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• 61. [Article] Statistical Analysis of Stormwater Device Testing Protocols in Portland, Oregon

  Stormwater treatment is commonly performed with a combination of approaches including the utilization of natural systems and engineered devices. Before using a proprietary treatment instrument it is required ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Statistical Analysis of Stormwater Device Testing Protocols in Portland, Oregon Author: Kavianpour Isfahani, Zahra Year: 2013 Stormwater treatment is commonly performed with a combination of approaches including the utilization of natural systems and engineered devices. Before using a proprietary treatment instrument it is required to verify its performance and efficiency in reducing different pollution components including the TSS. Different states have developed strategies and regulations for accepting new instruments. In this thesis the stormwater management plan of the City of Portland, Oregon(2008), is analyzed in order to improve the current regulations. These rules apply to new technologies which are proposed by vendors to be used in Portland's stormwater treatment plans. Each requirement which should be met by the applying vendors is thoroughly analyzed followed by a comparison with the Stormwater management plan(2008)regulations of the state of Washington the so called Technology Assessment Plan-Ecology TAPE (Howie, 2011). Because of the similarities in the climate and land use between these two testing frameworks in order to evaluate the potential applicability of data submitted by vendors who had devices approved by Washington, to be utilized by Portland. The treatment of total suspended solids (TSS) is the focus of this thesis since it is central to the testing process and since most of the other pollutions are attached to TSS and will get treated if TSS is treated. The overall analysis shows that Portland adopts more restrictive requirements on the characterization of stormwater event samples to be treated by a technological instrument while Washington's restriction are more stringent on the efficiency of total suspended solid removal, in which it demands higher standards on the treatment of TSS compared to Portland's efficiency requirements. In order to study practical context in which regulations are administrated by Portland, rainfall data from 66 gauges covering the period of 1980-2011 was studied and the impacts of seasonality, land use, land form, periods of no rain before and after an event and Portland's Modified Performance line on the number of accepted rain events were analyzed. The results which were accepted by state of Washington were also compared with the results accepted by the city of Portland on Portland's Standard Performance line. Our seasonality study suggests that Portland's requirements are unnecessarily restrictive which results in the disqualification of many otherwise useful stormwater events, sometimes allowing no natural events to be available for testing in dry years. The analysis of land use showed that land use has no statistically significant impact on the concentration levels of TSS, thereby indicating that land use restrictions in the testing rules could be usefully relaxed. Decreasing the interevent no-rain period significantly increases the total number of events providing sufficient data to assess the performance of treatment facilities. We also showed that many more events become suitable for performance testing if events separated by one hours or less are considered a single, longer event. Finally we identified a statistical relationship between number of forecasted accepted stormwater events and the total average daily precipitation in a given year. Title: Statistical Analysis of Stormwater Device Testing Protocols in Portland, Oregon Author: Kavianpour Isfahani, Zahra Year: 2013 Stormwater treatment is commonly performed with a combination of approaches including the utilization of natural systems and engineered devices. Before using a proprietary treatment instrument it is required to verify its performance and efficiency in reducing different pollution components including the TSS. Different states have developed strategies and regulations for accepting new instruments. In this thesis the stormwater management plan of the City of Portland, Oregon(2008), is analyzed in order to improve the current regulations. These rules apply to new technologies which are proposed by vendors to be used in Portland's stormwater treatment plans. Each requirement which should be met by the applying vendors is thoroughly analyzed followed by a comparison with the Stormwater management plan(2008)regulations of the state of Washington the so called Technology Assessment Plan-Ecology TAPE (Howie, 2011). Because of the similarities in the climate and land use between these two testing frameworks in order to evaluate the potential applicability of data submitted by vendors who had devices approved by Washington, to be utilized by Portland. The treatment of total suspended solids (TSS) is the focus of this thesis since it is central to the testing process and since most of the other pollutions are attached to TSS and will get treated if TSS is treated. The overall analysis shows that Portland adopts more restrictive requirements on the characterization of stormwater event samples to be treated by a technological instrument while Washington's restriction are more stringent on the efficiency of total suspended solid removal, in which it demands higher standards on the treatment of TSS compared to Portland's efficiency requirements. In order to study practical context in which regulations are administrated by Portland, rainfall data from 66 gauges covering the period of 1980-2011 was studied and the impacts of seasonality, land use, land form, periods of no rain before and after an event and Portland's Modified Performance line on the number of accepted rain events were analyzed. The results which were accepted by state of Washington were also compared with the results accepted by the city of Portland on Portland's Standard Performance line. Our seasonality study suggests that Portland's requirements are unnecessarily restrictive which results in the disqualification of many otherwise useful stormwater events, sometimes allowing no natural events to be available for testing in dry years. The analysis of land use showed that land use has no statistically significant impact on the concentration levels of TSS, thereby indicating that land use restrictions in the testing rules could be usefully relaxed. Decreasing the interevent no-rain period significantly increases the total number of events providing sufficient data to assess the performance of treatment facilities. We also showed that many more events become suitable for performance testing if events separated by one hours or less are considered a single, longer event. Finally we identified a statistical relationship between number of forecasted accepted stormwater events and the total average daily precipitation in a given year. Close

