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• 1661. [Article] Kinship, environment and the Forest Service : homesteading in Oregon's Coast Range

  The settlement history of a remote area in the Coast Range of Oregon, from the 1870s to the 1930s, is examined through factors that may have influenced the success or failure, and length of residence of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kinship, environment and the Forest Service : homesteading in Oregon's Coast Range Author: Prior, Jan M. The settlement history of a remote area in the Coast Range of Oregon, from the 1870s to the 1930s, is examined through factors that may have influenced the success or failure, and length of residence of the homesteaders and later residents. Despite the rugged and isolated location, a small community of scattered settlers managed to build comfortable homes, cultivate gardens, orchards and grain fields, and raise goats and other livestock. Yet, while a few were able to make a marginal living in this mountainous area, many more were unsuccessful. The successful homesteaders often had to fmd outside employment and they relied on game, fish and some wild plants for diet staples. Most of the homesteads changed hands frequently and eventually, in the 1930s, all but a very few sold their land back to the government. Environmental changes, including at least one pre-settlement forest fire, kinship ties, and changing federal homestead laws clearly influenced settlement of the study area. These influences are revealed through an extensive investigation of historic, archival and genealogical records, and interviews with former residents. Within the Siuslaw National Forest, the changing homestead laws, the Forest Homestead Act of 1906 in particular, greatly affected the ability to acquire a homestead and limited the homestead acreage available. Personal and settlement data on all 89 homestead claimants, whether successful or not, and 35 timber patentees, in Township 12 South, Range 9 West, Willamette Meridian, is gathered into a database and analyzed. The settlement history of a related group of settlers is explored in detail to reveal how kinship ties and other factors influenced the family's migration to and from the study area. Finally, a more in-depth investigation of two of the homesteads provides insight into how these people lived, the architecture of the buildings and their physical arrangement on the landscape, what kinship ties they had and how those ties may have influenced their settlement success. The written and oral records proved to be valuable sources of unique information, but they also had limitations. Archaeological and other physical data, which was only minimally investigated, may provide additional information on the homesteads. The significance of these historic homesteads can only be determined after more similar homestead studies are completed. Only then can a contextual analysis of these homesteads within a broader group be accomplished. Title: Kinship, environment and the Forest Service : homesteading in Oregon's Coast Range Author: Prior, Jan M. The settlement history of a remote area in the Coast Range of Oregon, from the 1870s to the 1930s, is examined through factors that may have influenced the success or failure, and length of residence of the homesteaders and later residents. Despite the rugged and isolated location, a small community of scattered settlers managed to build comfortable homes, cultivate gardens, orchards and grain fields, and raise goats and other livestock. Yet, while a few were able to make a marginal living in this mountainous area, many more were unsuccessful. The successful homesteaders often had to fmd outside employment and they relied on game, fish and some wild plants for diet staples. Most of the homesteads changed hands frequently and eventually, in the 1930s, all but a very few sold their land back to the government. Environmental changes, including at least one pre-settlement forest fire, kinship ties, and changing federal homestead laws clearly influenced settlement of the study area. These influences are revealed through an extensive investigation of historic, archival and genealogical records, and interviews with former residents. Within the Siuslaw National Forest, the changing homestead laws, the Forest Homestead Act of 1906 in particular, greatly affected the ability to acquire a homestead and limited the homestead acreage available. Personal and settlement data on all 89 homestead claimants, whether successful or not, and 35 timber patentees, in Township 12 South, Range 9 West, Willamette Meridian, is gathered into a database and analyzed. The settlement history of a related group of settlers is explored in detail to reveal how kinship ties and other factors influenced the family's migration to and from the study area. Finally, a more in-depth investigation of two of the homesteads provides insight into how these people lived, the architecture of the buildings and their physical arrangement on the landscape, what kinship ties they had and how those ties may have influenced their settlement success. The written and oral records proved to be valuable sources of unique information, but they also had limitations. Archaeological and other physical data, which was only minimally investigated, may provide additional information on the homesteads. The significance of these historic homesteads can only be determined after more similar homestead studies are completed. Only then can a contextual analysis of these homesteads within a broader group be accomplished. Close

