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• 491. [Article] A Characterization of Lake Abert Tufa Mounds Lake Abert, Oregon

  A series of tufa mounds is found within the northern basin of Lake Abert, located within southeastern Oregon. The mounds have been divided into 3 main groups and 1 sub-group (A1, A2, B, and C) based upon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Characterization of Lake Abert Tufa Mounds Lake Abert, Oregon Author: Bartruff, Anthony Lynn Year: 2013 A series of tufa mounds is found within the northern basin of Lake Abert, located within southeastern Oregon. The mounds have been divided into 3 main groups and 1 sub-group (A1, A2, B, and C) based upon spatial and textural considerations. Mound groups appear at two different elevations: the 1310 meter elevation (Groups A2, B, and C), and the 1318 meter elevation (Group A1). Published carbon age dating of the Lake Abert 1325 meter strandline and the 1310 meter strandline indicates that the mounds were formed during the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Facies analysis and mineralogical analysis of the mounds indicates that the mounds were primarily formed subaqueously during a lake regression, supporting oxygen isotope data from previous researchers. Magnetometer data within Groups A1 and A2 suggests that the mounds are associated with a series of magnetic lows which are oriented in joint sets (NW-SE, and N-S) which match the orientation of faulting within the region. While there appears to be another early mound building episode, no direct evidence confirms this. Title: A Characterization of Lake Abert Tufa Mounds Lake Abert, Oregon Author: Bartruff, Anthony Lynn Year: 2013 A series of tufa mounds is found within the northern basin of Lake Abert, located within southeastern Oregon. The mounds have been divided into 3 main groups and 1 sub-group (A1, A2, B, and C) based upon spatial and textural considerations. Mound groups appear at two different elevations: the 1310 meter elevation (Groups A2, B, and C), and the 1318 meter elevation (Group A1). Published carbon age dating of the Lake Abert 1325 meter strandline and the 1310 meter strandline indicates that the mounds were formed during the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Facies analysis and mineralogical analysis of the mounds indicates that the mounds were primarily formed subaqueously during a lake regression, supporting oxygen isotope data from previous researchers. Magnetometer data within Groups A1 and A2 suggests that the mounds are associated with a series of magnetic lows which are oriented in joint sets (NW-SE, and N-S) which match the orientation of faulting within the region. While there appears to be another early mound building episode, no direct evidence confirms this. Close

• 492. [Article] A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children

  This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children Author: Pearce, Lezlie Kaye Year: 1978 This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response (MLR) (Templin, 1957), Developmental Sentence Score (DSS) (Lee, 1974), and individual DSS items were used to analyze language used by the three groups of children. The study involved thirty-nine children, thirteen children in each group, between the ages of six years, six months, and seven years, four months. All subjects were screened to determine grade, residency, Indian blood, speech, language, hearing, and physical status. Testing for hearing vocabulary was performed at the beginning of the testing situation to determine eligibility for the study. Title: A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children Author: Pearce, Lezlie Kaye Year: 1978 This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response (MLR) (Templin, 1957), Developmental Sentence Score (DSS) (Lee, 1974), and individual DSS items were used to analyze language used by the three groups of children. The study involved thirty-nine children, thirteen children in each group, between the ages of six years, six months, and seven years, four months. All subjects were screened to determine grade, residency, Indian blood, speech, language, hearing, and physical status. Testing for hearing vocabulary was performed at the beginning of the testing situation to determine eligibility for the study. Close

• 493. [Article] The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients

  The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients Author: Tovey, Sylvia Diane Year: 1977 The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years. The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for a total of eight test paragraphs. The results or this study revealed no statistically significant difference for the magnitude of correct answers for the telegraphically written material; however, a significant number of subjects gave more correct answers for the telegraphic material at both the fourth and sixth grade levels. These results demonstrate that it is easier for some aphasic patients to comprehend telegraphically written material than normally written material. Therefore, telegraphically written material may be of value for patients with aphasia who are relearning to read. This type of material may also be used for recreational reading when requested by aphasic patients. Title: The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients Author: Tovey, Sylvia Diane Year: 1977 The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years. The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for a total of eight test paragraphs. The results or this study revealed no statistically significant difference for the magnitude of correct answers for the telegraphically written material; however, a significant number of subjects gave more correct answers for the telegraphic material at both the fourth and sixth grade levels. These results demonstrate that it is easier for some aphasic patients to comprehend telegraphically written material than normally written material. Therefore, telegraphically written material may be of value for patients with aphasia who are relearning to read. This type of material may also be used for recreational reading when requested by aphasic patients. Close

