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• 511. [Article] Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2015‐16 to 2024‐25

  This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2015‐16 and 2024‐25. Each ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2015‐16 to 2024‐25 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Stewart, Scott Year: 2016 This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2015‐16 and 2024‐25. Each enrollment forecast scenario is related to population forecasts that incorporate different assumptions about growth within the District, with the primary differences being the contribution of net migration to the District’s population and age distribution. Individual school forecasts consistent with the middle range scenario are also presented for the 10 year period. Title: Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2015‐16 to 2024‐25 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Stewart, Scott Year: 2016 This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2015‐16 and 2024‐25. Each enrollment forecast scenario is related to population forecasts that incorporate different assumptions about growth within the District, with the primary differences being the contribution of net migration to the District’s population and age distribution. Individual school forecasts consistent with the middle range scenario are also presented for the 10 year period. Close

• 512. [Article] The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter

  Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter Author: Fink, Jonathan H., Gault, Donald, Greeley, Ronald Year: 1984 Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as on gravity. Volume is reduced, and depth-to-diameter ratio is increased for cratering events in which viscosity plays a dominant role. In addition to being affected by target kinematic viscosity, viscous scaling is most strongly influenced by projectile diameter, less strongly by projectile velocity, and least strongly by gravity. In a Planetary context, viscols effects can occur for craters formed by small or slow moving impacting bodies, low planetary surface densities, high surface viscosities, and low gravity values; conditions all likely for certain impacts into the icy satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, especially if liquid mantles were still present beneath solid crusts. Age dating based on crater counts and size-frequency distributions for these icy bodies may have to be modified to account for the possibility that viscosity-dominated craters were initially smaller and deeper than their gravity-controlled counterparts. Title: The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter Author: Fink, Jonathan H., Gault, Donald, Greeley, Ronald Year: 1984 Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as on gravity. Volume is reduced, and depth-to-diameter ratio is increased for cratering events in which viscosity plays a dominant role. In addition to being affected by target kinematic viscosity, viscous scaling is most strongly influenced by projectile diameter, less strongly by projectile velocity, and least strongly by gravity. In a Planetary context, viscols effects can occur for craters formed by small or slow moving impacting bodies, low planetary surface densities, high surface viscosities, and low gravity values; conditions all likely for certain impacts into the icy satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, especially if liquid mantles were still present beneath solid crusts. Age dating based on crater counts and size-frequency distributions for these icy bodies may have to be modified to account for the possibility that viscosity-dominated craters were initially smaller and deeper than their gravity-controlled counterparts. Close

• 513. [Article] Comments on the Mechanism of Aging of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Based Electrochromic Devices

  Electrochromic effects of antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles are investigated to probe device yellowing (degradation). Voltage vs contrast ratio curves exhibit hysteresis, i.e., image-sticking ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comments on the Mechanism of Aging of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Based Electrochromic Devices Author: Chan, Joo C., Hannah, Nicole A., Rananavare, Shankar B., Yeager, Laura, Dinescu, Liviu, Saraswat, Ashok, Iyer, Pradeep, Coleman, James P. Year: 2006 Electrochromic effects of antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles are investigated to probe device yellowing (degradation). Voltage vs contrast ratio curves exhibit hysteresis, i.e., image-sticking phenomena due to irreversible charge insertion. X-ray, impedance and optical b* studies suggest that the yellowing/charge trapping is nanoparticle size-dependent with 4 nm size particles exhibiting the least yellowing. Yellowing results in increased impedances of electrode–electrolyte interface and electrode corrosion. Plausible sources of discoloration are formation of insulating complex alkali oxide film, carrier inversion (n-to-p type) through electrochemical Li doping, redeposition of the corroded electrode material and perhaps residual concentration of charge-transfer species. Title: Comments on the Mechanism of Aging of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Based Electrochromic Devices Author: Chan, Joo C., Hannah, Nicole A., Rananavare, Shankar B., Yeager, Laura, Dinescu, Liviu, Saraswat, Ashok, Iyer, Pradeep, Coleman, James P. Year: 2006 Electrochromic effects of antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles are investigated to probe device yellowing (degradation). Voltage vs contrast ratio curves exhibit hysteresis, i.e., image-sticking phenomena due to irreversible charge insertion. X-ray, impedance and optical b* studies suggest that the yellowing/charge trapping is nanoparticle size-dependent with 4 nm size particles exhibiting the least yellowing. Yellowing results in increased impedances of electrode–electrolyte interface and electrode corrosion. Plausible sources of discoloration are formation of insulating complex alkali oxide film, carrier inversion (n-to-p type) through electrochemical Li doping, redeposition of the corroded electrode material and perhaps residual concentration of charge-transfer species. Close