• 1662. [Article] Habitat associations and determinants of refuge use in post-settlement lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus)

  Lingcod are an overexploited fish species in the Pacific Northwest and although there has been extensive study of the habitat requirements of adults, particularly during spawning, relatively little is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat associations and determinants of refuge use in post-settlement lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) Author: Petrie, Megan E. Lingcod are an overexploited fish species in the Pacific Northwest and although there has been extensive study of the habitat requirements of adults, particularly during spawning, relatively little is known regarding the habitat requirements of post-settlement juveniles. Many juvenile fish use structural components of habitat to alleviate the risk of predation, as well as for foraging. Laboratory experiments and a field tagging study were performed in order to investigate habitat preference in juvenile lingcod, as well as factors that govern habitat use. Initial laboratory experiments demonstrated an affinity by juvenile lingcod for structure over bare sand habitats, whether the structure was rock, shell or seagrass. Body size, nutritional state, and light level were also found to be determinants of the extent to which juvenile lingcod use structural refuges. In the laboratory, older, larger individuals exhibited a higher propensity for structure use than did smaller juvenile fish. In fish of both body sizes, increasing hunger levels caused fish to emerge more readily from refuges than did those that were satiated. Die! patterns of ambient illumination were simulated in the laboratory, and refuge use decreased significantly in response to lower nocturnal light levels, a pattern that was not observed in the smaller size class. An acoustic tagging study conducted in Yaquina Bay, Oregon corroborated the basic habitat preferences seen in laboratory experiments. Juvenile lingcod showed a high degree of site fidelity, remaining in discreet areas of significant structural complexity, as revealed by underwater video of benthic habitat. The way in which an animal utilizes structural refuges adds or detracts from individual fitness, making this investigation into the habitat requirements of post-settlement lingcod an important step in understanding the life history and ecology of an important recreational and commercial species. Title: Habitat associations and determinants of refuge use in post-settlement lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) Author: Petrie, Megan E. Lingcod are an overexploited fish species in the Pacific Northwest and although there has been extensive study of the habitat requirements of adults, particularly during spawning, relatively little is known regarding the habitat requirements of post-settlement juveniles. Many juvenile fish use structural components of habitat to alleviate the risk of predation, as well as for foraging. Laboratory experiments and a field tagging study were performed in order to investigate habitat preference in juvenile lingcod, as well as factors that govern habitat use. Initial laboratory experiments demonstrated an affinity by juvenile lingcod for structure over bare sand habitats, whether the structure was rock, shell or seagrass. Body size, nutritional state, and light level were also found to be determinants of the extent to which juvenile lingcod use structural refuges. In the laboratory, older, larger individuals exhibited a higher propensity for structure use than did smaller juvenile fish. In fish of both body sizes, increasing hunger levels caused fish to emerge more readily from refuges than did those that were satiated. Die! patterns of ambient illumination were simulated in the laboratory, and refuge use decreased significantly in response to lower nocturnal light levels, a pattern that was not observed in the smaller size class. An acoustic tagging study conducted in Yaquina Bay, Oregon corroborated the basic habitat preferences seen in laboratory experiments. Juvenile lingcod showed a high degree of site fidelity, remaining in discreet areas of significant structural complexity, as revealed by underwater video of benthic habitat. The way in which an animal utilizes structural refuges adds or detracts from individual fitness, making this investigation into the habitat requirements of post-settlement lingcod an important step in understanding the life history and ecology of an important recreational and commercial species. Close

