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• 21. [Article] tacHOMEa: Infill Tools for a Happy City

  The City of Tacoma has policies that both encourage the densification of neighborhoods through a broadened range of residential infill options and also protect the character of single-family housing patterns. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: tacHOMEa: Infill Tools for a Happy City Author: Mathez, Anaïs, Cynkar, Michael, Silver, Hannah, Kobel, Nicholas Year: 2015 The City of Tacoma has policies that both encourage the densification of neighborhoods through a broadened range of residential infill options and also protect the character of single-family housing patterns. However, recent residential development has illustrated the difficulty of achieving goals of compatibility and density simultaneously. How can development incorporate better design standards and placemaking practices that respond to a neighborhood’s unique character, while diversifying the housing stock to provide a greater variety of housing options? Relating to the city’s anticipated population growth, as well as regional environmental and economic pressures, this report frames the discussion, analysis and recommendations around two key objectives: increasing access to "missing middle" housing, and promoting context-sensitive development. This report covers an introduction to the project’s objectives and methodology, an overview of existing conditions, a study of urban form pattern areas, takeaways from community engagement efforts and final recommendations. The information from this report helps establish a framework for guiding residential infill development in a manner that is sensitive to both neighborhood design and the diversifying needs of Tacoma’s current and future residents. The study of pattern areas is a tool that provides an analytical framework for guiding future work towards the incorporation of place-based needs and desires informed by the community. Recommendations identify actions that are both city-wide as well as pattern-specific, making a statement about the direction of growth and residential development as a means to frame the opportunities that exist in Tacoma. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata, Lisa Bates and Susan Hartnett Title: tacHOMEa: Infill Tools for a Happy City Author: Mathez, Anaïs, Cynkar, Michael, Silver, Hannah, Kobel, Nicholas Year: 2015 The City of Tacoma has policies that both encourage the densification of neighborhoods through a broadened range of residential infill options and also protect the character of single-family housing patterns. However, recent residential development has illustrated the difficulty of achieving goals of compatibility and density simultaneously. How can development incorporate better design standards and placemaking practices that respond to a neighborhood’s unique character, while diversifying the housing stock to provide a greater variety of housing options? Relating to the city’s anticipated population growth, as well as regional environmental and economic pressures, this report frames the discussion, analysis and recommendations around two key objectives: increasing access to "missing middle" housing, and promoting context-sensitive development. This report covers an introduction to the project’s objectives and methodology, an overview of existing conditions, a study of urban form pattern areas, takeaways from community engagement efforts and final recommendations. The information from this report helps establish a framework for guiding residential infill development in a manner that is sensitive to both neighborhood design and the diversifying needs of Tacoma’s current and future residents. The study of pattern areas is a tool that provides an analytical framework for guiding future work towards the incorporation of place-based needs and desires informed by the community. Recommendations identify actions that are both city-wide as well as pattern-specific, making a statement about the direction of growth and residential development as a means to frame the opportunities that exist in Tacoma. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata, Lisa Bates and Susan Hartnett Close

• 22. [Article] The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe

  Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Close

• 23. [Article] Impacts of Predicted Global Sea-Level Rise on Oregon Beaches and Tidelands

  Forward by: Phillip Johnson, Executive Director Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition The Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition’s "Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project" is under development as an experiment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Predicted Global Sea-Level Rise on Oregon Beaches and Tidelands Author: Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2013 Forward by: Phillip Johnson, Executive Director Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition The Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition’s "Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project" is under development as an experiment in grassroots organizing for adaptive planning for expected climate change impacts. Oregon Shores is a regional conservation group with a 40-year history of working to protect marine, shoreline, estuarine and other coastal habitats. The organization’s board and staff came to recognize that the likely effects of climate change—rising sea levels, more intensive storm surges, increased erosion, lower-river flooding, among others—would affect every aspect of the group’s work. Consequently, a new program, the Climate Action Program, was created to address the need for long-range adaptive planning to preserve the resilience of communities, both human and natural. Oregon Shores’ premise in developing the Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project is that for adaptive planning to be meaningful, broad community acceptance and support are necessary. The project is thus designed as a grassroots effort, with the aim of developing broad support before any proposal should be submitted to local governments. Title: Impacts of Predicted Global Sea-Level Rise on Oregon Beaches and Tidelands Author: Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2013 Forward by: Phillip Johnson, Executive Director Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition The Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition’s "Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project" is under development as an experiment in grassroots organizing for adaptive planning for expected climate change impacts. Oregon Shores is a regional conservation group with a 40-year history of working to protect marine, shoreline, estuarine and other coastal habitats. The organization’s board and staff came to recognize that the likely effects of climate change—rising sea levels, more intensive storm surges, increased erosion, lower-river flooding, among others—would affect every aspect of the group’s work. Consequently, a new program, the Climate Action Program, was created to address the need for long-range adaptive planning to preserve the resilience of communities, both human and natural. Oregon Shores’ premise in developing the Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project is that for adaptive planning to be meaningful, broad community acceptance and support are necessary. The project is thus designed as a grassroots effort, with the aim of developing broad support before any proposal should be submitted to local governments. Close

