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• 161. [Image] Water quality conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2005

  	Agency Lakes. Oregon. 2005 M.Wood By Gene R. Hoilman, Mary K. Lindenberg, and Tamara Abstract During June-October 2005, water quality data were collected from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes In Oregon, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water quality conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2005 Author: Hoilman, Gene R Year: 2008 Agency Lakes. Oregon. 2005 M.Wood By Gene R. Hoilman, Mary K. Lindenberg, and Tamara Abstract During June-October 2005, water quality data were collected from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes In Oregon, and meteorological data were collected around and within Upper Klamath Lake. Data recorded at two continuous water quality monitors In Agency Lake showed similar temperature patterns throughout the field season, but data recorded at the northern site showed more day-to-day variability for dissolved oxygen concentration and saturation after late June and more day-to-day variability for pH and specific conductance values after mid-July. Data recorded from the northern and southern parts of Agency Lake showed more comparable day-to-day variability in dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH from September through the end of the monitoring period. For Upper Klamath Lake, seasonal (late July through early August) lows of dissolved oxygen concentrations and saturation were coincident with a seasonal low of pH values and seasonal highs of ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations, specific conductance values, and water temperatures. Patterns in these parameters, excluding water temperature, were associated with bloom dynamics of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Aphanizomenonflos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake. In Upper Klamath Lake, water temperature in excess of 28 degrees Celsius (a high stress threshold for Upper Klamath Lake suckers) was recorded only once at one site during the field season. Large areas of Upper Klamath Lake had periods of dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 4 milligrams per liter and pH value greater than 9.7, but these conditions were not persistent throughout days at most sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in Upper Klamath Lake on time scales of days and months appeared to be influenced, in part, by bathymetry and prevailing current flow patterns. Diel patterns of water column stratification were evident, even at the deepest sites. This diel pattern of stratification was attributable to diel wind speed patterns and the shallow nature of most of Upper Klamath Lake. Timing of the daily extreme values of dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and water temperature was less distinct with increased water column depth. Chlorophyll a concentrations varied spatially and temporally throughout Upper Klamath Lake. Location greatly affected algal concentrations, in turn affecting nutrient and dissolved oxygen concentrations—some of the highest chlorophyll a concentrations were associated with the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations and the highest un-ionized ammonia concentrations. The occurrence of the low dissolved oxygen and high un-ionized ammonia concentrations coincided with a decline in algae resulting from cell death, as rn.easu.red by concentrations of chlorophyll a. Dissolved oxygen production, rates in. experim.en.ts were as high as 1.47 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour, and consumption rates were as much as -0.73 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour. Dissolved oxygen, consumption rates measured in. this study were comparable to those measured in a 2002 Upper Klamath Lake study, and a higher rate of dissolved oxygen consumption was recorded in. dark bottles positioned higher in the water column. Data, though, inconclusive, indicated that a decreasing trend of dissolved oxygen productivity through July could have contributed to the decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent saturation recorded in Upper Klamath Lake during this time. Phytoplankton self-shading was evident from, a general inverse relation between depth of photic zone and chlorophyll a concentrations. This shading caused net dissolved oxygen consumption during daylight hours in lower parts of the water column that would otherwise have been in the photic zone. Meteorological data collected in and around Upper Klamath Lake showed that winds were likely to come from a broad range of westerly directions in the northern one-third of the lake, but tended to come from a narrow range of northwesterly directions over the main body of the lake farther south. Title: Water quality conditions in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2005 Author: Hoilman, Gene R Year: 2008 Agency Lakes. Oregon. 2005 M.Wood By Gene R. Hoilman, Mary K. Lindenberg, and Tamara Abstract During June-October 2005, water quality data were collected from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes In Oregon, and meteorological data were collected around and within Upper Klamath Lake. Data recorded at two continuous water quality monitors In Agency Lake showed similar temperature patterns throughout the field season, but data recorded at the northern site showed more day-to-day variability for dissolved oxygen concentration and saturation after late June and more day-to-day variability for pH and specific conductance values after mid-July. Data recorded from the northern and southern parts of Agency Lake showed more comparable day-to-day variability in dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH from September through the end of the monitoring period. For Upper Klamath Lake, seasonal (late July through early August) lows of dissolved oxygen concentrations and saturation were coincident with a seasonal low of pH values and seasonal highs of ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations, specific conductance values, and water temperatures. Patterns in these parameters, excluding water temperature, were associated with bloom dynamics of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Aphanizomenonflos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake. In Upper Klamath Lake, water temperature in excess of 28 degrees Celsius (a high stress threshold for Upper Klamath Lake suckers) was recorded only once at one site during the field season. Large areas of Upper Klamath Lake had periods of dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 4 milligrams per liter and pH value greater than 9.7, but these conditions were not persistent throughout days at most sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in Upper Klamath Lake on time scales of days and months appeared to be influenced, in part, by bathymetry and prevailing current flow patterns. Diel patterns of water column stratification were evident, even at the deepest sites. This diel pattern of stratification was attributable to diel wind speed patterns and the shallow nature of most of Upper Klamath Lake. Timing of the daily extreme values of dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and water temperature was less distinct with increased water column depth. Chlorophyll a concentrations varied spatially and temporally throughout Upper Klamath Lake. Location greatly affected algal concentrations, in turn affecting nutrient and dissolved oxygen concentrations—some of the highest chlorophyll a concentrations were associated with the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations and the highest un-ionized ammonia concentrations. The occurrence of the low dissolved oxygen and high un-ionized ammonia concentrations coincided with a decline in algae resulting from cell death, as rn.easu.red by concentrations of chlorophyll a. Dissolved oxygen production, rates in. experim.en.ts were as high as 1.47 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour, and consumption rates were as much as -0.73 milligrams of oxygen per liter per hour. Dissolved oxygen, consumption rates measured in. this study were comparable to those measured in a 2002 Upper Klamath Lake study, and a higher rate of dissolved oxygen consumption was recorded in. dark bottles positioned higher in the water column. Data, though, inconclusive, indicated that a decreasing trend of dissolved oxygen productivity through July could have contributed to the decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent saturation recorded in Upper Klamath Lake during this time. Phytoplankton self-shading was evident from, a general inverse relation between depth of photic zone and chlorophyll a concentrations. This shading caused net dissolved oxygen consumption during daylight hours in lower parts of the water column that would otherwise have been in the photic zone. Meteorological data collected in and around Upper Klamath Lake showed that winds were likely to come from a broad range of westerly directions in the northern one-third of the lake, but tended to come from a narrow range of northwesterly directions over the main body of the lake farther south. Close

