2001 This paper elaborates the use of distributed Genetic Algorithms (DGA) to study an artificial land rental market. The study is based on a spatial comparative-static model in which a number of spatially ordered agents (farms) compete in an auction for renting land. Each agent’s behavior is determined by a genetic algorithm that is applied to an agent specific population of genomes representing particular bidding strategies. Agents interact directly through a migration mechanism that allows to spread renting strategies across the population of agents as well as indirectly over the rental market. Two market constellations are considered and different simulations with a variety of parameter constellations (migration rate, placement of farms, etc.) are run: First, a situation of limited market access is defined. A series of simulation experiments shows that for this scenario the DGA generates results that fit comparative static equilibrium conditions like allocative efficiency and zero-profits. Second, in a limited market access scenario, only under very special conditions the DGA generates results that comply with oligopolistic behavior. The results of the two scenarios are analyzed and discussed as to the influence of the DGA procedure itself and a possible economic and game theoretic interpretation. Close

• 188. [Article] Analysis of challenges and opportunities for migrating ScholarsArchive@OSU to a new technical platform: requirements analysis, environmental scan, and recommended next steps

  ScholarsArchive@OSU (SA@OSU) has stood as Oregon State University’s institutional repository for nearly a decade, and has seen a great deal of success, by many metrics, as such. Over that time period, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of challenges and opportunities for migrating ScholarsArchive@OSU to a new technical platform: requirements analysis, environmental scan, and recommended next steps Author: Boock, Michael, Zhang, Hui, Van Tuyl, Steven ScholarsArchive@OSU (SA@OSU) has stood as Oregon State University’s institutional repository for nearly a decade, and has seen a great deal of success, by many metrics, as such. Over that time period, the mission, content types, and stakeholders of the repository have changed, as has the ecosystem of available and emerging repository platforms. These changes have sparked interest in OSU Libraries & Press in assessing the technical infrastructures for SA@OSU to determine whether migration to a new system could benefit all of our stakeholders. This document presents the results of an investigation conducted by Center for Digital Scholarship and Services faculty and staff between September 2014 and January 2015 into the requirements of our stakeholders and the suite of practically implementable repository platforms for SA@OSU. We provide an assessment of a number of platforms in the context of our requirements analysis and make recommendations for next steps Title: Analysis of challenges and opportunities for migrating ScholarsArchive@OSU to a new technical platform: requirements analysis, environmental scan, and recommended next steps Author: Boock, Michael, Zhang, Hui, Van Tuyl, Steven ScholarsArchive@OSU (SA@OSU) has stood as Oregon State University’s institutional repository for nearly a decade, and has seen a great deal of success, by many metrics, as such. Over that time period, the mission, content types, and stakeholders of the repository have changed, as has the ecosystem of available and emerging repository platforms. These changes have sparked interest in OSU Libraries & Press in assessing the technical infrastructures for SA@OSU to determine whether migration to a new system could benefit all of our stakeholders. This document presents the results of an investigation conducted by Center for Digital Scholarship and Services faculty and staff between September 2014 and January 2015 into the requirements of our stakeholders and the suite of practically implementable repository platforms for SA@OSU. We provide an assessment of a number of platforms in the context of our requirements analysis and make recommendations for next steps Close