• 24. [Article] Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety

  There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Author: Hunter-Zaworski, Katharine M., Cornell, Linda Year: 2010 There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of 25 mph. Currently these vehicles are not subject to the same federal requirements for occupant protection as passenger cars. This research project investigated safety standards, operating regulations, and LSV manufacturer materials from sources around the world. The purpose of the research was to determine positive and negative impacts that LSVs, including Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and Medium Speed Electric Vehicles (MSEVs), are likely to have for the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Oregon communities, and whether adjustments in current state regulations are needed to ensure that LSVs do not negatively impact road safety and traffic operations, or expose the LSV operators to undue risk. The U.S. and Canadian federal motor vehicle safety agencies have harmonized their regulations and stipulated the maximum operating speed of these vehicles, however state and local roadway authorities have regulated the maximum speed of roadways and intersection characteristics on which these vehicles can operate. The significant recommendations of this research are: (i)The State of Oregon regulations for LSVs should be amended such that LSVs are limited to public roadways with a maximum operating speed of 25 mph, and they are restricted to crossing higher speed roadways at four-way Stop or traffic controlled intersections, (ii) local transportation authorities should develop parallel or secondary low-speed transportation networks that connect residential neighborhoods with major activity centers Title: Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Author: Hunter-Zaworski, Katharine M., Cornell, Linda Year: 2010 There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of 25 mph. Currently these vehicles are not subject to the same federal requirements for occupant protection as passenger cars. This research project investigated safety standards, operating regulations, and LSV manufacturer materials from sources around the world. The purpose of the research was to determine positive and negative impacts that LSVs, including Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and Medium Speed Electric Vehicles (MSEVs), are likely to have for the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Oregon communities, and whether adjustments in current state regulations are needed to ensure that LSVs do not negatively impact road safety and traffic operations, or expose the LSV operators to undue risk. The U.S. and Canadian federal motor vehicle safety agencies have harmonized their regulations and stipulated the maximum operating speed of these vehicles, however state and local roadway authorities have regulated the maximum speed of roadways and intersection characteristics on which these vehicles can operate. The significant recommendations of this research are: (i)The State of Oregon regulations for LSVs should be amended such that LSVs are limited to public roadways with a maximum operating speed of 25 mph, and they are restricted to crossing higher speed roadways at four-way Stop or traffic controlled intersections, (ii) local transportation authorities should develop parallel or secondary low-speed transportation networks that connect residential neighborhoods with major activity centers Close