• 514. [Article] Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future

  Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future Author: Barney, Don, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2003 Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social arenas. Oregon was among the first U.S. states to set targets for the future in each of these categories, allowing its citizens to see how much farther we have to go to achieve livability goals. These benchmarks are grouped under three major areas of a state strategic plan: quality jobs for all Oregonians; safe, caring and eng aged communities; and healthy, sustainable surroundings. Is there real value in all this data gathering? Is it useful not only to government planners, but to policy makers in both the public and private sectors? If so, will Metro's performance measurements be adequate to rate regional progress toward a better quality of life? If not, what more do we need to do? Title: Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future Author: Barney, Don, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2003 Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social arenas. Oregon was among the first U.S. states to set targets for the future in each of these categories, allowing its citizens to see how much farther we have to go to achieve livability goals. These benchmarks are grouped under three major areas of a state strategic plan: quality jobs for all Oregonians; safe, caring and eng aged communities; and healthy, sustainable surroundings. Is there real value in all this data gathering? Is it useful not only to government planners, but to policy makers in both the public and private sectors? If so, will Metro's performance measurements be adequate to rate regional progress toward a better quality of life? If not, what more do we need to do? Close

• 515. [Article] Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region

  While many people both inside and outside Oregon envision the state as a place of picturesque coastal bluffs, mountain ranges, the Columbia River Gorge, and oldgrowth forests, the population is primarily ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Koski, Amy Year: 2007 While many people both inside and outside Oregon envision the state as a place of picturesque coastal bluffs, mountain ranges, the Columbia River Gorge, and oldgrowth forests, the population is primarily urban. It has been for many decades. In 2000, three-quarters of Oregon’s 3.4 million residents lived in towns and cities. Almost one-half of Oregon’s population lived in the metropolitan Portland area. This paper offers an overview of population dynamics in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area, which includes five of Oregon’s thirty-six counties–Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill–and Clark County in the state of Washington. It refers to the “metropolitan Portland-Vancouver area” as the total area including the Oregon and Washington counties and to the “metropolitan Portland area” when limiting discussion to the five Oregon counties. It describes current trends for population growth; the effect of births, deaths, and migration on population growth; how the age, sex, and ethnic composition are changing; and where residents live. Finally, the paper discusses the dynamics for future growth and their implications. Title: Population Outlook for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Koski, Amy Year: 2007 While many people both inside and outside Oregon envision the state as a place of picturesque coastal bluffs, mountain ranges, the Columbia River Gorge, and oldgrowth forests, the population is primarily urban. It has been for many decades. In 2000, three-quarters of Oregon’s 3.4 million residents lived in towns and cities. Almost one-half of Oregon’s population lived in the metropolitan Portland area. This paper offers an overview of population dynamics in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area, which includes five of Oregon’s thirty-six counties–Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill–and Clark County in the state of Washington. It refers to the “metropolitan Portland-Vancouver area” as the total area including the Oregon and Washington counties and to the “metropolitan Portland area” when limiting discussion to the five Oregon counties. It describes current trends for population growth; the effect of births, deaths, and migration on population growth; how the age, sex, and ethnic composition are changing; and where residents live. Finally, the paper discusses the dynamics for future growth and their implications. Close