• 1663. [Article] Inactivation of bacterial pathogens in drinking water

  Wine is known to have been enjoyed since ancient times. Although early civilizations where unaware of scientific mechanisms of the properties of wine, empirical methods allowed them knowledge of its intoxicating ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Inactivation of bacterial pathogens in drinking water Author: Hartlerode, Evelyn R. Wine is known to have been enjoyed since ancient times. Although early civilizations where unaware of scientific mechanisms of the properties of wine, empirical methods allowed them knowledge of its intoxicating effects as well as its healthful properties. These properties lead the ancients to use wine for many purposes including its use in medicine. It has been proposed that civilizations in antiquity such as the Romans and Greeks may have used wine as a means to sanitize their drinking water and avoid sickness due to pathogenic organisms. Wine has been shown to have unique antimicrobial properties that may support these claims. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of wines at diluted levels to inhibit pathogens in drinking water and to and to analyze the sensory properties of hypothesized dilutions. Initial experiments focused on the inhibitory effects of wine at varying dilutions. Three pathogenic strains were used to determine the efficacy of wine as a sanitizing aide; two strains of Escherichia coli and one strain of Salmonella poona. Two Chardonnay wines produced at Oregon State University were used for the microbial study. One Chardonnay was produced with added sulfites while the other had no added sulfites. It was determined that wines at low concentrations in water have an inhibitory effect against the microorganism tested. The second objective of this study was to investigate the sensory properties of wine diluted with water. Two sensory studies were carried out using consumer panels. We first analyzed the ability to detect wine in water at low concentrations. Secondly we sought to determine whether different dilutions of wine and water were considered by the consumer to be refreshing. The study determined that wine mixed into water is easily detected at low concentrations. Through preference testing it was further determined that a low concentration of wine mixed with water was statistically more refreshing than water alone. Title: Inactivation of bacterial pathogens in drinking water Author: Hartlerode, Evelyn R. Wine is known to have been enjoyed since ancient times. Although early civilizations where unaware of scientific mechanisms of the properties of wine, empirical methods allowed them knowledge of its intoxicating effects as well as its healthful properties. These properties lead the ancients to use wine for many purposes including its use in medicine. It has been proposed that civilizations in antiquity such as the Romans and Greeks may have used wine as a means to sanitize their drinking water and avoid sickness due to pathogenic organisms. Wine has been shown to have unique antimicrobial properties that may support these claims. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of wines at diluted levels to inhibit pathogens in drinking water and to and to analyze the sensory properties of hypothesized dilutions. Initial experiments focused on the inhibitory effects of wine at varying dilutions. Three pathogenic strains were used to determine the efficacy of wine as a sanitizing aide; two strains of Escherichia coli and one strain of Salmonella poona. Two Chardonnay wines produced at Oregon State University were used for the microbial study. One Chardonnay was produced with added sulfites while the other had no added sulfites. It was determined that wines at low concentrations in water have an inhibitory effect against the microorganism tested. The second objective of this study was to investigate the sensory properties of wine diluted with water. Two sensory studies were carried out using consumer panels. We first analyzed the ability to detect wine in water at low concentrations. Secondly we sought to determine whether different dilutions of wine and water were considered by the consumer to be refreshing. The study determined that wine mixed into water is easily detected at low concentrations. Through preference testing it was further determined that a low concentration of wine mixed with water was statistically more refreshing than water alone. Close

• 1664. [Article] Classifying and cataloguing system and procedure for costume, textile, and slide collections