• 162. [Image] Geothermal Exploration of the Parbati Valley Geothermal Field, Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India

  	The Parbati Valley Geothermal Field is divided into five sectors and out of these a geothermal exploration program has been launched in two sectors - Manikaran and Kasol. This field lies to southwest of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Parbati Valley Geothermal Field, Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India Author: Jangi, B.L. The Parbati Valley Geothermal Field is divided into five sectors and out of these a geothermal exploration program has been launched in two sectors - Manikaran and Kasol. This field lies to southwest of the Central Crystalline axis where profuse igneous activity has taken place during Tertiary Times. This activity appears to be the main source of heat supply to the field, although contribution of some-heat through radioactive disintegration can not be ruled out. A tear fault with one kilometre displacement, picked up in the Parbati Valley, and fractures related to it may be providing the ultimate major channels for the upward movement of the hot fluids while joints in the country rock serve as immediate channels for these fluids. Spontaneous polarisation and resistivity geophysical surveys pointed to the presence of some significant zones of thermal activity and possible shallow sub-surface channels for movement of thermal fluids at Manikaran whereas resistivity surveys pointed to the existence of shallow hot zone at Kasol. Surface manifestations of thermal activity at Manikaran and Kasol are in the form of hot springs recording temperatures from 37 C to 96 C. The base temperatures of thermal fluids of Manikaran sector as calculated from Na-K-Ca and silica thermometry comes to 197 to 203 C and 131 to 138 C respectively. The average geothermal gradients in the drill holes at Manikaran vary from .0.12 C/m to .14 C/m in the depth range 0-76 m. and at Kasol from +0.16 C to +1.25 C/m in the depth ranges of 0 to 40 m. Beyond these depths reversal of gradients is noticed Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Parbati Valley Geothermal Field, Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India Author: Jangi, B.L. The Parbati Valley Geothermal Field is divided into five sectors and out of these a geothermal exploration program has been launched in two sectors - Manikaran and Kasol. This field lies to southwest of the Central Crystalline axis where profuse igneous activity has taken place during Tertiary Times. This activity appears to be the main source of heat supply to the field, although contribution of some-heat through radioactive disintegration can not be ruled out. A tear fault with one kilometre displacement, picked up in the Parbati Valley, and fractures related to it may be providing the ultimate major channels for the upward movement of the hot fluids while joints in the country rock serve as immediate channels for these fluids. Spontaneous polarisation and resistivity geophysical surveys pointed to the presence of some significant zones of thermal activity and possible shallow sub-surface channels for movement of thermal fluids at Manikaran whereas resistivity surveys pointed to the existence of shallow hot zone at Kasol. Surface manifestations of thermal activity at Manikaran and Kasol are in the form of hot springs recording temperatures from 37 C to 96 C. The base temperatures of thermal fluids of Manikaran sector as calculated from Na-K-Ca and silica thermometry comes to 197 to 203 C and 131 to 138 C respectively. The average geothermal gradients in the drill holes at Manikaran vary from .0.12 C/m to .14 C/m in the depth range 0-76 m. and at Kasol from +0.16 C to +1.25 C/m in the depth ranges of 0 to 40 m. Beyond these depths reversal of gradients is noticed Close