• 189. [Article] Silenced voices : maids in Singapore

  This paper is a compilation of micro and macro consequences of women migrating into Singapore to work as domestic workers. Singapore's governmental push for Singaporean women to have babies and a career ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Silenced voices : maids in Singapore Author: Gaulocher, Suzanne M. This paper is a compilation of micro and macro consequences of women migrating into Singapore to work as domestic workers. Singapore's governmental push for Singaporean women to have babies and a career simultaneously has required modern families to seek alternative forms of child care as a means of fulfilling household duties. Female domestic workers come to Singapore to fill this role, but many face multiple levels of discrimination and hardship during their stay in Singapore; their low social status makes exploitation possible. In this thesis, I layout the current dichotomies between career and family facing modern career women in Singapore and how this affects the in-migration of domestic workers from Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Migrant women working as maids face discrimination and hardships on many levels. Using open-ended, unstructured interviews my fieldwork reveals individual perspectives of domestic work in Singapore. I present recommendations geared toward non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Singapore to combat inequality between employers and women working as domestic workers. I recommend short and long term changes that may enable domestic workers to live a more autonomous life during their stay in Singapore and afterwards. Title: Silenced voices : maids in Singapore Author: Gaulocher, Suzanne M. This paper is a compilation of micro and macro consequences of women migrating into Singapore to work as domestic workers. Singapore's governmental push for Singaporean women to have babies and a career simultaneously has required modern families to seek alternative forms of child care as a means of fulfilling household duties. Female domestic workers come to Singapore to fill this role, but many face multiple levels of discrimination and hardship during their stay in Singapore; their low social status makes exploitation possible. In this thesis, I layout the current dichotomies between career and family facing modern career women in Singapore and how this affects the in-migration of domestic workers from Indonesia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Migrant women working as maids face discrimination and hardships on many levels. Using open-ended, unstructured interviews my fieldwork reveals individual perspectives of domestic work in Singapore. I present recommendations geared toward non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Singapore to combat inequality between employers and women working as domestic workers. I recommend short and long term changes that may enable domestic workers to live a more autonomous life during their stay in Singapore and afterwards. Close

• 190. [Article] Metabolism of L-α-arginine in the biosynthesis of blasticidin S

  Two labelled arginines, DL-[2,3,3,-²H₃]arginine, 8, and DL-[ ¹³C, 2-¹⁵N]arginine, 9, were synthesized. These were fed to cultures of Streptomyces griseochromogenes in order to probe the mechanism of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Metabolism of L-α-arginine in the biosynthesis of blasticidin S Author: Woo, Nam-tae Two labelled arginines, DL-[2,3,3,-²H₃]arginine, 8, and DL-[ ¹³C, 2-¹⁵N]arginine, 9, were synthesized. These were fed to cultures of Streptomyces griseochromogenes in order to probe the mechanism of the apparent arginine-2,3- aminomutase reaction occurring in biosynthesis of blasticidin S, 1. In previous studies of the enzymes lysine-2,3- aminomutase and tyrosine-2,3-aminomutase different mechanisms were demonstrated for each reaction. Our experiments were designed to reveal whether the mechanism of the arginine rearrangement is similar to either one of these or whether it is different from both. Blasticidin S obtained from each feeding was analyzed by high field NMR spectroscopy. We have found that an intramolecular migration of nitrogen from C-2 of α-arginine to C-3 of β- arginine takes place. In addition, our results indicate that when 8 was fed, at least some hydrogen migration from C-3 of α-arginine to C-2 of β-arginine had occurred. These results are qualitatively similar to those previously obtained for the lysine-2,3-aminomutase reaction. Title: Metabolism of L-α-arginine in the biosynthesis of blasticidin S Author: Woo, Nam-tae Two labelled arginines, DL-[2,3,3,-²H₃]arginine, 8, and DL-[ ¹³C, 2-¹⁵N]arginine, 9, were synthesized. These were fed to cultures of Streptomyces griseochromogenes in order to probe the mechanism of the apparent arginine-2,3- aminomutase reaction occurring in biosynthesis of blasticidin S, 1. In previous studies of the enzymes lysine-2,3- aminomutase and tyrosine-2,3-aminomutase different mechanisms were demonstrated for each reaction. Our experiments were designed to reveal whether the mechanism of the arginine rearrangement is similar to either one of these or whether it is different from both. Blasticidin S obtained from each feeding was analyzed by high field NMR spectroscopy. We have found that an intramolecular migration of nitrogen from C-2 of α-arginine to C-3 of β- arginine takes place. In addition, our results indicate that when 8 was fed, at least some hydrogen migration from C-3 of α-arginine to C-2 of β-arginine had occurred. These results are qualitatively similar to those previously obtained for the lysine-2,3-aminomutase reaction. Close