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• 141. [Article] Fast and Adaptive Indexing of Multi-Dimensional Observational Data

  Sensing devices generate tremendous amounts of data each day, which include large quantities of multi-dimensional measurements. These data are expected to be immediately available for real-time analytics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fast and Adaptive Indexing of Multi-Dimensional Observational Data Author: Wang, Sheng, Maier, David, Ooi, Beng Chin Year: 2016 Sensing devices generate tremendous amounts of data each day, which include large quantities of multi-dimensional measurements. These data are expected to be immediately available for real-time analytics as they are streamed into storage. Such scenarios pose challenges to state-of-the-art indexing methods, as they must not only support efficient queries but also frequent updates. We propose here a novel indexing method that ingests multi-dimensional observational data in real time. This method primarily guarantees extremely high throughput for data ingestion, while it can be continuously refined in the background to improve query efficiency. Instead of representing collections of points using Minimal Bounding Boxes as in conventional indexes, we model sets of successive points as line segments in hyperspaces, by exploiting the intrinsic value continuity in observational data. This representation reduces the number of index entries and drastically reduces "over-coverage" by entries. Experimental results show that our approach handles real-world workloads gracefully, providing both low-overhead indexing and excellent query efficiency. Title: Fast and Adaptive Indexing of Multi-Dimensional Observational Data Author: Wang, Sheng, Maier, David, Ooi, Beng Chin Year: 2016 Sensing devices generate tremendous amounts of data each day, which include large quantities of multi-dimensional measurements. These data are expected to be immediately available for real-time analytics as they are streamed into storage. Such scenarios pose challenges to state-of-the-art indexing methods, as they must not only support efficient queries but also frequent updates. We propose here a novel indexing method that ingests multi-dimensional observational data in real time. This method primarily guarantees extremely high throughput for data ingestion, while it can be continuously refined in the background to improve query efficiency. Instead of representing collections of points using Minimal Bounding Boxes as in conventional indexes, we model sets of successive points as line segments in hyperspaces, by exploiting the intrinsic value continuity in observational data. This representation reduces the number of index entries and drastically reduces "over-coverage" by entries. Experimental results show that our approach handles real-world workloads gracefully, providing both low-overhead indexing and excellent query efficiency. Close

• 142. [Article] The effects of test result and diagnosticity on physicians' revisions of probability of disease in medical diagnosis

  This study examined the effects of sensitivity, specificity and result of diagnostic tests on the uses which physicians make of those results. These were compared with the Bayesian model of probability ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of test result and diagnosticity on physicians' revisions of probability of disease in medical diagnosis Author: Sinclair, Ann Elizabeth Year: 1987 This study examined the effects of sensitivity, specificity and result of diagnostic tests on the uses which physicians make of those results. These were compared with the Bayesian model of probability adjustment, which is generally accepted for medical diagnosis. Ninety six active members of the Oregon Academy of Family Physicians were interviewed by telephone, using a case scenario describing a patient with a newly discovered breast lump. Subjects estimated prior probability of malignancy, based on history and physical findings, and then estimated posterior probability following results of a mammogram. Mammograms varied by result (positive or negative) and by high and low values for sensitivity and specificity. Subjects were asked to indicate their confidence in each probability estimate. About one third of the subjects were also asked for their treatment threshold -- that point at which they would change from a policy of watchful waiting to one of taking some action, which was usually biopsy of the lesion. Title: The effects of test result and diagnosticity on physicians' revisions of probability of disease in medical diagnosis Author: Sinclair, Ann Elizabeth Year: 1987 This study examined the effects of sensitivity, specificity and result of diagnostic tests on the uses which physicians make of those results. These were compared with the Bayesian model of probability adjustment, which is generally accepted for medical diagnosis. Ninety six active members of the Oregon Academy of Family Physicians were interviewed by telephone, using a case scenario describing a patient with a newly discovered breast lump. Subjects estimated prior probability of malignancy, based on history and physical findings, and then estimated posterior probability following results of a mammogram. Mammograms varied by result (positive or negative) and by high and low values for sensitivity and specificity. Subjects were asked to indicate their confidence in each probability estimate. About one third of the subjects were also asked for their treatment threshold -- that point at which they would change from a policy of watchful waiting to one of taking some action, which was usually biopsy of the lesion. Close