• 25. [Article] Structure and Dynamics of Household Hazardous Wastes

  Municipal Solid wastes--the majority of which are household refuse--have, increasingly been implicated as a source of hazardous materials in landfill leachate discharges (U.S. EPA 1988). Data collected ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Structure and Dynamics of Household Hazardous Wastes Author: Wilson, Douglas C., Rathje, William L. Year: 1989 Municipal Solid wastes--the majority of which are household refuse--have, increasingly been implicated as a source of hazardous materials in landfill leachate discharges (U.S. EPA 1988). Data collected on the components of these wastes are critical for solid wastes systems planning--especially landfill design, hazardous materials collection systems, and resource recovery. A number of recent studies by the University of Arizona's Garbage Project have identified household products as a possible source of hazardous materials in landfills (Wilson 1985, Rathje et al. 1987a, 1987b). Studies have addressed (1) the definition of these "household hazardous wastes" (HHW), (2) the characteristics of HHW from hands-on analyses of residential solid wastes in four United States study cities and Mexico City, Mexico, (3) the relationships between derived waste characteristics and within-study city Socioeconomic variability and variability between the regions studied and (4) the potential biodegradation pathways and characteristics of municipal landfill leachates. Results of these studies suggest that: (1) While HHW comprises a very small proportion of the total residential solid wastes, total quantities generated per year are quite high. (2) Significant differences in HHW discard rates are observed between both study communities and census tracts within study communities. (3) Socioeconomic variability between census tracts (within study communities), are related to the differential discard of HHW and, we believe, can be used to estimate characteristics of HHW in U.S. cities without necessitating further large-scale, costly, refuse sorts. (4) Long-term discard trends for HHW may influence the levels of risk associated with these wastes. Garbage Project HHW studies have been funded at the national level by the Water Quality Engineering Division of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Solid Wastes of the Environmental Protection Agency and at the local level by city and county governments, private research organizations, and university departments. Title: Structure and Dynamics of Household Hazardous Wastes Author: Wilson, Douglas C., Rathje, William L. Year: 1989 Municipal Solid wastes--the majority of which are household refuse--have, increasingly been implicated as a source of hazardous materials in landfill leachate discharges (U.S. EPA 1988). Data collected on the components of these wastes are critical for solid wastes systems planning--especially landfill design, hazardous materials collection systems, and resource recovery. A number of recent studies by the University of Arizona's Garbage Project have identified household products as a possible source of hazardous materials in landfills (Wilson 1985, Rathje et al. 1987a, 1987b). Studies have addressed (1) the definition of these "household hazardous wastes" (HHW), (2) the characteristics of HHW from hands-on analyses of residential solid wastes in four United States study cities and Mexico City, Mexico, (3) the relationships between derived waste characteristics and within-study city Socioeconomic variability and variability between the regions studied and (4) the potential biodegradation pathways and characteristics of municipal landfill leachates. Results of these studies suggest that: (1) While HHW comprises a very small proportion of the total residential solid wastes, total quantities generated per year are quite high. (2) Significant differences in HHW discard rates are observed between both study communities and census tracts within study communities. (3) Socioeconomic variability between census tracts (within study communities), are related to the differential discard of HHW and, we believe, can be used to estimate characteristics of HHW in U.S. cities without necessitating further large-scale, costly, refuse sorts. (4) Long-term discard trends for HHW may influence the levels of risk associated with these wastes. Garbage Project HHW studies have been funded at the national level by the Water Quality Engineering Division of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Solid Wastes of the Environmental Protection Agency and at the local level by city and county governments, private research organizations, and university departments. Close

• 26. [Article] The Preservation Perplex: Finding the Balance Between our Past and Future

  James Conway’s September 2005 description of Portland in Preservation typifies the city’s image as a place where innovative planning has created an exceptional and impressive urban landscape. Portland prides ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Preservation Perplex: Finding the Balance Between our Past and Future Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 James Conway’s September 2005 description of Portland in Preservation typifies the city’s image as a place where innovative planning has created an exceptional and impressive urban landscape. Portland prides itself on being uniquely livable. Known for clean streets, urban parks and a laid back lifestyle, for many it’s the very model of a successful city. Public transportation is widely used, the city’s downtown remains vibrant, and smaller neighborhood commercial centers provide big draws for shopping and entertainment. Local natural amenities are widely enjoyed, as residents fl ock to urban parks and natural areas outside the city. As a result, the metroscape is growing rapidly. The increase in population can be seen in the thriving construction industry and the plans for a new MAX line. It is during periods of rapid growth and change that communities must define themselves, strengthening their futures through deliberate and structured development. In many ways the metroscape excels in urban planning. However, our success is not clear in the preservation of historic resources. Citing the popular local chain McMenamins and several unidentified buildings in the Pearl District, Conway lauds locals for successfully embracing historic preservation. But in reality, the majority of buildings in the Pearl are not historic warehouses retrofitted for new lives as luxury condos and trendy commercial spaces, but rather new buildings with architectural elements that simply allude to the area’s industrial past. The few historic buildings that have been converted along with the small but successful McMenamins chain suggest the potential for adaptive reuse, but what have we really done in the way of historic preservation? Title: The Preservation Perplex: Finding the Balance Between our Past and Future Author: Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2007 James Conway’s September 2005 description of Portland in Preservation typifies the city’s image as a place where innovative planning has created an exceptional and impressive urban landscape. Portland prides itself on being uniquely livable. Known for clean streets, urban parks and a laid back lifestyle, for many it’s the very model of a successful city. Public transportation is widely used, the city’s downtown remains vibrant, and smaller neighborhood commercial centers provide big draws for shopping and entertainment. Local natural amenities are widely enjoyed, as residents fl ock to urban parks and natural areas outside the city. As a result, the metroscape is growing rapidly. The increase in population can be seen in the thriving construction industry and the plans for a new MAX line. It is during periods of rapid growth and change that communities must define themselves, strengthening their futures through deliberate and structured development. In many ways the metroscape excels in urban planning. However, our success is not clear in the preservation of historic resources. Citing the popular local chain McMenamins and several unidentified buildings in the Pearl District, Conway lauds locals for successfully embracing historic preservation. But in reality, the majority of buildings in the Pearl are not historic warehouses retrofitted for new lives as luxury condos and trendy commercial spaces, but rather new buildings with architectural elements that simply allude to the area’s industrial past. The few historic buildings that have been converted along with the small but successful McMenamins chain suggest the potential for adaptive reuse, but what have we really done in the way of historic preservation? Close