• 516. [Article] Estimation of a Monotone Mean Residual Life

  In survival analysis and in the analysis of life tables an important biometric function of interest is the life expectancy at age x,M(x), defined by M(x)=E[X?x|X>x], where X is a lifetime. M is called ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimation of a Monotone Mean Residual Life Author: Kochar, Subhash C., Mukerjee, Hari, Samaniego, Francisco J. Year: 2000 In survival analysis and in the analysis of life tables an important biometric function of interest is the life expectancy at age x,M(x), defined by M(x)=E[X?x|X>x], where X is a lifetime. M is called the mean residual life function. In many applications it is reasonable to assume that M is decreasing (DMRL) or increasing (IMRL); we write decreasing (increasing) for nonincreasing (non-decreasing). There is some literature on empirical estimators of M and their properties. Although tests for a monotone M are discussed in the literature, we are not aware of any estimators of M under these order restrictions. In this paper we initiate a study of such estimation. Our projection type estimators are shown to be strongly uniformly consistent on compact intervals, and they are shown to be asymptotically "root-n" equivalent in probability to the (unrestricted) empirical estimator when M is strictly monotone. Thus the monotonicity is obtained "free of charge", at least in the aymptotic sense. We also consider the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators. They do not exist for the IMRL case. They do exist for the DMRL case, but we have found the solutions to be too complex to be evaluated efficiently. Title: Estimation of a Monotone Mean Residual Life Author: Kochar, Subhash C., Mukerjee, Hari, Samaniego, Francisco J. Year: 2000 In survival analysis and in the analysis of life tables an important biometric function of interest is the life expectancy at age x,M(x), defined by M(x)=E[X?x|X>x], where X is a lifetime. M is called the mean residual life function. In many applications it is reasonable to assume that M is decreasing (DMRL) or increasing (IMRL); we write decreasing (increasing) for nonincreasing (non-decreasing). There is some literature on empirical estimators of M and their properties. Although tests for a monotone M are discussed in the literature, we are not aware of any estimators of M under these order restrictions. In this paper we initiate a study of such estimation. Our projection type estimators are shown to be strongly uniformly consistent on compact intervals, and they are shown to be asymptotically "root-n" equivalent in probability to the (unrestricted) empirical estimator when M is strictly monotone. Thus the monotonicity is obtained "free of charge", at least in the aymptotic sense. We also consider the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators. They do not exist for the IMRL case. They do exist for the DMRL case, but we have found the solutions to be too complex to be evaluated efficiently. Close

• 517. [Article] An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers

  This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers Author: Colleary, Colleen S. Year: 1973 This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to determine the site of the lesion. Four research questions were posed, two questions were presented in the form of the null hypothesis. The questions were: (1) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers? (2) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers? (3) Will the site of contact ulcers be able to be predicted from subject’s handedness? And (4) Is there a significant relationship between the factors of age, sex and occupation of the sample studied and the occurrence of contact ulcers? Title: An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers Author: Colleary, Colleen S. Year: 1973 This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to determine the site of the lesion. Four research questions were posed, two questions were presented in the form of the null hypothesis. The questions were: (1) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers? (2) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers? (3) Will the site of contact ulcers be able to be predicted from subject’s handedness? And (4) Is there a significant relationship between the factors of age, sex and occupation of the sample studied and the occurrence of contact ulcers? Close

• 518. [Article] Operational Guidance For Bicycle-Specific Traffic Signals in the United States

  The research consisted of two phases: 1) a synthesis of practice and 2) and analysis of cyclist performance characteristics. The synthesis of current practice reviewed the literature, current engineering ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Operational Guidance For Bicycle-Specific Traffic Signals in the United States Author: Monsere, Christopher, Figliozzi, Miguel A., Thompson, Sam, Paulsen, Kirk Year: 2012 The research consisted of two phases: 1) a synthesis of practice and 2) and analysis of cyclist performance characteristics. The synthesis of current practice reviewed the literature, current engineering design and operational guidance documents, and surveyed the jurisdictions about their current deployments of bicyclespecific signals. This report summarizes research of cyclist behavior at signalized intersections in Portland, Eugene, Corvallis, Beaverton and Clackamas County, OR. These signals had both bicycle-specific indications and vehicle-only signals. A total of 4,673cyclists were observed. For each cyclist observed arriving on red, a set of descriptive variables were collected (e.g., age, sex, helmet use, presence of cargo, arrival in group). Timebased event data were collected to establish reaction times, crossing times, waiting time, gap acceptance, and saturation flow rates. Compliance behavior was also established for these cyclists. Title: Operational Guidance For Bicycle-Specific Traffic Signals in the United States Author: Monsere, Christopher, Figliozzi, Miguel A., Thompson, Sam, Paulsen, Kirk Year: 2012 The research consisted of two phases: 1) a synthesis of practice and 2) and analysis of cyclist performance characteristics. The synthesis of current practice reviewed the literature, current engineering design and operational guidance documents, and surveyed the jurisdictions about their current deployments of bicyclespecific signals. This report summarizes research of cyclist behavior at signalized intersections in Portland, Eugene, Corvallis, Beaverton and Clackamas County, OR. These signals had both bicycle-specific indications and vehicle-only signals. A total of 4,673cyclists were observed. For each cyclist observed arriving on red, a set of descriptive variables were collected (e.g., age, sex, helmet use, presence of cargo, arrival in group). Timebased event data were collected to establish reaction times, crossing times, waiting time, gap acceptance, and saturation flow rates. Compliance behavior was also established for these cyclists. Close