• 494. [Article] Sleep, Dietary, and Exercise Behavioral Clusters Among Truck Drivers With Obesity: Implications for Interventions

  Objective: The objectives of the study were to describe a sample of truck drivers, identify clusters of drivers with similar patterns in behaviors affecting energy balance (sleep, diet, and exercise), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sleep, Dietary, and Exercise Behavioral Clusters Among Truck Drivers With Obesity: Implications for Interventions Author: Olson, Ryan, Thompson, Sharon V., Wipfli, Brad, Hanson, Ginger, Elliot, Diane L., Anger, Kent, Bodner, Todd, Hammer, Leslie B., Hohn, Elliot, Perrin, Nancy Year: 2016 Objective: The objectives of the study were to describe a sample of truck drivers, identify clusters of drivers with similar patterns in behaviors affecting energy balance (sleep, diet, and exercise), and test for cluster differences in health safety, and psychosocial factors. Methods: Participants’ (n = 452, body mass index M = 37.2, 86.4% male) self-reported behaviors were dichotomized prior to hierarchical cluster analysis, which identified groups with similar behavior covariation. Cluster differences were tested with generalized estimating equations. Results: Five behavioral clusters were identified that differed significantly in age, smoking status, diabetes prevalence, lost work days, stress, and social support, but not in body mass index. Cluster 2, characterized by the best sleep quality, had significantly lower lost workdays and stress than other clusters. Conclusions: Weight management interventions for drivers should explicitly address sleep, and may be maximally effective after establishing socially supportive work environments that reduce stress exposures. Title: Sleep, Dietary, and Exercise Behavioral Clusters Among Truck Drivers With Obesity: Implications for Interventions Author: Olson, Ryan, Thompson, Sharon V., Wipfli, Brad, Hanson, Ginger, Elliot, Diane L., Anger, Kent, Bodner, Todd, Hammer, Leslie B., Hohn, Elliot, Perrin, Nancy Year: 2016 Objective: The objectives of the study were to describe a sample of truck drivers, identify clusters of drivers with similar patterns in behaviors affecting energy balance (sleep, diet, and exercise), and test for cluster differences in health safety, and psychosocial factors. Methods: Participants’ (n = 452, body mass index M = 37.2, 86.4% male) self-reported behaviors were dichotomized prior to hierarchical cluster analysis, which identified groups with similar behavior covariation. Cluster differences were tested with generalized estimating equations. Results: Five behavioral clusters were identified that differed significantly in age, smoking status, diabetes prevalence, lost work days, stress, and social support, but not in body mass index. Cluster 2, characterized by the best sleep quality, had significantly lower lost workdays and stress than other clusters. Conclusions: Weight management interventions for drivers should explicitly address sleep, and may be maximally effective after establishing socially supportive work environments that reduce stress exposures. Close

• 495. [Article] Phenotypic Variation in the Model Organism, Danio Rerio

  Model organisms are used to study evolutionary conserved traits. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used a model organism because of their highly fecundity, external fertilization, and robust nature, making them ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phenotypic Variation in the Model Organism, Danio Rerio Author: Champaigne, Rachel D, Brown, Kim H. Year: 2014 Model organisms are used to study evolutionary conserved traits. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used a model organism because of their highly fecundity, external fertilization, and robust nature, making them highly adaptable to environmental and genetic variation. In an effort to limit data variation that lies outside of topic interest, phenotypic measures of variation must be performed, understood, and taken into consideration for future studies. A common measurement of phenotypic variation in fish is in the maximum (Ucrit) swimming speeds. Inter and intra-strain variation in zebrafish Ucrit swimming speeds will be observed in a swim tunnel. Baseline values will be recorded from ten fish from each of two families in each of three strains: WIK, Tubigan and AB. Environmental variation in zebrafish raised (beginning at one month of age) in tanks with various volumes and densities of fish will also be recorded from each strain. Mitochondrial density in white muscle will be compared in each strain in each condition. Diet, take salinity, pH, temperature, and light exposure will all remain constant for all fish. Title: Phenotypic Variation in the Model Organism, Danio Rerio Author: Champaigne, Rachel D, Brown, Kim H. Year: 2014 Model organisms are used to study evolutionary conserved traits. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used a model organism because of their highly fecundity, external fertilization, and robust nature, making them highly adaptable to environmental and genetic variation. In an effort to limit data variation that lies outside of topic interest, phenotypic measures of variation must be performed, understood, and taken into consideration for future studies. A common measurement of phenotypic variation in fish is in the maximum (Ucrit) swimming speeds. Inter and intra-strain variation in zebrafish Ucrit swimming speeds will be observed in a swim tunnel. Baseline values will be recorded from ten fish from each of two families in each of three strains: WIK, Tubigan and AB. Environmental variation in zebrafish raised (beginning at one month of age) in tanks with various volumes and densities of fish will also be recorded from each strain. Mitochondrial density in white muscle will be compared in each strain in each condition. Diet, take salinity, pH, temperature, and light exposure will all remain constant for all fish. Close