• 143. [Article] The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter

  Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter Author: Fink, Jonathan H., Gault, Donald, Greeley, Ronald Year: 1984 Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as on gravity. Volume is reduced, and depth-to-diameter ratio is increased for cratering events in which viscosity plays a dominant role. In addition to being affected by target kinematic viscosity, viscous scaling is most strongly influenced by projectile diameter, less strongly by projectile velocity, and least strongly by gravity. In a Planetary context, viscols effects can occur for craters formed by small or slow moving impacting bodies, low planetary surface densities, high surface viscosities, and low gravity values; conditions all likely for certain impacts into the icy satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, especially if liquid mantles were still present beneath solid crusts. Age dating based on crater counts and size-frequency distributions for these icy bodies may have to be modified to account for the possibility that viscosity-dominated craters were initially smaller and deeper than their gravity-controlled counterparts. Title: The Effect of Viscosity on Impact Cratering and Possible Application to the Icy Satellites of Saturn and Jupiter Author: Fink, Jonathan H., Gault, Donald, Greeley, Ronald Year: 1984 Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as on gravity. Volume is reduced, and depth-to-diameter ratio is increased for cratering events in which viscosity plays a dominant role. In addition to being affected by target kinematic viscosity, viscous scaling is most strongly influenced by projectile diameter, less strongly by projectile velocity, and least strongly by gravity. In a Planetary context, viscols effects can occur for craters formed by small or slow moving impacting bodies, low planetary surface densities, high surface viscosities, and low gravity values; conditions all likely for certain impacts into the icy satellites of Saturn and Jupiter, especially if liquid mantles were still present beneath solid crusts. Age dating based on crater counts and size-frequency distributions for these icy bodies may have to be modified to account for the possibility that viscosity-dominated craters were initially smaller and deeper than their gravity-controlled counterparts. Close

• 144. [Article] Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts

  This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts Author: McElhone, Dot, Tilley, Teri Year: 2013 This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher met weekly to view, analyze, and discuss videos of reading instruction recorded in the teacher's fifthgrade classroom. The professional development sessions were framed as teacherdriven action research. This paper traces the evolution of the intensive professional development activity across one semester and describes the process by which the teacher-researcher appropriated practical and conceptual tools for facilitating class discussions of texts. Results highlight the value of positioning teachers as intellectually capable and honoring their agendas for professional development. Insights are offered regarding a model of professional development that can support teacher agency, address local problems of practice, and simultaneously leverage professional developer expertise to build both new practices and new concepts that can be used to solve novel problems. Title: Following the Teacher’s Lead in Professional Development to Improve Classroom Talk Around Texts Author: McElhone, Dot, Tilley, Teri Year: 2013 This study examines the process of teacher learning in the context of highly responsive, ongoing professional development centered on classroom talk around texts. A classroom teacher and a university researcher met weekly to view, analyze, and discuss videos of reading instruction recorded in the teacher's fifthgrade classroom. The professional development sessions were framed as teacherdriven action research. This paper traces the evolution of the intensive professional development activity across one semester and describes the process by which the teacher-researcher appropriated practical and conceptual tools for facilitating class discussions of texts. Results highlight the value of positioning teachers as intellectually capable and honoring their agendas for professional development. Insights are offered regarding a model of professional development that can support teacher agency, address local problems of practice, and simultaneously leverage professional developer expertise to build both new practices and new concepts that can be used to solve novel problems. Close

• 145. [Article] Gaining Ground: Wetlands, Hurricanes, and the Economy: The Value of Restoring the Mississippi River Delta