• 519. [Article] “Build a Friendship With Them”: The Discourse of “At-Risk” as a Barrier to Relationship Building Between Young People Who Trade Sex and Social Workers

  Young people in statutory care and protection interact with social workers, who hold potential to provide a supportive adult role in their lives. Many however, run away at an early age and end up on the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “Build a Friendship With Them”: The Discourse of “At-Risk” as a Barrier to Relationship Building Between Young People Who Trade Sex and Social Workers Author: Abel, Gillian, Wahab, Stéphanie Year: 2017 Young people in statutory care and protection interact with social workers, who hold potential to provide a supportive adult role in their lives. Many however, run away at an early age and end up on the street trading sex for money or other favours. There is potential to improve outcomes for young people in care if the relationship between young people and their social workers is better addressed. This paper uses data from a qualitative study of 14 young people who traded sex and who had experienced interactions with social workers. A thematic analysis identified three themes: the rigidity of social work practice; contesting the family situation; and resisting the at-risk label. We argue that to have any impact on outcomes for young people in care, social workers need to prioritise relationship-building above the need to conform to organizational protocols and guidelines. Such guidelines assist the social worker in assessing whether family situations pose high risk for a young person, but the “at-risk” label is contested by young people, which results in a lack of trust and a barrier to relationship building. Title: “Build a Friendship With Them”: The Discourse of “At-Risk” as a Barrier to Relationship Building Between Young People Who Trade Sex and Social Workers Author: Abel, Gillian, Wahab, Stéphanie Year: 2017 Young people in statutory care and protection interact with social workers, who hold potential to provide a supportive adult role in their lives. Many however, run away at an early age and end up on the street trading sex for money or other favours. There is potential to improve outcomes for young people in care if the relationship between young people and their social workers is better addressed. This paper uses data from a qualitative study of 14 young people who traded sex and who had experienced interactions with social workers. A thematic analysis identified three themes: the rigidity of social work practice; contesting the family situation; and resisting the at-risk label. We argue that to have any impact on outcomes for young people in care, social workers need to prioritise relationship-building above the need to conform to organizational protocols and guidelines. Such guidelines assist the social worker in assessing whether family situations pose high risk for a young person, but the “at-risk” label is contested by young people, which results in a lack of trust and a barrier to relationship building. Close

• 520. [Article] Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data

  In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data Author: Kafton-Minkel, Carol Year: 1983 In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible disturbance is in oral diadochokinesis (DIO), an individual's ability to start and stop the movement of the articulators rapidly and execute repetitive, alternating, sequential movements typically associated with speech articulation. It is often recommended that a speech-language pathologist test DIO speed and compare the performance to available norms. There is, however, a lack of normative DIO data spanning all ages of adulthood. The purpose of this study was to develop preliminary normative data on the speed of oral diadochokinesis used in articulation of syllables and oral movements by adults. The investigation sought to answer the question: What are the mean rates of oral diadochokinetic syllable productions and selected oral movements for each decade of adulthood? Title: Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data Author: Kafton-Minkel, Carol Year: 1983 In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible disturbance is in oral diadochokinesis (DIO), an individual's ability to start and stop the movement of the articulators rapidly and execute repetitive, alternating, sequential movements typically associated with speech articulation. It is often recommended that a speech-language pathologist test DIO speed and compare the performance to available norms. There is, however, a lack of normative DIO data spanning all ages of adulthood. The purpose of this study was to develop preliminary normative data on the speed of oral diadochokinesis used in articulation of syllables and oral movements by adults. The investigation sought to answer the question: What are the mean rates of oral diadochokinetic syllable productions and selected oral movements for each decade of adulthood? Close