  The purpose of the study was to develop a system and procedure for classifying and cataloguing the textile, costume, and slide collections of the Clothing, Textile, and Related Arts (CTRA) Department at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Classifying and cataloguing system and procedure for costume, textile, and slide collections Author: Deforge, Rose Diane The purpose of the study was to develop a system and procedure for classifying and cataloguing the textile, costume, and slide collections of the Clothing, Textile, and Related Arts (CTRA) Department at Oregon State University. Investigation was made by letter, personal visit, interview with faculty and curators, and literature research to identify different purpose and use statements classifying and cataloguing systems, catalogue files, and criteria for evaluating the system and procedure. The investigation resulted in the development of a purpose and use statement based on the collection characteristics and user needs; identification of user needs; criteria for evaluating the proposed system and procedure; and the recommended system and procedure. Robert Chenhall developed a system for cataloguing in the computer age. The system contains 91 data fields and can be established as a manual or computerized file. The Chenhall system was adapted for CTRA using 39 of the 91 data fields. Eleven of the data fields were subdivided to meet the expressed needs of the users. Data field definitions and instructions were developed and arranged into a Classifying and Cataloguing Manual. The Manual procedure was tested and revised to meet the established criteria. Sample word lists were developed and reference resources were recommended to maintain vocabulary control. Basic rules were established to provide the cataloguer with a basis for consistency in recording information and use of the system. Procedures were developed and included in the Manual for completing the cataloguing process including instructions for the ledger page, catalogue worksheet, donated objects, label preparation, establishing data files such as Documentation File and History of Ownership, and establishing catalogue card files such as Subject-Index File, Registration-Accession File, and Appraisal File. A recommended test and evaluation of the proposed Subject- Index File was established to determine ease of use after the file is implemented. The CTRA department head will review the test and evaluation results to determine if any further changes are needed to improve ease of use of the Subject-Index File for information retrieval. Title: Classifying and cataloguing system and procedure for costume, textile, and slide collections Author: Deforge, Rose Diane The purpose of the study was to develop a system and procedure for classifying and cataloguing the textile, costume, and slide collections of the Clothing, Textile, and Related Arts (CTRA) Department at Oregon State University. Investigation was made by letter, personal visit, interview with faculty and curators, and literature research to identify different purpose and use statements classifying and cataloguing systems, catalogue files, and criteria for evaluating the system and procedure. The investigation resulted in the development of a purpose and use statement based on the collection characteristics and user needs; identification of user needs; criteria for evaluating the proposed system and procedure; and the recommended system and procedure. Robert Chenhall developed a system for cataloguing in the computer age. The system contains 91 data fields and can be established as a manual or computerized file. The Chenhall system was adapted for CTRA using 39 of the 91 data fields. Eleven of the data fields were subdivided to meet the expressed needs of the users. Data field definitions and instructions were developed and arranged into a Classifying and Cataloguing Manual. The Manual procedure was tested and revised to meet the established criteria. Sample word lists were developed and reference resources were recommended to maintain vocabulary control. Basic rules were established to provide the cataloguer with a basis for consistency in recording information and use of the system. Procedures were developed and included in the Manual for completing the cataloguing process including instructions for the ledger page, catalogue worksheet, donated objects, label preparation, establishing data files such as Documentation File and History of Ownership, and establishing catalogue card files such as Subject-Index File, Registration-Accession File, and Appraisal File. A recommended test and evaluation of the proposed Subject- Index File was established to determine ease of use after the file is implemented. The CTRA department head will review the test and evaluation results to determine if any further changes are needed to improve ease of use of the Subject-Index File for information retrieval. Close

• 1665. [Article] Fire history, fire regimes, and development of forest structure in the central western Oregon Cascades