• 62. [Article] Biological Rhythms: Melatonin Shapes the Space-Time Continuum of Social Communication

  A new study shows that nocturnal courtship vocalization is regulated by a circadian rhythm and potentiated by melatonin at multiple timescales. These findings are in contrast to those in diurnal vocalizers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological Rhythms: Melatonin Shapes the Space-Time Continuum of Social Communication Author: Wilczynski, Walter, Lutterschmidt, Deborah I. Year: 2016 A new study shows that nocturnal courtship vocalization is regulated by a circadian rhythm and potentiated by melatonin at multiple timescales. These findings are in contrast to those in diurnal vocalizers and provide a striking example of melatonin's niche-specific functions. Title: Biological Rhythms: Melatonin Shapes the Space-Time Continuum of Social Communication Author: Wilczynski, Walter, Lutterschmidt, Deborah I. Year: 2016 A new study shows that nocturnal courtship vocalization is regulated by a circadian rhythm and potentiated by melatonin at multiple timescales. These findings are in contrast to those in diurnal vocalizers and provide a striking example of melatonin's niche-specific functions. Close

• 63. [Article] City Club of Portland Report: Measure 7 and Compensation for the Impacts of Government Regulation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: City Club of Portland Report: Measure 7 and Compensation for the Impacts of Government Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 2002 Title: City Club of Portland Report: Measure 7 and Compensation for the Impacts of Government Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 2002 Close

• 64. [Article] Transgenic Crops: An Environmental Assessment

  The report focuses on the environmental impacts of transgenic crops, and covers biosafety regulations in the US and EU, intellectual property rights, and market and trade developments.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transgenic Crops: An Environmental Assessment Author: Ervin, David E., Batie, Sandra S., Welsh, Rick, Carpentier, Chantal L., Fern, Jacqueline I., Richman, Nessa J., Schulz, Mary A. Year: 2000 The report focuses on the environmental impacts of transgenic crops, and covers biosafety regulations in the US and EU, intellectual property rights, and market and trade developments. Title: Transgenic Crops: An Environmental Assessment Author: Ervin, David E., Batie, Sandra S., Welsh, Rick, Carpentier, Chantal L., Fern, Jacqueline I., Richman, Nessa J., Schulz, Mary A. Year: 2000 The report focuses on the environmental impacts of transgenic crops, and covers biosafety regulations in the US and EU, intellectual property rights, and market and trade developments. Close

• 65. [Article] Investigating the Role of Small Noncoding RNAs in Vertebrate Anoxia Tolerance