• 27. [Article] Examining the Right to Bicycle: Synergies and Tensions Between Human Rights, Civil Rights, and Planning for Cycling

  Securing and expanding the broad right to bicycle, including the right to adequate and safe street space and related infrastructure for cycling along with other policies and protections for cyclists, is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Examining the Right to Bicycle: Synergies and Tensions Between Human Rights, Civil Rights, and Planning for Cycling Author: Golub, Aaron Year: 2015 Securing and expanding the broad right to bicycle, including the right to adequate and safe street space and related infrastructure for cycling along with other policies and protections for cyclists, is the obvious goal of cycling advocacy efforts in their various forms. All rights are situated within frameworks for promulgating and insuring they are honored, and the right to cycling is no different. This project investigates how the right to bicycle falls within various rights frameworks, focusing on broad human rights and civil rights frameworks while reflecting as well on traffic safety codes and transportation planning frameworks. While certain aspects of the right to cycle find support in particular aspects of these frameworks, there are tensions among them as well. The right to cycle, for example, does not find significant support as a civil right as clarified in civil rights laws and directives, while it does however correspond more broadly to human rights conceptions of the right to bodily integrity and mobility. This project then reflects on these findings, exploring advocacy strategies for the right to bicycle and their tensions and synergies with other transportation rights movements such as universal access and transportation justice movements derived more directly from the environmental justice and civil rights frames. Title: Examining the Right to Bicycle: Synergies and Tensions Between Human Rights, Civil Rights, and Planning for Cycling Author: Golub, Aaron Year: 2015 Securing and expanding the broad right to bicycle, including the right to adequate and safe street space and related infrastructure for cycling along with other policies and protections for cyclists, is the obvious goal of cycling advocacy efforts in their various forms. All rights are situated within frameworks for promulgating and insuring they are honored, and the right to cycling is no different. This project investigates how the right to bicycle falls within various rights frameworks, focusing on broad human rights and civil rights frameworks while reflecting as well on traffic safety codes and transportation planning frameworks. While certain aspects of the right to cycle find support in particular aspects of these frameworks, there are tensions among them as well. The right to cycle, for example, does not find significant support as a civil right as clarified in civil rights laws and directives, while it does however correspond more broadly to human rights conceptions of the right to bodily integrity and mobility. This project then reflects on these findings, exploring advocacy strategies for the right to bicycle and their tensions and synergies with other transportation rights movements such as universal access and transportation justice movements derived more directly from the environmental justice and civil rights frames. Close

• 28. [Article] Advancing Collaborative Solutions: Lessons from the Oregon Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership (SageCon)