  Fire history and fire regimes were reconstructed for a 450 km² area in the central western Oregon Cascades, using tree-ring analysis of fire scars and tree origin years at 137 sampled clearcuts. I described ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fire history, fire regimes, and development of forest structure in the central western Oregon Cascades Author: Weisberg, Peter J. Fire history and fire regimes were reconstructed for a 450 km² area in the central western Oregon Cascades, using tree-ring analysis of fire scars and tree origin years at 137 sampled clearcuts. I described temporal patterns of fire frequency, severity, and size, and interpreted topographic influences on fire frequency and severity. I then evaluated the influences of fire history and topography on the development of forest structure. Ninety-four fire episodes were reconstructed for the 521-year period from 1475 to 1996. The average mean fire interval, Weibull median probability interval, and maximum fire interval of 4-ha sites were 97 years, 73 years, and 179 years, respectively. Fire regime has changed over time as a result of climate change, changing anthropogenic influences, and patterns of fuel accumulation related to stand development. Fire frequency and severity patterns were weakly but significantly associated with spatial variation in hillslope position, slope aspect, slope steepness, and elevation. Fire frequency was lower for higher elevations, lower slope positions, and more mesic slope aspects. Fire severity was lower for higher elevations, lower slope positions, more north-facing slopes, and more gradual slopes. Three fire regime classes were defined and mapped. Forest stand structures were strongly associated with stand age, fire history and topography. The number of years since the last high-severity fire was an important predictor for nearly all measured aspects of stand structure. Low-severity fires were important for creating variability in tree diameter sizes, reducing tree density and allowing more rapid diameter growth, and creating stand structures with many large snags and few overstory shade-tolerant trees. However, stands of the same age, and of the same general fire history, often had different structures. Much of this variation was explained by differences in topography. The strongly positive influence of wet aspects and high elevations on the relative dominance of shade-tolerant tree species has been important for shaping the structure of forest stands. Development of old-growth stand attributes (i.e., high stand basal area, maximum tree diameter, variability of tree diameters, and density of large Douglas-fir trees) appears to have been slowest on steeper slopes, wetter aspects, and higher elevations. Title: Fire history, fire regimes, and development of forest structure in the central western Oregon Cascades Author: Weisberg, Peter J. Fire history and fire regimes were reconstructed for a 450 km² area in the central western Oregon Cascades, using tree-ring analysis of fire scars and tree origin years at 137 sampled clearcuts. I described temporal patterns of fire frequency, severity, and size, and interpreted topographic influences on fire frequency and severity. I then evaluated the influences of fire history and topography on the development of forest structure. Ninety-four fire episodes were reconstructed for the 521-year period from 1475 to 1996. The average mean fire interval, Weibull median probability interval, and maximum fire interval of 4-ha sites were 97 years, 73 years, and 179 years, respectively. Fire regime has changed over time as a result of climate change, changing anthropogenic influences, and patterns of fuel accumulation related to stand development. Fire frequency and severity patterns were weakly but significantly associated with spatial variation in hillslope position, slope aspect, slope steepness, and elevation. Fire frequency was lower for higher elevations, lower slope positions, and more mesic slope aspects. Fire severity was lower for higher elevations, lower slope positions, more north-facing slopes, and more gradual slopes. Three fire regime classes were defined and mapped. Forest stand structures were strongly associated with stand age, fire history and topography. The number of years since the last high-severity fire was an important predictor for nearly all measured aspects of stand structure. Low-severity fires were important for creating variability in tree diameter sizes, reducing tree density and allowing more rapid diameter growth, and creating stand structures with many large snags and few overstory shade-tolerant trees. However, stands of the same age, and of the same general fire history, often had different structures. Much of this variation was explained by differences in topography. The strongly positive influence of wet aspects and high elevations on the relative dominance of shade-tolerant tree species has been important for shaping the structure of forest stands. Development of old-growth stand attributes (i.e., high stand basal area, maximum tree diameter, variability of tree diameters, and density of large Douglas-fir trees) appears to have been slowest on steeper slopes, wetter aspects, and higher elevations. Close

• 1666. [Article] Contrasting demographic history and gene flow patterns of two mangrove species on either side of the Central American Isthmus

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/jo...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contrasting demographic history and gene flow patterns of two mangrove species on either side of the Central American Isthmus Author: Cerón‐Souza, Ivania, Schwarzbach, Andrea E., Gonzalez, Elena G. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Title: Contrasting demographic history and gene flow patterns of two mangrove species on either side of the Central American Isthmus Author: Cerón‐Souza, Ivania, Schwarzbach, Andrea E., Gonzalez, Elena G. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Close

