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• 331. [Article] Detecting Rule of Balance in Photography

  Rule of Balance is one of the most important composition rules in photography, which can be used as a standard for photo quality assessment. The rule of balance states that images with evenly distributed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Detecting Rule of Balance in Photography Author: Mai, Uyen T., Liu, Feng Year: 2014 Rule of Balance is one of the most important composition rules in photography, which can be used as a standard for photo quality assessment. The rule of balance states that images with evenly distributed visual elements are visually pleasing and thus are highly aesthetic. This work presents a method to automatically classify balanced and unbalanced images. Detecting the rule of balance requires a robust technique to locate and analyze important objects and visual elements, which involves understanding of the image content. Since semantic understanding is currently beyond the state of the art in computer vision, we employ the saliency maps as an alternative. We design a range of features according to the definition and effects of the rule of balance. Our experiments with a variety of machine learning techniques ([8-11]) and saliency analysis methods ([2-6]) demonstrate an encouraging performance in detecting vertical and horizontal balanced images. For future works, the balance detecting system can be developed into a subroutine for an automatic evaluation of professional photography. Title: Detecting Rule of Balance in Photography Author: Mai, Uyen T., Liu, Feng Year: 2014 Rule of Balance is one of the most important composition rules in photography, which can be used as a standard for photo quality assessment. The rule of balance states that images with evenly distributed visual elements are visually pleasing and thus are highly aesthetic. This work presents a method to automatically classify balanced and unbalanced images. Detecting the rule of balance requires a robust technique to locate and analyze important objects and visual elements, which involves understanding of the image content. Since semantic understanding is currently beyond the state of the art in computer vision, we employ the saliency maps as an alternative. We design a range of features according to the definition and effects of the rule of balance. Our experiments with a variety of machine learning techniques ([8-11]) and saliency analysis methods ([2-6]) demonstrate an encouraging performance in detecting vertical and horizontal balanced images. For future works, the balance detecting system can be developed into a subroutine for an automatic evaluation of professional photography. Close

• 332. [Article] PDX Streetverve: Examining Portland Neighborhoods

  The goals for this project entailed collecting both quantitative and qualitative data about selected neighborhoods in Portland. The quantitative data included photo documentation of all buildings and lots ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PDX Streetverve: Examining Portland Neighborhoods Author: Brewer, Kale, Hanna, Teresa, Slaughter, Brian, Alconcel, Krystle, Richerson, Zoe, McGowan, Kevin, Bueler, Ryan, Sanchez, Yolanda, Landolt, Andy, Flodin, Scott, Albano, Jonathan, Christensen, Brandon, Crofutt, Jesse Year: 2011 The goals for this project entailed collecting both quantitative and qualitative data about selected neighborhoods in Portland. The quantitative data included photo documentation of all buildings and lots (e.g. parking lots or vacant lots) within the study areas. Other empirical data collected included the address(es) of the buildings, the number of stories and/or mailboxes, land use categories such as commercial or residential (including exclusive as well as mixed use categories), the name and type of business, and the spatial coordinates of the building (latitude/longitude). This data was collected in order to provide an objective "picture" of the neighborhood at a given point in time and assess the ability to map and analyze this micro-level data using GIS (geographic information systems). Title: PDX Streetverve: Examining Portland Neighborhoods Author: Brewer, Kale, Hanna, Teresa, Slaughter, Brian, Alconcel, Krystle, Richerson, Zoe, McGowan, Kevin, Bueler, Ryan, Sanchez, Yolanda, Landolt, Andy, Flodin, Scott, Albano, Jonathan, Christensen, Brandon, Crofutt, Jesse Year: 2011 The goals for this project entailed collecting both quantitative and qualitative data about selected neighborhoods in Portland. The quantitative data included photo documentation of all buildings and lots (e.g. parking lots or vacant lots) within the study areas. Other empirical data collected included the address(es) of the buildings, the number of stories and/or mailboxes, land use categories such as commercial or residential (including exclusive as well as mixed use categories), the name and type of business, and the spatial coordinates of the building (latitude/longitude). This data was collected in order to provide an objective "picture" of the neighborhood at a given point in time and assess the ability to map and analyze this micro-level data using GIS (geographic information systems). Close