• 163. [Image] Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report

  	The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1976 The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. In order to develop and illustrate the concepts involved, the reservoir and site conditions of the geothermal field near Heber, California, which has moderate-temperature low-salinity brine, were used for one of the power plants. The conditions of the field near Niland, California (or the Salton Sea Geothermal Field), which has high-temperature high-salinity brine, were used for the other plant. Both fields are located in the Imperial Valley in Southern California. The two plants give perspective on plant design and capital costs for the range of hydrothermal resources that are of economic interest for electric power generation Title: Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1976 The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. In order to develop and illustrate the concepts involved, the reservoir and site conditions of the geothermal field near Heber, California, which has moderate-temperature low-salinity brine, were used for one of the power plants. The conditions of the field near Niland, California (or the Salton Sea Geothermal Field), which has high-temperature high-salinity brine, were used for the other plant. Both fields are located in the Imperial Valley in Southern California. The two plants give perspective on plant design and capital costs for the range of hydrothermal resources that are of economic interest for electric power generation Close

• 164. [Image] Geologic Characteristics of a Portion of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field

  	The examination of drill cuttings and core samples from the Magmamax Nos. 2 and 3 and Woolsey No. 1 wells indicate that the sequence of sedimentary rocks in the Salton Sea geothermal field from the surface ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic Characteristics of a Portion of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field Author: Tewhey; J.D. Year: 1977 The examination of drill cuttings and core samples from the Magmamax Nos. 2 and 3 and Woolsey No. 1 wells indicate that the sequence of sedimentary rocks in the Salton Sea geothermal field from the surface to below 4000 ft can be divided into three categories Title: Geologic Characteristics of a Portion of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field Author: Tewhey; J.D. Year: 1977 The examination of drill cuttings and core samples from the Magmamax Nos. 2 and 3 and Woolsey No. 1 wells indicate that the sequence of sedimentary rocks in the Salton Sea geothermal field from the surface to below 4000 ft can be divided into three categories Close

• 165. [Image] Linear Polarization Measurements at High Temperatures in Hypersaline Geothermal Brines

  	The Bureau of Mines conducted a series of in situ linear polarization measurements in high-temperature, high-pressure hypersaline geothermal brines at the Bureau of Mines Geothermal Test Facility in the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Linear Polarization Measurements at High Temperatures in Hypersaline Geothermal Brines Author: Cramer, S.D. Year: 1978 The Bureau of Mines conducted a series of in situ linear polarization measurements in high-temperature, high-pressure hypersaline geothermal brines at the Bureau of Mines Geothermal Test Facility in the Imperial Valley of California. The measurements represented an evaluation of the linear polarization technique for obtaining instantaneous corrosion rates of materials of construction in flowing hypersaline hydrothermal fluids that rapidly form scales on exposed surfaces. A special method was devised for use with the linear polarization technique that resulted in obtaining corrosion rates for 1020 carbon steel, 316 and 430 stainless steel, titanium, various nickel-based alloys, and aluminum 6061 under strong scale-forming conditions. The measurements also provided information on scale-deposition rates in various geothermal environments. Exploratory in situ potentiostatic polarization measurements were made in the flowing brines to qualitatively determine scale-deposition effects on the electrochemical measurements Title: Linear Polarization Measurements at High Temperatures in Hypersaline Geothermal Brines Author: Cramer, S.D. Year: 1978 The Bureau of Mines conducted a series of in situ linear polarization measurements in high-temperature, high-pressure hypersaline geothermal brines at the Bureau of Mines Geothermal Test Facility in the Imperial Valley of California. The measurements represented an evaluation of the linear polarization technique for obtaining instantaneous corrosion rates of materials of construction in flowing hypersaline hydrothermal fluids that rapidly form scales on exposed surfaces. A special method was devised for use with the linear polarization technique that resulted in obtaining corrosion rates for 1020 carbon steel, 316 and 430 stainless steel, titanium, various nickel-based alloys, and aluminum 6061 under strong scale-forming conditions. The measurements also provided information on scale-deposition rates in various geothermal environments. Exploratory in situ potentiostatic polarization measurements were made in the flowing brines to qualitatively determine scale-deposition effects on the electrochemical measurements Close