• 1667. [Article] Life history variation and movement among three populations of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the middle Deschutes Basin, Oregon

  Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) are found over a wide range of environmental conditions and are known for their variability in life history traits among watersheds or even within streams. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Life history variation and movement among three populations of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the middle Deschutes Basin, Oregon Author: Groves, Kristy L. Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) are found over a wide range of environmental conditions and are known for their variability in life history traits among watersheds or even within streams. Life history traits and population structure of these trout can be influenced by a variety of anthropogenic changes including habitat degradation and habitat fragmentation. In 1964, the construction of Round Butte Dam created a large reservoir (Lake Billy Chinook) at the junctions of the Crooked, Deschutes, and Metolius Rivers. It is unknown what effect the creation of Lake Billy Chinook had on the native population structure of redband trout in this area because no baseline data were collected before the construction of the dam. The fate of a population of summer run of steelhead trapped above the dam also remains unknown. This study focused on determining if Lake Billy Chinook presented a barrier to interactions among populations in the middle Deschutes, lower Metolius, and lower Crooked Rivers by examining movement of tagged redband trout within the system. The sub-populations of trout from the three major tributaries of Lake Billy Chinook were also examined to determine if they could be separated and identified based on biological characters including life history characters, morphometric characters, and parasite faunal assemblages. The large number of redband trout observed moving into arms other than where they were originally tagged suggests that the reservoir does not act as a barrier to ecological interactions among the sub-populations of redband trout in this system. Despite some mixing observed among locations, three sub-populations of redband trout were identified in this system. Redband trout captured in the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers were similar in morphology and in all life history characters examined. However, these populations could be separated based on parasite assemblages, indicating some ecological separation. Redband trout captured upstream in the Metolius River were morphologically unique from other populations and can be identified most readily using simple morphological measurements. Some differences in morphology, growth, movement patterns, fecundity and disease and parasites suggest the possible continued existence of a native, landlocked population of steelhead above Round Butte Dam. Title: Life history variation and movement among three populations of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the middle Deschutes Basin, Oregon Author: Groves, Kristy L. Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) are found over a wide range of environmental conditions and are known for their variability in life history traits among watersheds or even within streams. Life history traits and population structure of these trout can be influenced by a variety of anthropogenic changes including habitat degradation and habitat fragmentation. In 1964, the construction of Round Butte Dam created a large reservoir (Lake Billy Chinook) at the junctions of the Crooked, Deschutes, and Metolius Rivers. It is unknown what effect the creation of Lake Billy Chinook had on the native population structure of redband trout in this area because no baseline data were collected before the construction of the dam. The fate of a population of summer run of steelhead trapped above the dam also remains unknown. This study focused on determining if Lake Billy Chinook presented a barrier to interactions among populations in the middle Deschutes, lower Metolius, and lower Crooked Rivers by examining movement of tagged redband trout within the system. The sub-populations of trout from the three major tributaries of Lake Billy Chinook were also examined to determine if they could be separated and identified based on biological characters including life history characters, morphometric characters, and parasite faunal assemblages. The large number of redband trout observed moving into arms other than where they were originally tagged suggests that the reservoir does not act as a barrier to ecological interactions among the sub-populations of redband trout in this system. Despite some mixing observed among locations, three sub-populations of redband trout were identified in this system. Redband trout captured in the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers were similar in morphology and in all life history characters examined. However, these populations could be separated based on parasite assemblages, indicating some ecological separation. Redband trout captured upstream in the Metolius River were morphologically unique from other populations and can be identified most readily using simple morphological measurements. Some differences in morphology, growth, movement patterns, fecundity and disease and parasites suggest the possible continued existence of a native, landlocked population of steelhead above Round Butte Dam. Close

• 1668. [Article] The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of canine allergic and bacterial dermatitis