• 333. [Article] "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #23"

  From back of photo: "Kwanzan Members Present Check to NAACP to L.C. Ellison, treasurer. L to R: 1. Mary Fuller 2. 3. 4. 5. Pauline Countee 6. L. C. Ellison 7. Ruth Jackson 8. 9. Bernadette Plummer

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #23" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1955 From back of photo: "Kwanzan Members Present Check to NAACP to L.C. Ellison, treasurer. L to R: 1. Mary Fuller 2. 3. 4. 5. Pauline Countee 6. L. C. Ellison 7. Ruth Jackson 8. 9. Bernadette Plummer Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #23" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1955 From back of photo: "Kwanzan Members Present Check to NAACP to L.C. Ellison, treasurer. L to R: 1. Mary Fuller 2. 3. 4. 5. Pauline Countee 6. L. C. Ellison 7. Ruth Jackson 8. 9. Bernadette Plummer Close

• 334. [Article] "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #33"

  From back of photo: "Rev & Mrs. Akers back on left, Lucille Wilson (little boy = son), Marion Melben, Mrs. Ingersoll (leg up, glasses), Clarence Avey (glasses), Mrs. Avey (to his left), Vicky & Duke Jackson ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #33" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1954 From back of photo: "Rev & Mrs. Akers back on left, Lucille Wilson (little boy = son), Marion Melben, Mrs. Ingersoll (leg up, glasses), Clarence Avey (glasses), Mrs. Avey (to his left), Vicky & Duke Jackson (Lucille Wilson's basement)" Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #33" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1954 From back of photo: "Rev & Mrs. Akers back on left, Lucille Wilson (little boy = son), Marion Melben, Mrs. Ingersoll (leg up, glasses), Clarence Avey (glasses), Mrs. Avey (to his left), Vicky & Duke Jackson (Lucille Wilson's basement)" Close

• 335. [Article] Album 14, Photo #22

  Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of Page 20] Title: Album 14, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of Page 20] Close

• 336. [Article] Album 14, Photo #42

  Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #42 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1957 Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" 4.Oliver Smith, Otto, Edgar Williams, 1957. Title: Album 14, Photo #42 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1957 Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" 4.Oliver Smith, Otto, Edgar Williams, 1957. Close

• 337. [Article] "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #21"

  From back of photo: "NAACP Meeting - Tom Johnson purchasing Life Membership / L to R: 1. Otto Rutherford 2. U. H. Leverett 3. Sylvia Thompson 4. Edgar Williams 5. Oliver Smith 6. Tom Johnson"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #21" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1955 From back of photo: "NAACP Meeting - Tom Johnson purchasing Life Membership / L to R: 1. Otto Rutherford 2. U. H. Leverett 3. Sylvia Thompson 4. Edgar Williams 5. Oliver Smith 6. Tom Johnson" Title: "Portland NAACP scrapbook, pg. #21" Author: Portland NAACP Year: 1955 From back of photo: "NAACP Meeting - Tom Johnson purchasing Life Membership / L to R: 1. Otto Rutherford 2. U. H. Leverett 3. Sylvia Thompson 4. Edgar Williams 5. Oliver Smith 6. Tom Johnson" Close

• 338. [Article] Album 14, Photo #41

  Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #41 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1954 Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student for the University of Oregon Foreign Students' Service Fund and to Otto Rutherford, president of NAACP for its legal redress fund." Title: Album 14, Photo #41 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1954 Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student for the University of Oregon Foreign Students' Service Fund and to Otto Rutherford, president of NAACP for its legal redress fund." Close

• 339. [Article] Album 14, Photo #18

  Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1941 Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann Rutherford, Ruby Minor Title: Album 14, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1941 Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann Rutherford, Ruby Minor Close

• 340. [Article] Removing Textured Artifacts from Digital Photos Using Spatial Frequency Filtering

