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• 1131. [Article] Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines Author: Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., et al., Dunham, Jason B., Fraser, Dylan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11160. Title: Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines Author: Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., et al., Dunham, Jason B., Fraser, Dylan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11160. Close

• 1132. [Article] Morphometric analysis of landslides and slope stability on the north shore of the John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington

  The John Day Reservoir, a large reservoir between the John Day and the McNary Dams on the Columbia River, must be lowered several feet below design level during salmon migration season in order to preserve ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Morphometric analysis of landslides and slope stability on the north shore of the John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington Author: Woelke, Franziska The John Day Reservoir, a large reservoir between the John Day and the McNary Dams on the Columbia River, must be lowered several feet below design level during salmon migration season in order to preserve anadromous fish habitat. This research assessed the north shore of the John Day Reservoir for current slope stability and landslide reactivation potential. Ancient landslides of immense dimensions are located on the northern shore of the reservoir. These paleoslides and the bedrock paralleling the slopes on the northern shore may support new sliding activity. Fluctuating water levels may cause slope instability and erosion due to the absence of shore protecting vegetation in the fluctuation zone and due to the lubrication and fluctuating buoyancy of the toes of these landslides. Lowering the water level might reactivate landsliding activity, which can have adverse effects on transportation routes on the north shore of the John Day Reservoir, including Highway 14 and the Burlington Northern Railroad. The northern shore of the John Day Pool is very steep and highly susceptible to mass failures. Forty-six mass failures were delineated on the northern shore. Forty-one of these could be analyzed statistically. Rotational Slides and Viscous Flows were the major two process groups delineated. The morphometric analysis of mass movements developed by Crozier (1973) was utilized for the slide assessment. The applicability of this analysis was limited by the large dimensions of the mass movements in the study area. This research has shown that a moderate risk of increased mass wasting activity may result because of proposed pool elevation changes at several sites along the northern shore of the John Day Reservoir. Title: Morphometric analysis of landslides and slope stability on the north shore of the John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington Author: Woelke, Franziska The John Day Reservoir, a large reservoir between the John Day and the McNary Dams on the Columbia River, must be lowered several feet below design level during salmon migration season in order to preserve anadromous fish habitat. This research assessed the north shore of the John Day Reservoir for current slope stability and landslide reactivation potential. Ancient landslides of immense dimensions are located on the northern shore of the reservoir. These paleoslides and the bedrock paralleling the slopes on the northern shore may support new sliding activity. Fluctuating water levels may cause slope instability and erosion due to the absence of shore protecting vegetation in the fluctuation zone and due to the lubrication and fluctuating buoyancy of the toes of these landslides. Lowering the water level might reactivate landsliding activity, which can have adverse effects on transportation routes on the north shore of the John Day Reservoir, including Highway 14 and the Burlington Northern Railroad. The northern shore of the John Day Pool is very steep and highly susceptible to mass failures. Forty-six mass failures were delineated on the northern shore. Forty-one of these could be analyzed statistically. Rotational Slides and Viscous Flows were the major two process groups delineated. The morphometric analysis of mass movements developed by Crozier (1973) was utilized for the slide assessment. The applicability of this analysis was limited by the large dimensions of the mass movements in the study area. This research has shown that a moderate risk of increased mass wasting activity may result because of proposed pool elevation changes at several sites along the northern shore of the John Day Reservoir. Close

• 1133. [Article] Analytical determination of copper speciation in Oregon highway runoff