  Very few vertebrates survive extended periods of time without oxygen. Entry into metabolic depression is central to surviving anoxia, which is supported by overall suppression of protein synthesis, yet ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigating the Role of Small Noncoding RNAs in Vertebrate Anoxia Tolerance Author: Riggs, Claire Louise Year: 2017 Very few vertebrates survive extended periods of time without oxygen. Entry into metabolic depression is central to surviving anoxia, which is supported by overall suppression of protein synthesis, yet requires increased expression of specific proteins. Studying the rapid and complex regulation of gene expression associated with survival of anoxia may uncover new mechanisms of cellular biology and transform our understanding of cells, as well as inform prevention and treatment of heart attack and stroke in humans. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of gene expression that can be rapidly employed, can target individual genes or suites of genes, and are highly conserved across species. There are diverse types of sncRNAs, some coopted from degradation of longer RNAs in the cell. The sncRNA revolution has yielded a large body of literature revealing the roles of sncRNAs in a myriad of biological processes, from development to regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, to responding to stress, including freezing, dehydration, ischemia, and anoxia. Given the regulatory complexity required to survive anoxia, examining sncRNAs in the context of extreme anoxia tolerance has the potential to expand our understanding of the role that sncRNAs may play in basic cell biology, as well as in response to stresses such as anoxia. A comparative model including anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-sensitive phenotypes allows us to better identify sncRNAs that likely play a critical role in anoxia tolerance. Embryos of A. limnaeus are the most anoxia tolerant vertebrate known and are comprised of a range of anoxia-tolerance phenotypes. These characteristics create a unique opportunity for comparative study of the role of sncRNAs in anoxia tolerance in phenotypes with a common genomic background. The overall goals of this project were to: (1) describe the sncRNA transcriptome and changes in its expression in response to anoxia in the embryos of A. limnaeus and in other anoxia-tolerant vertebrates, and (2) to identify specific sncRNAs of interest based on these sequencing projects and to follow-up on their biogenesis, localization, and function in A. limnaeus embryos and a continuous cell line derived from A. limnaeus embryos. Chapter 2 focuses on the identity and expression of sncRNAs in embryos of A. limnaeus in 4 embryonic stages that differ in their anoxia tolerance and physiology. Chapter 3 explores sncRNA expression in brain tissue (the most oxygen-sensitive organ) in other anoxia-tolerant vertebrates: the crucian carp, western painted turtle, leopard frog, and epaulette shark. This allows us to assess the similarities and differences in sncRNA biology in species that evolved anoxia independently, and put the findings from A. limnaeus in an evolutionary context. Chapter 4 describes the establishment of the AL4 anoxia-tolerant cell line derived from A. limnaeus embryos, which allows for more detailed study of particular sncRNAs of interest in Chapter 5. Using whole embryos of A. limnaeus and the AL4 cell line, Chapter 5 describes the expression, localization, and possible biogenesis and mechanism of action of mitochondria-derived sncRNAs, known as mitosRNAs. Chapter 6 summarizes the findings and discusses potential future directions. The work in this dissertation represents the first global survey of sncRNA expression in anoxia tolerant vertebrates. While many interesting patterns of expression were identified, the most interesting discovery is the expression of sncRNAs that are generated in the mitochondria, but have the potential to function in other compartments of the cell. This discovery could transform the way we view the role of the mitochondria in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Title: Investigating the Role of Small Noncoding RNAs in Vertebrate Anoxia Tolerance Author: Riggs, Claire Louise Year: 2017 Very few vertebrates survive extended periods of time without oxygen. Entry into metabolic depression is central to surviving anoxia, which is supported by overall suppression of protein synthesis, yet requires increased expression of specific proteins. Studying the rapid and complex regulation of gene expression associated with survival of anoxia may uncover new mechanisms of cellular biology and transform our understanding of cells, as well as inform prevention and treatment of heart attack and stroke in humans. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of gene expression that can be rapidly employed, can target individual genes or suites of genes, and are highly conserved across species. There are diverse types of sncRNAs, some coopted from degradation of longer RNAs in the cell. The sncRNA revolution has yielded a large body of literature revealing the roles of sncRNAs in a myriad of biological processes, from development to regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, to responding to stress, including freezing, dehydration, ischemia, and anoxia. Given the regulatory complexity required to survive anoxia, examining sncRNAs in the context of extreme anoxia tolerance has the potential to expand our understanding of the role that sncRNAs may play in basic cell biology, as well as in response to stresses such as anoxia. A comparative model including anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-sensitive phenotypes allows us to better identify sncRNAs that likely play a critical role in anoxia tolerance. Embryos of A. limnaeus are the most anoxia tolerant vertebrate known and are comprised of a range of anoxia-tolerance phenotypes. These characteristics create a unique opportunity for comparative study of the role of sncRNAs in anoxia tolerance in phenotypes with a common genomic background. The overall goals of this project were to: (1) describe the sncRNA transcriptome and changes in its expression in response to anoxia in the embryos of A. limnaeus and in other anoxia-tolerant vertebrates, and (2) to identify specific sncRNAs of interest based on these sequencing projects and to follow-up on their biogenesis, localization, and function in A. limnaeus embryos and a continuous cell line derived from A. limnaeus embryos. Chapter 2 focuses on the identity and expression of sncRNAs in embryos of A. limnaeus in 4 embryonic stages that differ in their anoxia tolerance and physiology. Chapter 3 explores sncRNA expression in brain tissue (the most oxygen-sensitive organ) in other anoxia-tolerant vertebrates: the crucian carp, western painted turtle, leopard frog, and epaulette shark. This allows us to assess the similarities and differences in sncRNA biology in species that evolved anoxia independently, and put the findings from A. limnaeus in an evolutionary context. Chapter 4 describes the establishment of the AL4 anoxia-tolerant cell line derived from A. limnaeus embryos, which allows for more detailed study of particular sncRNAs of interest in Chapter 5. Using whole embryos of A. limnaeus and the AL4 cell line, Chapter 5 describes the expression, localization, and possible biogenesis and mechanism of action of mitochondria-derived sncRNAs, known as mitosRNAs. Chapter 6 summarizes the findings and discusses potential future directions. The work in this dissertation represents the first global survey of sncRNA expression in anoxia tolerant vertebrates. While many interesting patterns of expression were identified, the most interesting discovery is the expression of sncRNAs that are generated in the mitochondria, but have the potential to function in other compartments of the cell. This discovery could transform the way we view the role of the mitochondria in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Close