  This report shows conclusively that physical sustainability and delta expansion secures vast economic benefits locally and nationally. Within the context of the current financial crisis, investment in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gaining Ground: Wetlands, Hurricanes, and the Economy: The Value of Restoring the Mississippi River Delta Author: Batker, David, Torre, Isabel de, Costanza, Robert, Swedeen, Paula, Day, John W., Boumans, Roelof, Bagstad, Kenneth Year: 2010 This report shows conclusively that physical sustainability and delta expansion secures vast economic benefits locally and nationally. Within the context of the current financial crisis, investment in restoration secures short-term benefits of employment, income generation, greater ecosystem services and other economic benefits, and the long term goals of increased storm protection, greater oil and gas supply reliability and other economic benefits. A sustainable restoration of the Mississippi River Delta is a good investment with a high rate of return. Gaining ground is the most successful economic strategy for securing hurricane defenses and economic development. Title: Gaining Ground: Wetlands, Hurricanes, and the Economy: The Value of Restoring the Mississippi River Delta Author: Batker, David, Torre, Isabel de, Costanza, Robert, Swedeen, Paula, Day, John W., Boumans, Roelof, Bagstad, Kenneth Year: 2010 This report shows conclusively that physical sustainability and delta expansion secures vast economic benefits locally and nationally. Within the context of the current financial crisis, investment in restoration secures short-term benefits of employment, income generation, greater ecosystem services and other economic benefits, and the long term goals of increased storm protection, greater oil and gas supply reliability and other economic benefits. A sustainable restoration of the Mississippi River Delta is a good investment with a high rate of return. Gaining ground is the most successful economic strategy for securing hurricane defenses and economic development. Close

• 146. [Article] Transform method of processing for speckle strain-rate measurements

  We have developed a highly sensitive method for measuring thermal expansion, mechanical strain, and creep rates. We use the well-known technique of observing laser speckle with a pair of linear array cameras, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transform method of processing for speckle strain-rate measurements Author: Duncan, Donald D., Kirkpatrick, Sean J., Mark, F. Fausten, Hunter, Lawrence W. Year: 1994 We have developed a highly sensitive method for measuring thermal expansion, mechanical strain, and creep rates. We use the well-known technique of observing laser speckle with a pair of linear array cameras, but we employ a data-processing approach based on a two-dimensional transform of the speckle histories from each camera. This technique can effect large gauge sizes, which are important in the assessment of the spatial statistics of creep. Further, the algorithm provides simultaneous global estimates of the strain rates at both small- and large-scale sizes. This feature may be of value in the investigation of materials with different short- and long-range orders. General advantages of our technique are compact design, modest resolution requirements, insensitivity to slow surface microstructure changes (as seen with oxidation), and insensitivity to zero-mean-noise processes such as turbulence and vibration. Herein we detail the theory of our technique and the results of a number of experiments. Thesetests are intended to demonstrate the performance advantages and limitations of the transform method of processing speckle strain-rate data. Title: Transform method of processing for speckle strain-rate measurements Author: Duncan, Donald D., Kirkpatrick, Sean J., Mark, F. Fausten, Hunter, Lawrence W. Year: 1994 We have developed a highly sensitive method for measuring thermal expansion, mechanical strain, and creep rates. We use the well-known technique of observing laser speckle with a pair of linear array cameras, but we employ a data-processing approach based on a two-dimensional transform of the speckle histories from each camera. This technique can effect large gauge sizes, which are important in the assessment of the spatial statistics of creep. Further, the algorithm provides simultaneous global estimates of the strain rates at both small- and large-scale sizes. This feature may be of value in the investigation of materials with different short- and long-range orders. General advantages of our technique are compact design, modest resolution requirements, insensitivity to slow surface microstructure changes (as seen with oxidation), and insensitivity to zero-mean-noise processes such as turbulence and vibration. Herein we detail the theory of our technique and the results of a number of experiments. Thesetests are intended to demonstrate the performance advantages and limitations of the transform method of processing speckle strain-rate data. Close

• 147. [Article] Exact Graph Coloring for Functional Decomposition: Do We Need It?