• 496. [Article] Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency

  Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency Author: Quam, Carolyn, Creel, Sarah C. Year: 2017 Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. Method We tested 72 Mandarin–English bilingual college students with a range of language-dominance profiles in the 2 languages and ages of acquisition of English. Participants viewed 2 photographs at a time while hearing a familiar Mandarin word referring to 1 photograph. The names of the 2 photographs diverged in tone, vowels, or both. Word recognition was evaluated using clicking accuracy, reaction times, and an online recognition measure (gaze) and was compared in the 3 conditions. Results Relative proficiency in English was correlated with reduced word recognition success in tone-disambiguated trials, but not in vowel-disambiguated trials, across all 3 dependent measures. This selective attrition for tone content emerged even though all bilinguals had learned Mandarin from birth. Lengthy experience with English thus weakened tone use. Conclusions This finding has implications for the question of the extent to which bilinguals' 2 phonetic systems interact. It suggests that bilinguals may not process pitch information language-specifically and that processing strategies from the dominant language may affect phonetic processing in the nondominant language—even when the latter was learned natively. Title: Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency Author: Quam, Carolyn, Creel, Sarah C. Year: 2017 Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. Method We tested 72 Mandarin–English bilingual college students with a range of language-dominance profiles in the 2 languages and ages of acquisition of English. Participants viewed 2 photographs at a time while hearing a familiar Mandarin word referring to 1 photograph. The names of the 2 photographs diverged in tone, vowels, or both. Word recognition was evaluated using clicking accuracy, reaction times, and an online recognition measure (gaze) and was compared in the 3 conditions. Results Relative proficiency in English was correlated with reduced word recognition success in tone-disambiguated trials, but not in vowel-disambiguated trials, across all 3 dependent measures. This selective attrition for tone content emerged even though all bilinguals had learned Mandarin from birth. Lengthy experience with English thus weakened tone use. Conclusions This finding has implications for the question of the extent to which bilinguals' 2 phonetic systems interact. It suggests that bilinguals may not process pitch information language-specifically and that processing strategies from the dominant language may affect phonetic processing in the nondominant language—even when the latter was learned natively. Close

• 497. [Article] Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2014-15 to 2023-24

  This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2014‐15 and 2023‐24. Each ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2014-15 to 2023-24 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Rancik, Kevin Christopher, Martin, Sheila Year: 2014 This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2014‐15 and 2023‐24. Each enrollment forecast scenario is related to population forecasts that incorporate different assumptions about growth within the District, with the primary differences being the contribution of net migration to the District’s population and age distribution. Individual school forecasts consistent with the middle range scenario are also presented for the 10 year period. Title: Oregon City School District Enrollment Forecasts 2014-15 to 2023-24 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Rancik, Kevin Christopher, Martin, Sheila Year: 2014 This report presents a range of three scenarios of district‐wide enrollment forecasts by grade level for the Oregon City School District (OCSD) for the 10 year period between 2014‐15 and 2023‐24. Each enrollment forecast scenario is related to population forecasts that incorporate different assumptions about growth within the District, with the primary differences being the contribution of net migration to the District’s population and age distribution. Individual school forecasts consistent with the middle range scenario are also presented for the 10 year period. Close

• 498. [Article] Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families

  This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Title: Where the Ends Don’t Meet: Measuring Poverty and Self-Sufficiency Among Oregon’s Families Author: Rowe, Melissa, Martin, Sheila A, Gu, Danan, Sprague, Webb Year: 2010 This report uses the Self-Sufficiency Standard developed by Dr. Diana Pearce at the University of Washington to analyze the extent to which Oregon households earn enough money to meet their basic needs without a public subsidy. This standard, a vast improvement on the federal poverty level, accounts for differences in the cost of living based on family structure, age of children, and county of residence. Dr. Pearce has defined the income required to meet basic needs for every county in Oregon and a number of household types. A large number of Oregon households not considered poor by the federal poverty level nevertheless do not earn enough income to meet their basic needs. In this report, we use census data to sort households into those that meet versus those that don’t meet the Self-Sufficiency Standard and describe how basic socioeconomic factors such as family structure and householder sex, race/ethnicity, education, and work affect the extent to which households earn enough to make ends meet. Close

• 499. [Article] What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon?