  The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis and various canine allergic dermatitidies including allergic inhalant dermatitis, contact dermatitis and flea allergy dermatitis were studied. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of canine allergic and bacterial dermatitis Author: Nesbitt, Gene H. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis and various canine allergic dermatitidies including allergic inhalant dermatitis, contact dermatitis and flea allergy dermatitis were studied. The effect of specific nonprotein and protein components of commercial flea antigens on the gross and microscopic appearance of intradermal injections was investigated. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens and flea antigen was performed on a limited number of blood samples. The predominant bacteria isolated from primary or secondary bacterial dermatitis is Staphylococcus auerus (coagulase positive). The history and lesions associated with bacterial dermatitis are quite variable, depending upon the presence of concurrent problems and the nature of the infection such as superficial or deep. Histopathological changes are not pathognomonic for bacterial dermatitis, but are generally characteristic. Diagnosis is confirmed by bacterial isolation from lesions. Treatment includes long term bactericidal antibiotic therapy based upon in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing, autogenous bacterins and treatment of concurrent problems. Allergic inhalant dermatitis is characterized by intermittent or continuous pruritus accompanied by primary or secondary lesions in a young dog, usually one to three years of age. There tends to be a familial history of allergic dermatitis. The distribution of lesions is usually more generalized than other allergic etiologies. Diagnosis is based on history and intradermal skin tests. The predominant allergens identified with intradermal skin testing in the Pacific Northwest include molds, weeds, trees, grass and house dust. In 80 percent good or fair response to treatment by hyposensitization and in some cases minimal maintenance dosages of corticosteroids is expected. Approximately 20 percent of the cases require higher levels of corticosteroids to control allergic symptoms with or without concurrent hyposensitization. Canine contact dermatitis is characterized by a predominantly ventral dermatitis accompanied by pruritus. Approximately 50 percent of the dogs manifest contact allergies by one year of age, while 25 percent are four years or older. Usually both primary and secondary lesions are present. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance, isolation from suspected contactant and then provacative exposure to the same contactant. Histopathologic characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis are not specific, but can be helpful in broadly categorizing dermatoses providing direction from further study and treatment. Treatment includes avoidance of contact exposure or corticosteroid administration. A high incidence of flea allergy dermatitis is commonly found in dogs with a low grade 'flea infestation. Clinical signs include intense pruritus involving the posterior of the body, especially the dorsal back and abdomen. Both primary and secondary lesions are often present. Diagnosis is usually based on history, distribution of lesions and response to treatment. Intradermal skin tests using flea antigen may help in confirming the presence of a flea hypersensitivity, but are not adequate for making a definitive diagnosis in many cases. The wheal induced by the flea antigen is mainly due to edema without a remarkable inflammatory response. There is no correlation between gross wheal formation and microscopic changes, particularly in the degree of upper dermal edema. Treatment includes control of fleas in the environment by fumigation, continuous flea control on all of the animals in the household and hyposensitization with flea antigen. The uptake of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemmaglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides and diluted flea antigen was evaluated on a limited number of blood samples. A wide variation between replicate samples precluded establishment of definite conclusions. Title: The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of canine allergic and bacterial dermatitis Author: Nesbitt, Gene H. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis and various canine allergic dermatitidies including allergic inhalant dermatitis, contact dermatitis and flea allergy dermatitis were studied. The effect of specific nonprotein and protein components of commercial flea antigens on the gross and microscopic appearance of intradermal injections was investigated. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens and flea antigen was performed on a limited number of blood samples. The predominant bacteria isolated from primary or secondary bacterial dermatitis is Staphylococcus auerus (coagulase positive). The history and lesions associated with bacterial dermatitis are quite variable, depending upon the presence of concurrent problems and the nature of the infection such as superficial or deep. Histopathological changes are not pathognomonic for bacterial dermatitis, but are generally characteristic. Diagnosis is confirmed by bacterial isolation from lesions. Treatment includes long term bactericidal antibiotic therapy based upon in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing, autogenous bacterins and treatment of concurrent problems. Allergic inhalant dermatitis is characterized by intermittent or continuous pruritus accompanied by primary or secondary lesions in a young dog, usually one to three years of age. There tends to be a familial history of allergic dermatitis. The distribution of lesions is usually more generalized than other allergic etiologies. Diagnosis is based on history and intradermal skin tests. The predominant allergens identified with intradermal skin testing in the Pacific Northwest include molds, weeds, trees, grass and house dust. In 80 percent good or fair response to treatment by hyposensitization and in some cases minimal maintenance dosages of corticosteroids is expected. Approximately 20 percent of the cases require higher levels of corticosteroids to control allergic symptoms with or without concurrent hyposensitization. Canine contact dermatitis is characterized by a predominantly ventral dermatitis accompanied by pruritus. Approximately 50 percent of the dogs manifest contact allergies by one year of age, while 25 percent are four years or older. Usually both primary and secondary lesions are present. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance, isolation from suspected contactant and then provacative exposure to the same contactant. Histopathologic characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis are not specific, but can be helpful in broadly categorizing dermatoses providing direction from further study and treatment. Treatment includes avoidance of contact exposure or corticosteroid administration. A high incidence of flea allergy dermatitis is commonly found in dogs with a low grade 'flea infestation. Clinical signs include intense pruritus involving the posterior of the body, especially the dorsal back and abdomen. Both primary and secondary lesions are often present. Diagnosis is usually based on history, distribution of lesions and response to treatment. Intradermal skin tests using flea antigen may help in confirming the presence of a flea hypersensitivity, but are not adequate for making a definitive diagnosis in many cases. The wheal induced by the flea antigen is mainly due to edema without a remarkable inflammatory response. There is no correlation between gross wheal formation and microscopic changes, particularly in the degree of upper dermal edema. Treatment includes control of fleas in the environment by fumigation, continuous flea control on all of the animals in the household and hyposensitization with flea antigen. The uptake of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemmaglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides and diluted flea antigen was evaluated on a limited number of blood samples. A wide variation between replicate samples precluded establishment of definite conclusions. Close