  Low concentrations of dissolved copper have been shown to adversely affect the olfactory system of endangered salmonids, impairing their ability to avoid predators and likely increasing predation. It is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analytical determination of copper speciation in Oregon highway runoff Author: Sprick, Matthew S. Low concentrations of dissolved copper have been shown to adversely affect the olfactory system of endangered salmonids, impairing their ability to avoid predators and likely increasing predation. It is believed that only the free ionic (Cu2+ free) and weakly complexed forms are bioavailable to organisms; these forms typically account for a small fraction of the total dissolved copper. To determine the threat of copper to salmonids, the speciation of copper in aqueous environments is essential. Copper speciation has been examined in freshwater, seawater, estuaries, and rainwater. However, no such studies have focused on stormwater, a major source of dissolved copper in natural water bodies. To bridge this gap in knowledge, competitive ligand exchange – adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLEACSV) techniques developed for seawater were adapted to stormwater. CLE-ACSV is unique among speciation techniques in that it allows the characterization of the ligands in the system as well as free copper concentrations. Major alterations of seawater CLE-ACSV techniques include the shift to a lower pH (6.80) and the addition of an electrolyte to increase solution ionic strength to 0.05M. The results of this research show that free copper concentrations at the monitored sites ranges from 10−13.49 to 10−6.74 M. Additionally, free copper concentrations are best correlated with dissolved copper and hardness levels. Ligand concentrations correlate with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements and (along with copper-ligand stability constants) vary widely within and between sites. Finally, modeled Cu2+ free concentrations overestimate analytically determined concentrations. Title: Analytical determination of copper speciation in Oregon highway runoff Author: Sprick, Matthew S. Low concentrations of dissolved copper have been shown to adversely affect the olfactory system of endangered salmonids, impairing their ability to avoid predators and likely increasing predation. It is believed that only the free ionic (Cu2+ free) and weakly complexed forms are bioavailable to organisms; these forms typically account for a small fraction of the total dissolved copper. To determine the threat of copper to salmonids, the speciation of copper in aqueous environments is essential. Copper speciation has been examined in freshwater, seawater, estuaries, and rainwater. However, no such studies have focused on stormwater, a major source of dissolved copper in natural water bodies. To bridge this gap in knowledge, competitive ligand exchange – adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLEACSV) techniques developed for seawater were adapted to stormwater. CLE-ACSV is unique among speciation techniques in that it allows the characterization of the ligands in the system as well as free copper concentrations. Major alterations of seawater CLE-ACSV techniques include the shift to a lower pH (6.80) and the addition of an electrolyte to increase solution ionic strength to 0.05M. The results of this research show that free copper concentrations at the monitored sites ranges from 10−13.49 to 10−6.74 M. Additionally, free copper concentrations are best correlated with dissolved copper and hardness levels. Ligand concentrations correlate with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements and (along with copper-ligand stability constants) vary widely within and between sites. Finally, modeled Cu2+ free concentrations overestimate analytically determined concentrations. Close

• 1134. [Article] Evaluation of Apatite II™ for removal of copper and zinc from highway stormwater runoff : laboratory and field experiments

  Current best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater treatment are not able to adequately remove heavy metals to levels which do not adversely affect aquatic life. Copper is commonly found in highway ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of Apatite II™ for removal of copper and zinc from highway stormwater runoff : laboratory and field experiments Author: Provolt, Justin J. Current best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater treatment are not able to adequately remove heavy metals to levels which do not adversely affect aquatic life. Copper is commonly found in highway stormwater runoff, with the primary source being brake pad wear. Copper is of particular concern due to inhibitory effects on juvenile salmon at low concentrations. In the current study, Apatite IITM, a biogenic fish-bone based adsorbent, was evaluated for copper and zinc removal from stormwater. Batch, column, and field experiments were performed to examine the potential of Apatite IITM to remove copper from stormwater. In both batch and continuous systems, the release of phosphate and calcium were observed and Apatite IITM achieved high removal efficiencies. In column experiments, copper breakthrough was independent of influent concentration. The extent of copper removal with Apatite II™ appears to be controlled by the solubility of copper containing precipitates and is a strong function of pH. Precipitation of insoluble metal oxides/hydroxides/phosphates was the primary mechanism of copper removal; the release of phosphate due to dissolution of the Apatite II™ buffered the pH and induced precipitation of copper and zinc. A field site along Highway 22 in Salem, OR was identified for field experiments. Preliminary sampling at the site indicated sufficient flow and dissolved copper to implement a field-scale Apatite II™ filter. Engineering concepts were used to design, construct, and install a field-scale filter aimed at removing copper from actual highway stormwater runoff. Apatite IITM shows potential as a low-cost alternative to effectively remove copper and zinc to trace levels in highway stormwater runoff. Title: Evaluation of Apatite II™ for removal of copper and zinc from highway stormwater runoff : laboratory and field experiments Author: Provolt, Justin J. Current best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater treatment are not able to adequately remove heavy metals to levels which do not adversely affect aquatic life. Copper is commonly found in highway stormwater runoff, with the primary source being brake pad wear. Copper is of particular concern due to inhibitory effects on juvenile salmon at low concentrations. In the current study, Apatite IITM, a biogenic fish-bone based adsorbent, was evaluated for copper and zinc removal from stormwater. Batch, column, and field experiments were performed to examine the potential of Apatite IITM to remove copper from stormwater. In both batch and continuous systems, the release of phosphate and calcium were observed and Apatite IITM achieved high removal efficiencies. In column experiments, copper breakthrough was independent of influent concentration. The extent of copper removal with Apatite II™ appears to be controlled by the solubility of copper containing precipitates and is a strong function of pH. Precipitation of insoluble metal oxides/hydroxides/phosphates was the primary mechanism of copper removal; the release of phosphate due to dissolution of the Apatite II™ buffered the pH and induced precipitation of copper and zinc. A field site along Highway 22 in Salem, OR was identified for field experiments. Preliminary sampling at the site indicated sufficient flow and dissolved copper to implement a field-scale Apatite II™ filter. Engineering concepts were used to design, construct, and install a field-scale filter aimed at removing copper from actual highway stormwater runoff. Apatite IITM shows potential as a low-cost alternative to effectively remove copper and zinc to trace levels in highway stormwater runoff. Close