  The Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership, also known as “SageCon,” was an unprecedented collaborative effort among federal, state, and private stakeholders to address landscape-scale threats to greater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Advancing Collaborative Solutions: Lessons from the Oregon Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership (SageCon) Author: Allen, Jennifer H., Odell, Turner, Babcock, Julia, Henrie, Charis Year: 2017 The Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership, also known as “SageCon,” was an unprecedented collaborative effort among federal, state, and private stakeholders to address landscape-scale threats to greater sage-grouse while also acknowledging rural economic and community interests across eastern Oregon’s sagebrush range. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) preliminary finding that the sage-grouse warranted listing under the endangered species act, and a subsequent court settlement setting a deadline for a final listing decision were key drivers for SageCon participants to seek proactive solutions to protect the bird. A cadre of diverse Eastern Oregon stakeholders with experience working collaboratively on related public lands issues helped set the stage for the collaborative effort. As part of what the Department of the Interior described as a historic outcome, SageCon produced the 2015 Oregon Sage-Grouse Action Plan, which details voluntary and state-regulated conservation measures to preserve habitat and protect Oregon’s sage-grouse population from threats on public and private land. SageCon—as one part of a broader multi-state collaborative effort—led to a subsequent USFWS finding that the sage-grouse no longer warranted listing as endangered. In our study of this collaborative effort, we interviewed seventeen SageCon participants to identify collaborative approaches that may offer promise for other conservation and public policy efforts. We explored participant motivation for engaging in the process, collaborative process design, integration of science into the SageCon deliberations, and other experiences that interviewees found relevant. Title: Advancing Collaborative Solutions: Lessons from the Oregon Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership (SageCon) Author: Allen, Jennifer H., Odell, Turner, Babcock, Julia, Henrie, Charis Year: 2017 The Sage-Grouse Conservation Partnership, also known as “SageCon,” was an unprecedented collaborative effort among federal, state, and private stakeholders to address landscape-scale threats to greater sage-grouse while also acknowledging rural economic and community interests across eastern Oregon’s sagebrush range. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) preliminary finding that the sage-grouse warranted listing under the endangered species act, and a subsequent court settlement setting a deadline for a final listing decision were key drivers for SageCon participants to seek proactive solutions to protect the bird. A cadre of diverse Eastern Oregon stakeholders with experience working collaboratively on related public lands issues helped set the stage for the collaborative effort. As part of what the Department of the Interior described as a historic outcome, SageCon produced the 2015 Oregon Sage-Grouse Action Plan, which details voluntary and state-regulated conservation measures to preserve habitat and protect Oregon’s sage-grouse population from threats on public and private land. SageCon—as one part of a broader multi-state collaborative effort—led to a subsequent USFWS finding that the sage-grouse no longer warranted listing as endangered. In our study of this collaborative effort, we interviewed seventeen SageCon participants to identify collaborative approaches that may offer promise for other conservation and public policy efforts. We explored participant motivation for engaging in the process, collaborative process design, integration of science into the SageCon deliberations, and other experiences that interviewees found relevant. Close

• 29. [Article] Green River CE-QUAL-W2 Project: A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Study of the Green River King County, Washington

  This report describes the data processing and model calibration performed for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Green River, located in King County, Washington. Figure 1 shows the location ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green River CE-QUAL-W2 Project: A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Study of the Green River King County, Washington Author: Kraft, Tim, Annear, Robert Leslie, Berger, Chris, Wells, Scott A. Year: 2004 This report describes the data processing and model calibration performed for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Green River, located in King County, Washington. Figure 1 shows the location of the river, and the limits of the section of river that was modeled. The Green River flows from its headwaters in the Cascade Mountain foothills through the King County, Washington communities of Auburn, Kent, and Tukwila before discharging into the Duwamish River. Two sections of the river were modeled in this project. The Middle Green River begins in the Cascade Mountain foothills east of Tacoma, and continues downstream to the city of Auburn, WA. The Lower Green River continues from Auburn to the confluence with the Duwamish River, in the town of Tukwila. The Green/Duwamish River system is unique in that it flows through a heavily urbanized and industrialized environment yet supports a large salmon population (Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Study, 2003). To protect the river and its prime salmon habitat, King County and the US Army Corps of Engineers have joined together on a study to identify and implement strategies for restoring and protecting the Green/Duwamish River System and its tributaries (Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Study, 2003). As part of the Green-Duwamish Watershed Water Quality Assessment Program, King County contracted with Portland State University to develop a hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Lower and Middle Green River. This model will be used in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development, in assessing current water quality conditions in the river, and as a planning tool for evaluating the impacts of future development in the basin. Title: Green River CE-QUAL-W2 Project: A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Study of the Green River King County, Washington Author: Kraft, Tim, Annear, Robert Leslie, Berger, Chris, Wells, Scott A. Year: 2004 This report describes the data processing and model calibration performed for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Green River, located in King County, Washington. Figure 1 shows the location of the river, and the limits of the section of river that was modeled. The Green River flows from its headwaters in the Cascade Mountain foothills through the King County, Washington communities of Auburn, Kent, and Tukwila before discharging into the Duwamish River. Two sections of the river were modeled in this project. The Middle Green River begins in the Cascade Mountain foothills east of Tacoma, and continues downstream to the city of Auburn, WA. The Lower Green River continues from Auburn to the confluence with the Duwamish River, in the town of Tukwila. The Green/Duwamish River system is unique in that it flows through a heavily urbanized and industrialized environment yet supports a large salmon population (Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Study, 2003). To protect the river and its prime salmon habitat, King County and the US Army Corps of Engineers have joined together on a study to identify and implement strategies for restoring and protecting the Green/Duwamish River System and its tributaries (Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Study, 2003). As part of the Green-Duwamish Watershed Water Quality Assessment Program, King County contracted with Portland State University to develop a hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Lower and Middle Green River. This model will be used in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development, in assessing current water quality conditions in the river, and as a planning tool for evaluating the impacts of future development in the basin. Close