• 166. [Image] Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment

  	This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment Author: Wollenberg, H.A. Year: 1975 This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern Nevada comprise a systematic integrated program of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical measurements, necessary to specify a drilling program encompassing heat flow holes, deep calibration holes, and ultimately, deep test wells. The status of Nevada field activities is described. The areas under study are in a region characterized by high heat flow where temperatures at depth in some geothermal systems exceed 180 C. Areas presently being examined include Beowawe Hot Springs in Whirlwind Valley. Buffalo Valley Hot Springs, Leach Hot Springs in Grass Valley, and Kyle Hot Springs in Buena Vista Valley. Geologic studies encompass detailed examinations of structure and lithology to establish the geologic framework of the areas. The geothermal occurrences are characterized by zones of intense fault intersection, which furnish permeable channelways for the introduction of meteoric water into regions of high temperature at depth Title: Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment Author: Wollenberg, H.A. Year: 1975 This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern Nevada comprise a systematic integrated program of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical measurements, necessary to specify a drilling program encompassing heat flow holes, deep calibration holes, and ultimately, deep test wells. The status of Nevada field activities is described. The areas under study are in a region characterized by high heat flow where temperatures at depth in some geothermal systems exceed 180 C. Areas presently being examined include Beowawe Hot Springs in Whirlwind Valley. Buffalo Valley Hot Springs, Leach Hot Springs in Grass Valley, and Kyle Hot Springs in Buena Vista Valley. Geologic studies encompass detailed examinations of structure and lithology to establish the geologic framework of the areas. The geothermal occurrences are characterized by zones of intense fault intersection, which furnish permeable channelways for the introduction of meteoric water into regions of high temperature at depth Close

• 167. [Image] Thermal Gradient and Heat Flow Drilling, Volume 5, Final Report

  	During the summer of 1975, the Department of Geology and Geophysics drilled nine drill thermal gradient/heat flow holes. Total footage drilled was 2125 feet. Seven holes were drilled with a Mayhew 1000 ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thermal Gradient and Heat Flow Drilling, Volume 5, Final Report Author: Whelan, J.A. Year: 1977 During the summer of 1975, the Department of Geology and Geophysics drilled nine drill thermal gradient/heat flow holes. Total footage drilled was 2125 feet. Seven holes were drilled with a Mayhew 1000 drill using various combinations of down the hole hammer drilling, rotary drilling, and NX diamond core drilling. Three of these were heat flow holes--one in the Mineral Range, one in the Tushar Range near Beaver, Utah, and one near Monroe, Utah. Two were alteration study holes in the Roosevelt KGRA and two were temperature gradient holes, in alluvium in the Roosevelt KGRA. The average depth of the holes drilled with the Mayhew 1000 drill was 247 feet. Holes ranged from 135 feet to 492 feet. Cost per foot averaged $18.53. Two holes were core drilled with a Joy 12, BX-size drill. One was to 75 feet, in perlite. This hole was abandoned. The other was to 323 feet in granite. These holes averaged $13.82 per foot. Permission to drill was obtained from BLM and drill sites were inspected with BLM personnel to avoid disturbing archeological sites. Sites were reseeded where disturbed. Holes were completed by setting capped one-inch black iron pipe, backfilling the hole with cuttings to 10 feet from surface and cementing to the surface Title: Thermal Gradient and Heat Flow Drilling, Volume 5, Final Report Author: Whelan, J.A. Year: 1977 During the summer of 1975, the Department of Geology and Geophysics drilled nine drill thermal gradient/heat flow holes. Total footage drilled was 2125 feet. Seven holes were drilled with a Mayhew 1000 drill using various combinations of down the hole hammer drilling, rotary drilling, and NX diamond core drilling. Three of these were heat flow holes--one in the Mineral Range, one in the Tushar Range near Beaver, Utah, and one near Monroe, Utah. Two were alteration study holes in the Roosevelt KGRA and two were temperature gradient holes, in alluvium in the Roosevelt KGRA. The average depth of the holes drilled with the Mayhew 1000 drill was 247 feet. Holes ranged from 135 feet to 492 feet. Cost per foot averaged $18.53. Two holes were core drilled with a Joy 12, BX-size drill. One was to 75 feet, in perlite. This hole was abandoned. The other was to 323 feet in granite. These holes averaged $13.82 per foot. Permission to drill was obtained from BLM and drill sites were inspected with BLM personnel to avoid disturbing archeological sites. Sites were reseeded where disturbed. Holes were completed by setting capped one-inch black iron pipe, backfilling the hole with cuttings to 10 feet from surface and cementing to the surface Close