  An abstract of the thesis of Ben Huang for the Master of Science in Electric and Computer Science presented [August 12nd, 2010]. Title: Removing textured artifacts from digital photos by using spatial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Removing Textured Artifacts from Digital Photos Using Spatial Frequency Filtering Author: Huang, Ben Year: 2010 An abstract of the thesis of Ben Huang for the Master of Science in Electric and Computer Science presented [August 12nd, 2010]. Title: Removing textured artifacts from digital photos by using spatial frequency filtering Virtually all image processing is now done with digital images. These images, captured with digital cameras, can be readily processed with various types of editing software to serve a multitude of personal and commercial purposes. But not all images are directly captured and even of those that are directly captured many are not of sufficiently high quality. Digital images are also acquired by scanning old paper images. The result is often a digital image of poor quality. Textured artifacts on some old paper pictures were designed to help protect pictures from discoloration. However, after scanning, these textured artifacts exhibit annoying textured noise in the digital image, highly degrading the visual definition of images on electronic screens. This kind of image noise is academically called global periodic noise. It is in a spurious and repetitive pattern that exists consistently throughout the image. There does not appear to be any commercial graphic software with a tool box to directly resolve this global periodic noise. Even Photoshop, considered to be the most powerful and authoritative graphic software, does not have an effective function to reduce textured noise. This thesis addresses this problem by proposing the use of an alternative graphic filter to what is currently available. To achieve the best image quality in photographic editing, spatial frequency domain filtering is utilized instead of spatial domain filtering. In frequency domain images, the consistent periodicity of the textured noise leads to well defined spikes in the frequency transform of the noisy image. When the noise spikes are at a sufficient distance from the image spectrum, they can be removed by reducing their frequency amplitudes. The filtered spectrum may then yield a noise reduced image through inverse frequency transforming. This thesis proposes a method to reduce periodic noise in the spatial frequency domain; summarizes the difference between DFT and DCT, FFT and fast DCT in image processing applications; uses fast DCT as the frequency transform to solve the problem in order to improve both computational load and filtered image quality; and develops software that can be implemented as a plug in for large graphic software to remove textured artifacts from digital images. Title: Removing Textured Artifacts from Digital Photos Using Spatial Frequency Filtering Author: Huang, Ben Year: 2010 An abstract of the thesis of Ben Huang for the Master of Science in Electric and Computer Science presented [August 12nd, 2010]. Title: Removing textured artifacts from digital photos by using spatial frequency filtering Virtually all image processing is now done with digital images. These images, captured with digital cameras, can be readily processed with various types of editing software to serve a multitude of personal and commercial purposes. But not all images are directly captured and even of those that are directly captured many are not of sufficiently high quality. Digital images are also acquired by scanning old paper images. The result is often a digital image of poor quality. Textured artifacts on some old paper pictures were designed to help protect pictures from discoloration. However, after scanning, these textured artifacts exhibit annoying textured noise in the digital image, highly degrading the visual definition of images on electronic screens. This kind of image noise is academically called global periodic noise. It is in a spurious and repetitive pattern that exists consistently throughout the image. There does not appear to be any commercial graphic software with a tool box to directly resolve this global periodic noise. Even Photoshop, considered to be the most powerful and authoritative graphic software, does not have an effective function to reduce textured noise. This thesis addresses this problem by proposing the use of an alternative graphic filter to what is currently available. To achieve the best image quality in photographic editing, spatial frequency domain filtering is utilized instead of spatial domain filtering. In frequency domain images, the consistent periodicity of the textured noise leads to well defined spikes in the frequency transform of the noisy image. When the noise spikes are at a sufficient distance from the image spectrum, they can be removed by reducing their frequency amplitudes. The filtered spectrum may then yield a noise reduced image through inverse frequency transforming. This thesis proposes a method to reduce periodic noise in the spatial frequency domain; summarizes the difference between DFT and DCT, FFT and fast DCT in image processing applications; uses fast DCT as the frequency transform to solve the problem in order to improve both computational load and filtered image quality; and develops software that can be implemented as a plug in for large graphic software to remove textured artifacts from digital images. Close