  With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon? Author: Martin, Sheila A., Merrick, Meg, Rundell, Erik, Shriver, Katie Year: 2007 With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette Valley, where growth pressures and the value gradient between land for farms and land for residential development is great. This paper explores those relationships by describing and mapping the claims in terms of location, size, and current and proposed use, and then analyzes factors that appear to be driving the claims. At a county level, variables such as population growth, farm income, farm tenure and average age of farmer are considered as explanations of claim density. Using maps, we also examine the impact of distance from urban growth boundary and proximity to public lands. We conclude with comments about the unforeseen consequences of the “time zone” zoning on agriculture and public services, and consider the fairness of the Measure 37 regime. Title: What is Driving Measure 37 Claims in Oregon? Author: Martin, Sheila A., Merrick, Meg, Rundell, Erik, Shriver, Katie Year: 2007 With over 7,500 claims covering 750,000 acres of farm and forestland, Measure 37 claims harbor the potential to change the landscape in Oregon. The majority of these claims are located in the Willamette Valley, where growth pressures and the value gradient between land for farms and land for residential development is great. This paper explores those relationships by describing and mapping the claims in terms of location, size, and current and proposed use, and then analyzes factors that appear to be driving the claims. At a county level, variables such as population growth, farm income, farm tenure and average age of farmer are considered as explanations of claim density. Using maps, we also examine the impact of distance from urban growth boundary and proximity to public lands. We conclude with comments about the unforeseen consequences of the “time zone” zoning on agriculture and public services, and consider the fairness of the Measure 37 regime. Close

• 500. [Article] Multi-resident Identification Using Device-Free IR and RF Fingerprinting

  Remote monitoring of health and mobility is critical in the support of aging-in-place for seniors. However, it is challenging to passively monitor individuals in multi-resident homes. In this paper we ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multi-resident Identification Using Device-Free IR and RF Fingerprinting Author: Schafermeyer, Erich R., Wan, Eric A., Samin, Shadman, Zentzis, Noah, Preiser, Nicholas, Condon, John, Folsom, Jon, Jacobs, Peter Year: 2015 Remote monitoring of health and mobility is critical in the support of aging-in-place for seniors. However, it is challenging to passively monitor individuals in multi-resident homes. In this paper we present a new method for the identification of individuals using simple wall-mounted radio frequency (RF) transceivers and IR sensors with fingerprinting techniques. The approach is passive or device-free in that it does not require the person being identified to wear any transmitting device Classification is achieved using features derived from measuring the disruption of RF received signal strength (RSS) among 4 transceivers positioned across either a hallway or doorframe. Three IR sensors provide timing information. Results are given for 3 test subjects (1 female, 2 males). The approach achieves over 98% classification accuracy in distinguishing the female from the male subjects and over 83% in distinguishing between the males using a Gaussian Mixture Model for classification. More than 2300 labeled examples per subject were used for training. When the training data is reduced to less than 140 examples per subject, 96% and 82% classification accuracy is still achieved respectively. Title: Multi-resident Identification Using Device-Free IR and RF Fingerprinting Author: Schafermeyer, Erich R., Wan, Eric A., Samin, Shadman, Zentzis, Noah, Preiser, Nicholas, Condon, John, Folsom, Jon, Jacobs, Peter Year: 2015 Remote monitoring of health and mobility is critical in the support of aging-in-place for seniors. However, it is challenging to passively monitor individuals in multi-resident homes. In this paper we present a new method for the identification of individuals using simple wall-mounted radio frequency (RF) transceivers and IR sensors with fingerprinting techniques. The approach is passive or device-free in that it does not require the person being identified to wear any transmitting device Classification is achieved using features derived from measuring the disruption of RF received signal strength (RSS) among 4 transceivers positioned across either a hallway or doorframe. Three IR sensors provide timing information. Results are given for 3 test subjects (1 female, 2 males). The approach achieves over 98% classification accuracy in distinguishing the female from the male subjects and over 83% in distinguishing between the males using a Gaussian Mixture Model for classification. More than 2300 labeled examples per subject were used for training. When the training data is reduced to less than 140 examples per subject, 96% and 82% classification accuracy is still achieved respectively. Close