• 168. [Image] Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management

  	A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management Author: Allen, E.M. Year: 1980 A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance contains provisions for: community geothermal development and utilization policies; a municipal geothermal district heating service; reservoir monitoring and management procedures and authorization for private geothermal heating services. The ordinance's "preliminary" nature is due to two pending legal issues on the state level: first, a revision of thermal ground water Administrative Rules is being prepared by the Oregon Water Resources Department; and second, the Oregon Governor and Legislature are considering an Alternate Energy Development Commission recommendation to develop a program whereby geothermal heating districts will be involved in the cooperative management of local thermal ground water reservoirs with the Oregon Water Resources Department. However, neither matter is expected to be finalized until 1981. Both geothermal fluids and ground water are cited jointly throughout the ordinance because of the legal definition of low to moderate temperature fluids as ground water, and the potential for the Klamath Falls community to encounter high temperature resources defined as geothermal fluids. Appendices in this report include the Oregon statutes cited in the model ordinance, and also draft geothermal overlay zoning for inclusion in the Klamath Falls Community Development Ordinance Title: Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management Author: Allen, E.M. Year: 1980 A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance contains provisions for: community geothermal development and utilization policies; a municipal geothermal district heating service; reservoir monitoring and management procedures and authorization for private geothermal heating services. The ordinance's "preliminary" nature is due to two pending legal issues on the state level: first, a revision of thermal ground water Administrative Rules is being prepared by the Oregon Water Resources Department; and second, the Oregon Governor and Legislature are considering an Alternate Energy Development Commission recommendation to develop a program whereby geothermal heating districts will be involved in the cooperative management of local thermal ground water reservoirs with the Oregon Water Resources Department. However, neither matter is expected to be finalized until 1981. Both geothermal fluids and ground water are cited jointly throughout the ordinance because of the legal definition of low to moderate temperature fluids as ground water, and the potential for the Klamath Falls community to encounter high temperature resources defined as geothermal fluids. Appendices in this report include the Oregon statutes cited in the model ordinance, and also draft geothermal overlay zoning for inclusion in the Klamath Falls Community Development Ordinance Close

• 169. [Image] Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979

  	The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1979 The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung summarizes estimated and measured temperatures at the base of the Atlantic coastal plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina based on geothermal gradients measured in 66 holes. The gradients range from 16 to 50 C/km. Basement surface temperatures at several locations are estimated to be above an economically useful 40C; the highest is 91C. From this information, the most promising and best documented area for development of geothermal energy chosen by the authors is the Delmarva peninsula near Crisfield, MD. This is the location of the first deep geothermal test well on the East coast which is to be drilled within a month Title: Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1979 The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung summarizes estimated and measured temperatures at the base of the Atlantic coastal plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina based on geothermal gradients measured in 66 holes. The gradients range from 16 to 50 C/km. Basement surface temperatures at several locations are estimated to be above an economically useful 40C; the highest is 91C. From this information, the most promising and best documented area for development of geothermal energy chosen by the authors is the Delmarva peninsula near Crisfield, MD. This is the location of the first deep geothermal test well on the East coast which is to be drilled within a month Close

• 170. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976

  	The results of heat flow determinations and a reconnaissance dipole electrical resistivity survey in Bath County are described. A geologic map was compiled based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1976 The results of heat flow determinations and a reconnaissance dipole electrical resistivity survey in Bath County are described. A geologic map was compiled based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance geologic mapping in areas where published maps were not available. A regional bipole--dipole electrical resistivity survey was made in order to detect the presence of resistivity lows that might be associated with a geothermal system at depth. A single hole was drilled to a depth of approximately 300 m (approx. 1000 feet) to obtain a heat flow value that is representative of the area. The data were used to attempt to arrive at a model that unambiguously explains the origin of the thermal springs Title: Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1976 The results of heat flow determinations and a reconnaissance dipole electrical resistivity survey in Bath County are described. A geologic map was compiled based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance geologic mapping in areas where published maps were not available. A regional bipole--dipole electrical resistivity survey was made in order to detect the presence of resistivity lows that might be associated with a geothermal system at depth. A single hole was drilled to a depth of approximately 300 m (approx. 1000 feet) to obtain a heat flow value that is representative of the area. The data were used to attempt to arrive at a model that unambiguously explains the origin of the thermal springs Close