• 1135. [Article] Aboriginal fishing at Seal Rock (35-LC-14) and Neptune (35-LA-3) : late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central Oregon coast

  A sample of fish remains from two late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central coast of Oregon were analyzed to partially evaluate two models of aboriginal subsistence-settlement systems. One model ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aboriginal fishing at Seal Rock (35-LC-14) and Neptune (35-LA-3) : late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central Oregon coast Author: Zontek, Terry A sample of fish remains from two late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central coast of Oregon were analyzed to partially evaluate two models of aboriginal subsistence-settlement systems. One model is based upon ethnograhpic data, primarily Drucker's (1939), for Yakonen speakers collected in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The second model, that of Ross and Snyder 1979, uses ethnographic and archaeological data from the entire Oregon coast to reconstruct a subsistence-settlement system during the last 3000 years. The study also examines the samples to determine their research potential and to recommend refinements in data collection methods for fish faunal remains. The fish species represented at the sites were determined by comparing the remains with a skeletal collection of common nearshore marine fishes of the region. The results were then interpreted within the framework of a descriptive model of marine habitats of the central Orogon coast. The results favor the composite model (Ross and Snyder 1979) and indicates that the ethnographic data may overstate the importance of river fishing of salmon and underestimate the economic contribution of purely marine resources during the late-prehistoric period. The ethnographic model, however, may be representative of the historic period. The study concludes with recommendations for research on changes in subsistence-settlement systems during the past several hundred years in the study area. Title: Aboriginal fishing at Seal Rock (35-LC-14) and Neptune (35-LA-3) : late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central Oregon coast Author: Zontek, Terry A sample of fish remains from two late-prehistoric archaeological sites on the central coast of Oregon were analyzed to partially evaluate two models of aboriginal subsistence-settlement systems. One model is based upon ethnograhpic data, primarily Drucker's (1939), for Yakonen speakers collected in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The second model, that of Ross and Snyder 1979, uses ethnographic and archaeological data from the entire Oregon coast to reconstruct a subsistence-settlement system during the last 3000 years. The study also examines the samples to determine their research potential and to recommend refinements in data collection methods for fish faunal remains. The fish species represented at the sites were determined by comparing the remains with a skeletal collection of common nearshore marine fishes of the region. The results were then interpreted within the framework of a descriptive model of marine habitats of the central Orogon coast. The results favor the composite model (Ross and Snyder 1979) and indicates that the ethnographic data may overstate the importance of river fishing of salmon and underestimate the economic contribution of purely marine resources during the late-prehistoric period. The ethnographic model, however, may be representative of the historic period. The study concludes with recommendations for research on changes in subsistence-settlement systems during the past several hundred years in the study area. Close