  Finding column multiplicity index is one of important component processes in functional decomposition of discrete functions for circuit design and especially Data Mining applications. How important it ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exact Graph Coloring for Functional Decomposition: Do We Need It? Author: Perkowski, Marek, Malvi, Rahul, Jozwiak, Lech Year: 1998 Finding column multiplicity index is one of important component processes in functional decomposition of discrete functions for circuit design and especially Data Mining applications. How important it is to solve this problem exactly from the point of view of the minimum complexity of decomposition, and related to it error in Machine Learning type of applications? In order to investigate this problem we wrote two graph coloring programs: exact program EXOC and approximate program DOM (DOM cab give provably exact results on some types of graphs). These programs were next incorporated into the multi-valued decomposer of functions and relations NVGUD. Extensive testing of MVGUD with these programs has been performed on various kinds of data. Based on these tests we demonstrated that exact graph coloring is not necessary for high-quality functional decomposers, especially in Data Mining applications, giving thus another argument that efficient and effective Machine Learning approach based on decomposition is possible. Title: Exact Graph Coloring for Functional Decomposition: Do We Need It? Author: Perkowski, Marek, Malvi, Rahul, Jozwiak, Lech Year: 1998 Finding column multiplicity index is one of important component processes in functional decomposition of discrete functions for circuit design and especially Data Mining applications. How important it is to solve this problem exactly from the point of view of the minimum complexity of decomposition, and related to it error in Machine Learning type of applications? In order to investigate this problem we wrote two graph coloring programs: exact program EXOC and approximate program DOM (DOM cab give provably exact results on some types of graphs). These programs were next incorporated into the multi-valued decomposer of functions and relations NVGUD. Extensive testing of MVGUD with these programs has been performed on various kinds of data. Based on these tests we demonstrated that exact graph coloring is not necessary for high-quality functional decomposers, especially in Data Mining applications, giving thus another argument that efficient and effective Machine Learning approach based on decomposition is possible. Close

• 148. [Article] Oregon Natural Areas Plan

  The rich diversity of ecosystems and native plants and animals is one of Oregon's most distinctive and valued qualities. Our state contains rain forests, dry forests, oak woodlands, alpine meadows, prairies, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Natural Areas Plan Author: Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council Year: 2010 The rich diversity of ecosystems and native plants and animals is one of Oregon's most distinctive and valued qualities. Our state contains rain forests, dry forests, oak woodlands, alpine meadows, prairies, deserts, marshes, estuaries, dunes, rocky headlands, lakes and streams. There are a number of reasons it is so diverse. First are the extremes of climate, with rainfall ranging from over 200 inches a year along Oregon’s north coast, to less than 7 inches a year in the Alvord Desert, and temperatures from the very mild banana belt along the coast near the California border to the extremes of the high alpine areas of the Wallowa Mountains. Secondly, Oregon is diverse geographically and geologically, having ancient serpentine landscapes in the Siskiyou Mountains and recent volcanics in the Cascades and the deepest gorge in North America at Hells Canyon. Lastly, Oregon is a floristic crossroads, with arctic boreal species finding their southern limit, Rocky Mountain species common in northeastern Oregon, Great Basin species in southeastern Oregon, and California coastal and Sierra species in the southwest, all mixing with native northwestern taxa to create a wide array of habitats. Title: Oregon Natural Areas Plan Author: Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council Year: 2010 The rich diversity of ecosystems and native plants and animals is one of Oregon's most distinctive and valued qualities. Our state contains rain forests, dry forests, oak woodlands, alpine meadows, prairies, deserts, marshes, estuaries, dunes, rocky headlands, lakes and streams. There are a number of reasons it is so diverse. First are the extremes of climate, with rainfall ranging from over 200 inches a year along Oregon’s north coast, to less than 7 inches a year in the Alvord Desert, and temperatures from the very mild banana belt along the coast near the California border to the extremes of the high alpine areas of the Wallowa Mountains. Secondly, Oregon is diverse geographically and geologically, having ancient serpentine landscapes in the Siskiyou Mountains and recent volcanics in the Cascades and the deepest gorge in North America at Hells Canyon. Lastly, Oregon is a floristic crossroads, with arctic boreal species finding their southern limit, Rocky Mountain species common in northeastern Oregon, Great Basin species in southeastern Oregon, and California coastal and Sierra species in the southwest, all mixing with native northwestern taxa to create a wide array of habitats. Close