• 66. [Article] Information Report on Regulation of Handgun Sales in Portland

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report on Regulation of Handgun Sales in Portland Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1985 Title: Information Report on Regulation of Handgun Sales in Portland Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1985 Close

• 67. [Article] Regional Roundtable

  Transcript of the first Regional Roundtable on the issue of property rights and regulation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Roundtable Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2001 Transcript of the first Regional Roundtable on the issue of property rights and regulation. Title: Regional Roundtable Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2001 Transcript of the first Regional Roundtable on the issue of property rights and regulation. Close

• 68. [Article] City Club of Portland Report: Billboard Regulation in Portland

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: City Club of Portland Report: Billboard Regulation in Portland Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1996 Title: City Club of Portland Report: Billboard Regulation in Portland Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1996 Close

• 69. [Article] Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1983 Title: Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1983 Close

• 70. [Article] Excavating Legal Landscapes: Juridical Archaeology and the Politics of Bureaucratic Materiality in Bogotá, Colombia

  In Bogota, urban planners employ the notion of juridical archaeology to describe the difficulties associated with the implementation of the city's profuse and contradictory building regulations.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Excavating Legal Landscapes: Juridical Archaeology and the Politics of Bureaucratic Materiality in Bogotá, Colombia Author: Pérez, Federico Year: 2016 In Bogota, urban planners employ the notion of juridical archaeology to describe the difficulties associated with the implementation of the city's profuse and contradictory building regulations. Title: Excavating Legal Landscapes: Juridical Archaeology and the Politics of Bureaucratic Materiality in Bogotá, Colombia Author: Pérez, Federico Year: 2016 In Bogota, urban planners employ the notion of juridical archaeology to describe the difficulties associated with the implementation of the city's profuse and contradictory building regulations. Close