• 1136. [Article] The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry

  Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry Author: Nøstbakken, Linda Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions have taken place and the industry has become far more concentrated. Despite this, a number of smaller firms remain in the industry, and in recent years, industry concentration has stagnated. From 1996 to 2012, the ten largest companies increased their production share from 18.9% to 69.1%. Since then, it has remained stable at this level (68.9% in 2015). According to survey data from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, medium-sized firms currently have lower variable costs per kilo fish produced than larger firms. We use firm-level data for the period 2001-2014 to investigate what has been driving mergers and acquisitions in the Norwegian fish farming industry. Can the presence of economies of scale justify the mergers and acquisitions that have taken place since 2001? Could it be the case that some firms have grown too large? Combining data on mergers and acquisition and inter-firm collaboration (joint production) with annual survey data on firm-level production, costs and revenues, we empirically investigate drivers of mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Our analysis confirms that some firms have become too large relative to what minimizes production costs. In recent years, we find evidence of increasing collaboration between firms, particularly between small and medium sized firms operating in the same regions. Meanwhile, mergers and acquisitions came to a near halt.  Title: The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry Author: Nøstbakken, Linda Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions have taken place and the industry has become far more concentrated. Despite this, a number of smaller firms remain in the industry, and in recent years, industry concentration has stagnated. From 1996 to 2012, the ten largest companies increased their production share from 18.9% to 69.1%. Since then, it has remained stable at this level (68.9% in 2015). According to survey data from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, medium-sized firms currently have lower variable costs per kilo fish produced than larger firms. We use firm-level data for the period 2001-2014 to investigate what has been driving mergers and acquisitions in the Norwegian fish farming industry. Can the presence of economies of scale justify the mergers and acquisitions that have taken place since 2001? Could it be the case that some firms have grown too large? Combining data on mergers and acquisition and inter-firm collaboration (joint production) with annual survey data on firm-level production, costs and revenues, we empirically investigate drivers of mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Our analysis confirms that some firms have become too large relative to what minimizes production costs. In recent years, we find evidence of increasing collaboration between firms, particularly between small and medium sized firms operating in the same regions. Meanwhile, mergers and acquisitions came to a near halt.  Close

• 1137. [Article] Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session Author: Kosaka, Rosemary Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session Author: Kosaka, Rosemary Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 1138. [Article] Aquatic pesticide best management practices and relational database for the protection of NOAA trust species