• 149. [Article] Dark Current Measurements in a CMOS Imager

  We present data for the dark current of a commercially available CMOS image sensor for different gain settings and bias offsets over the temperature range of 295 to 340 K and exposure times of 0 to 500 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dark Current Measurements in a CMOS Imager Author: Porter, William C., Kopp, Bradley, Dunlap, Justin Charles, Widenhorn, Ralf, Bodegom, Erik Year: 2008 We present data for the dark current of a commercially available CMOS image sensor for different gain settings and bias offsets over the temperature range of 295 to 340 K and exposure times of 0 to 500 ms. The analysis of hot pixels shows two different sources of dark current. One source results in hot pixels with high but constant count for exposure times smaller than the frame time. Other hot pixels exhibit a linear increase with exposure time. We discuss how these hot pixels can be used to calculate the dark current for all pixels. Finally, we show that for low bias settings with universally zero counts for the dark frame one still needs to correct for dark current. The correction of thermal noise can therefore result in dark frames with negative pixel values. We show how one can calculate dark frames with negative pixel count. Title: Dark Current Measurements in a CMOS Imager Author: Porter, William C., Kopp, Bradley, Dunlap, Justin Charles, Widenhorn, Ralf, Bodegom, Erik Year: 2008 We present data for the dark current of a commercially available CMOS image sensor for different gain settings and bias offsets over the temperature range of 295 to 340 K and exposure times of 0 to 500 ms. The analysis of hot pixels shows two different sources of dark current. One source results in hot pixels with high but constant count for exposure times smaller than the frame time. Other hot pixels exhibit a linear increase with exposure time. We discuss how these hot pixels can be used to calculate the dark current for all pixels. Finally, we show that for low bias settings with universally zero counts for the dark frame one still needs to correct for dark current. The correction of thermal noise can therefore result in dark frames with negative pixel values. We show how one can calculate dark frames with negative pixel count. Close

• 150. [Article] Affordable Housing for Public Benefit: a Comparison of Newly Constructed and Rehabilitated Developments in the North and Northeast Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon

  Rising property values and low vacancy rates have led to a high demand for affordable housing in Portland, Oregon. In order to fulfill this need, a strategy that considers development cost and potential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Affordable Housing for Public Benefit: a Comparison of Newly Constructed and Rehabilitated Developments in the North and Northeast Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon Author: Matijascic, Sara Year: 2014 Rising property values and low vacancy rates have led to a high demand for affordable housing in Portland, Oregon. In order to fulfill this need, a strategy that considers development cost and potential benefits of affordable housing to the public must be put into place. In this report, I compare development cost and public benefit of two housing creation methods – new construction and rehabilitation – to determine ways to increase economic feasibility, as well as positive externalities of the development process. This inquiry is tested using a public benefit survey that was distributed to housing professionals working in Portland, Oregon. The results of the survey were then applied to four case studies developed in North and Northeast Portland, between 2005 and 2013, by a local community development corporation, Portland Community Reinvestment Initiatives, Inc. The results of this report contribute to the larger goal of creating a comprehensive affordable housing plan for Portland, Oregon, which emphasizes that anyone and everyone in Portland stands to gain from the provision of housing for all. Title: Affordable Housing for Public Benefit: a Comparison of Newly Constructed and Rehabilitated Developments in the North and Northeast Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon Author: Matijascic, Sara Year: 2014 Rising property values and low vacancy rates have led to a high demand for affordable housing in Portland, Oregon. In order to fulfill this need, a strategy that considers development cost and potential benefits of affordable housing to the public must be put into place. In this report, I compare development cost and public benefit of two housing creation methods – new construction and rehabilitation – to determine ways to increase economic feasibility, as well as positive externalities of the development process. This inquiry is tested using a public benefit survey that was distributed to housing professionals working in Portland, Oregon. The results of the survey were then applied to four case studies developed in North and Northeast Portland, between 2005 and 2013, by a local community development corporation, Portland Community Reinvestment Initiatives, Inc. The results of this report contribute to the larger goal of creating a comprehensive affordable housing plan for Portland, Oregon, which emphasizes that anyone and everyone in Portland stands to gain from the provision of housing for all. Close