• 30. [Article] National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes

  Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes Author: Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Schultz, Dana, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Setodji, Claude, Kofner, Aaron, Harris, Racine, Acosta, Joie D. Year: 2011 Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported by Grant Nos. 2005-JW-BX-0001 and 2009-IJ-CX-0072, awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The RAND Corporation conducted the national evaluation of the SSPA phase of the initiative in collaboration with the national evaluation team: OJJDP, the Safe Start Center, the Association for the Study and Development of Communities (ASDC), and the 15 program sites. The evaluation design involved three components: an outcomes evaluation; a process evaluation, including a cost analysis; and an evaluation of training. This document provides the results of the outcomes evaluation, supplemented from the previous version of this report after funding was made available to analyze additional data collected at four of the original 15 sites. In the main body of this report we provide information on the designs of the studies, instruments used, data collection and cleaning, analytic methods, and an overview of the results across the 15 sites. In the appendixes, we provide a detailed description of the outcome evaluation conducted at each SSPA program, including a description of the enrollees, enrollment and retention, the amount and type of services received, and child and family-level outcomes over time. These results will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, community leaders, and others interested in evaluating and implementing programs for children exposed to violence. This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE) and under RAND Health’s Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program. The mission of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. Safety and Justice Program research addresses occupational safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety—including violence, policing, corrections, substance abuse, and public integrity. Information about the Safety and Justice Program is available online (http://www.rand.org/ise/safety). RAND Health, a division within RAND, is one of the largest private health research groups in the world. The projects within RAND Health address a wide range of health care policy issues; the agenda emphasizes policy research that can improve the health of people around the world. This project was conducted within the RAND Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program (HPDP). RAND HPDP addresses issues related to measuring healthy and unhealthy behaviors, examining the distribution of health behaviors across population subgroups, identifying what causes or influences such behaviors, and designing and evaluating interventions to improve health behaviors. A profile of the Health division, abstracts of its publications, and ordering information can be found at www.rand.org/health. Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes Author: Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Schultz, Dana, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Setodji, Claude, Kofner, Aaron, Harris, Racine, Acosta, Joie D. Year: 2011 Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported by Grant Nos. 2005-JW-BX-0001 and 2009-IJ-CX-0072, awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The RAND Corporation conducted the national evaluation of the SSPA phase of the initiative in collaboration with the national evaluation team: OJJDP, the Safe Start Center, the Association for the Study and Development of Communities (ASDC), and the 15 program sites. The evaluation design involved three components: an outcomes evaluation; a process evaluation, including a cost analysis; and an evaluation of training. This document provides the results of the outcomes evaluation, supplemented from the previous version of this report after funding was made available to analyze additional data collected at four of the original 15 sites. In the main body of this report we provide information on the designs of the studies, instruments used, data collection and cleaning, analytic methods, and an overview of the results across the 15 sites. In the appendixes, we provide a detailed description of the outcome evaluation conducted at each SSPA program, including a description of the enrollees, enrollment and retention, the amount and type of services received, and child and family-level outcomes over time. These results will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, community leaders, and others interested in evaluating and implementing programs for children exposed to violence. This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE) and under RAND Health’s Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program. The mission of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. Safety and Justice Program research addresses occupational safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety—including violence, policing, corrections, substance abuse, and public integrity. Information about the Safety and Justice Program is available online (http://www.rand.org/ise/safety). RAND Health, a division within RAND, is one of the largest private health research groups in the world. The projects within RAND Health address a wide range of health care policy issues; the agenda emphasizes policy research that can improve the health of people around the world. This project was conducted within the RAND Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program (HPDP). RAND HPDP addresses issues related to measuring healthy and unhealthy behaviors, examining the distribution of health behaviors across population subgroups, identifying what causes or influences such behaviors, and designing and evaluating interventions to improve health behaviors. A profile of the Health division, abstracts of its publications, and ordering information can be found at www.rand.org/health. Close