• 1669. [Article] Estimating the Counterfactual Impact of Conservation Programs on Land Cover Outcomes: The Role of Matching and Panel Regression Techniques

  Data Availability Statement: Data have been shared using Figshare: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1572155

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating the Counterfactual Impact of Conservation Programs on Land Cover Outcomes: The Role of Matching and Panel Regression Techniques Author: Jones, Kelly W., Lewis, David J. Data Availability Statement: Data have been shared using Figshare: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1572155 Title: Estimating the Counterfactual Impact of Conservation Programs on Land Cover Outcomes: The Role of Matching and Panel Regression Techniques Author: Jones, Kelly W., Lewis, David J. Data Availability Statement: Data have been shared using Figshare: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1572155 Close

• 1670. [Article] Estimating Global ‘‘Blue Carbon’’ Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. To the best of our knowledge, one or more ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating Global ‘‘Blue Carbon’’ Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems Author: Megonigal, Patrick, Kauffman, J. Boone, Fourqurean, James W., Gordon, David, Sifleet, Samantha, Baldera, Alexis, Jenkins, W. Aaron, Herr, Dorothee, Donato, Daniel C., Marba, Nuria, Pidgeon, Emily, Murray, Brian C., Pendleton, Linwood, Crooks, Stephen, Craft, Christopher This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Estimating Global ‘‘Blue Carbon’’ Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems Author: Megonigal, Patrick, Kauffman, J. Boone, Fourqurean, James W., Gordon, David, Sifleet, Samantha, Baldera, Alexis, Jenkins, W. Aaron, Herr, Dorothee, Donato, Daniel C., Marba, Nuria, Pidgeon, Emily, Murray, Brian C., Pendleton, Linwood, Crooks, Stephen, Craft, Christopher This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close