  Pesticides are widely used to control undesirable pests and may be applied directly to water or lands directly adjacent to water. There can be unintended consequences, however, to native, threatened, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic pesticide best management practices and relational database for the protection of NOAA trust species Author: Gianou, Kelsey, Lam, Jennifer, Jepson, Paul, Chan, Sam, Emanuel, Robert Pesticides are widely used to control undesirable pests and may be applied directly to water or lands directly adjacent to water. There can be unintended consequences, however, to native, threatened, and endangered species. There is little information on the impacts of aquatic pesticides and best management practices (BMPs) to NOAA Trust Species. The goal of this project is to provide a set of resources and examples of aquatic pesticide toxicity to NOAA Trust Species and BMPs to NOAA Fisheries Service agents and private and public resource managers. The products produced by this project are 1) an aquatic pesticide and NOAA Trust Species database, 2) a technical report synthesizing case studies and an aquatic pesticide BMP framework for aquatic pest control, and 3) an aquatic pesticide BMP framework applied to salmon habitat restoration programs for peer reviewed publication. The products produced by this project are to assist NOAA Fisheries agents in consulting on the issuance of the EPA’s 2011 National Pollutant Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) Pesticide General Permit and to continue to provide assistance to NOAA Fisheries in determining entity eligibility and helping managers apply for inclusion under the 2011 NPDES Pesticide General Permit. The project products can also be used by private and public resource managers when developing and implementing aquatic pest control action plans with regards to the use of aquatic pesticides. The database highlights substantial gaps in ecotoxicity data of aquatic pesticides impacts to NOAA Trust Species. Taking a BMP approach to pesticide uses can help compensate for these gaps. Pest control managers, habitat restoration managers, and NOAA Fisheries Service agents will benefit from easily accessible, synthesized information on aquatic pesticides, their potential toxicity to NOAA Trust Species, and pesticide BMPs specific to aquatic pest control. Tools that could be utilized by all of these stakeholders could increase communication between these parties. This may lead to increased discussion and evaluation of the current knowledge of pesticide impacts and aquatic pesticide BMPs. Title: Aquatic pesticide best management practices and relational database for the protection of NOAA trust species Author: Gianou, Kelsey, Lam, Jennifer, Jepson, Paul, Chan, Sam, Emanuel, Robert Pesticides are widely used to control undesirable pests and may be applied directly to water or lands directly adjacent to water. There can be unintended consequences, however, to native, threatened, and endangered species. There is little information on the impacts of aquatic pesticides and best management practices (BMPs) to NOAA Trust Species. The goal of this project is to provide a set of resources and examples of aquatic pesticide toxicity to NOAA Trust Species and BMPs to NOAA Fisheries Service agents and private and public resource managers. The products produced by this project are 1) an aquatic pesticide and NOAA Trust Species database, 2) a technical report synthesizing case studies and an aquatic pesticide BMP framework for aquatic pest control, and 3) an aquatic pesticide BMP framework applied to salmon habitat restoration programs for peer reviewed publication. The products produced by this project are to assist NOAA Fisheries agents in consulting on the issuance of the EPA’s 2011 National Pollutant Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) Pesticide General Permit and to continue to provide assistance to NOAA Fisheries in determining entity eligibility and helping managers apply for inclusion under the 2011 NPDES Pesticide General Permit. The project products can also be used by private and public resource managers when developing and implementing aquatic pest control action plans with regards to the use of aquatic pesticides. The database highlights substantial gaps in ecotoxicity data of aquatic pesticides impacts to NOAA Trust Species. Taking a BMP approach to pesticide uses can help compensate for these gaps. Pest control managers, habitat restoration managers, and NOAA Fisheries Service agents will benefit from easily accessible, synthesized information on aquatic pesticides, their potential toxicity to NOAA Trust Species, and pesticide BMPs specific to aquatic pest control. Tools that could be utilized by all of these stakeholders could increase communication between these parties. This may lead to increased discussion and evaluation of the current knowledge of pesticide impacts and aquatic pesticide BMPs. Close

• 1139. [Article] Trask River watershed analysis : final report, August 2003

  Recommendations are provided in this watershed analysis to identify actions and management decisions on the part of BLM that might improve watershed health in the Trask River watershed.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trask River watershed analysis : final report, August 2003 Author: E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc., Sullivan, Timothy J., Snyder, Kai U., Oregon. Dept. of Forestry, Raymond, Richard B., Gilbert, Erin H., United States. Bureau of Land Management, Moore, Deian L. Recommendations are provided in this watershed analysis to identify actions and management decisions on the part of BLM that might improve watershed health in the Trask River watershed. Title: Trask River watershed analysis : final report, August 2003 Author: E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc., Sullivan, Timothy J., Snyder, Kai U., Oregon. Dept. of Forestry, Raymond, Richard B., Gilbert, Erin H., United States. Bureau of Land Management, Moore, Deian L. Recommendations are provided in this watershed analysis to identify actions and management decisions on the part of BLM that might improve watershed health in the Trask River watershed. Close

• 1140. [Article] The Emerging Dominance of Aquaculture: Implications for Trade and Management

  IIFET 2008 Vietnam keynote presentation by Professor James L. Anderson from the University of Rhode Island, USA.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Emerging Dominance of Aquaculture: Implications for Trade and Management Author: Anderson, James L. IIFET 2008 Vietnam keynote presentation by Professor James L. Anderson from the University of Rhode Island, USA. Title: The Emerging Dominance of Aquaculture: Implications for Trade and Management Author: Anderson, James L. IIFET 2008 Vietnam keynote presentation by Professor James L. Anderson from the University of Rhode Island, USA. Close