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• 91. [Image] Klamath Christian Center Heating System

  	On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Close

• 92. [Image] Temperatures in Crater Lake during the summer of 1937

  	ill.; Draft report title; Alternate title was scratched through on this draft copy
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperatures in Crater Lake during the summer of 1937 Author: Hassler, Arthur D. Year: 1937, 2008, 2009 ill.; Draft report title; Alternate title was scratched through on this draft copy Title: Temperatures in Crater Lake during the summer of 1937 Author: Hassler, Arthur D. Year: 1937, 2008, 2009 ill.; Draft report title; Alternate title was scratched through on this draft copy Close

• 93. [Image] Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999

  	The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Close

• 94. [Image] The 1980-1982 Geothermal Resource Assessment Program in Washington

  	Since 1978, the Division of Geology and Earth Resources of the Washington Department of Natural Resources has participated in the U.S. Department of Energy's (USDOE) StateCoupled Geothermal Resource Program. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The 1980-1982 Geothermal Resource Assessment Program in Washington Author: Korosec, M. A. Year: 1983 Since 1978, the Division of Geology and Earth Resources of the Washington Department of Natural Resources has participated in the U.S. Department of Energy's (USDOE) StateCoupled Geothermal Resource Program. Federal and state funds have been used to investigate and evaluate the potential for geothermal resources, on both a reconnaissance and area-specific level. Preliminary results and progress reports for the period up through mid-1980 have already been released as a Division Open File Report (Korosec, Schuster, and others, 1981). Preliminary results and progress summaries of work carried out from mid-1980 through the end of 1982 are presented in this report Title: The 1980-1982 Geothermal Resource Assessment Program in Washington Author: Korosec, M. A. Year: 1983 Since 1978, the Division of Geology and Earth Resources of the Washington Department of Natural Resources has participated in the U.S. Department of Energy's (USDOE) StateCoupled Geothermal Resource Program. Federal and state funds have been used to investigate and evaluate the potential for geothermal resources, on both a reconnaissance and area-specific level. Preliminary results and progress reports for the period up through mid-1980 have already been released as a Division Open File Report (Korosec, Schuster, and others, 1981). Preliminary results and progress summaries of work carried out from mid-1980 through the end of 1982 are presented in this report Close

• 95. [Image] An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado

  	A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado Author: Nannen, L. W. Year: 1975 A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat buildings exists and that the cost of heat will be between $ 2 and 5 per million Btu delivered. Although geothermal heating is more expensive than heating with natural gas at current prices, it is considerably less expensive than heating by means of current solar thermal conversion methods. It is, therefore, recommended that an exploratory well be drilled in a place such as Glenwood Springs, Colorado, to define the thermal, chemical, and geological characteristics of a geothermal source in detail as a first step toward utilization of geothermal energy on a commercial scale in Colorado Title: An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado Author: Nannen, L. W. Year: 1975 A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat buildings exists and that the cost of heat will be between $ 2 and 5 per million Btu delivered. Although geothermal heating is more expensive than heating with natural gas at current prices, it is considerably less expensive than heating by means of current solar thermal conversion methods. It is, therefore, recommended that an exploratory well be drilled in a place such as Glenwood Springs, Colorado, to define the thermal, chemical, and geological characteristics of a geothermal source in detail as a first step toward utilization of geothermal energy on a commercial scale in Colorado Close

• 96. [Image] Heat Flow of Oregon

  	An extensive new heat flow and geothermal gradient data set for the State of Oregon is presented on a contour map of heat flow at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and is summarized in several figures and tables. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Heat Flow of Oregon Author: Blackwell, D.D. Year: 1978 An extensive new heat flow and geothermal gradient data set for the State of Oregon is presented on a contour map of heat flow at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and is summarized in several figures and tables. The 1:1,000,000 scale heat flow map is contoured at 20 mW/m/sup 2/ (0.5 HFU) intervals. Also presented are maps of heat flow and temperature at a depth of 1 km averaged for 1/sup 0/ x 1/sup 0/ intervals. Histograms and averages of geothermal gradient and heat flow for the State of Oregon and for the various physiographic provinces within Oregon are also included. The unweighted mean flow for Oregon is 81.3 +- 2.7 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.94 +- 0.06 HFU). The average unweighted geothermal gradient is 65.3 +- 2.5/sup 0/C/km. The average heat flow value weighted on the basis of geographic area is 68 +- 5 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.63 +- 0.12 HFU) and the average weighted geothermal gradient is 55.0 +- 5/sup 0/C/km Title: Heat Flow of Oregon Author: Blackwell, D.D. Year: 1978 An extensive new heat flow and geothermal gradient data set for the State of Oregon is presented on a contour map of heat flow at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and is summarized in several figures and tables. The 1:1,000,000 scale heat flow map is contoured at 20 mW/m/sup 2/ (0.5 HFU) intervals. Also presented are maps of heat flow and temperature at a depth of 1 km averaged for 1/sup 0/ x 1/sup 0/ intervals. Histograms and averages of geothermal gradient and heat flow for the State of Oregon and for the various physiographic provinces within Oregon are also included. The unweighted mean flow for Oregon is 81.3 +- 2.7 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.94 +- 0.06 HFU). The average unweighted geothermal gradient is 65.3 +- 2.5/sup 0/C/km. The average heat flow value weighted on the basis of geographic area is 68 +- 5 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.63 +- 0.12 HFU) and the average weighted geothermal gradient is 55.0 +- 5/sup 0/C/km Close

• 97. [Image] Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13

  	Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13 Author: Hannah, J.L. Year: 1975 Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that have development potential are described, and applications of the heat found in each area are suggested. Plates are included of the following field study areas: the east side of the Sierra-Cascade Range north of Bishop, and the northern Coast Range from San Francisco Bay to Clear Lake. The counties included in the study area are Mo doc, Lassen, Sierra, Plumas, Placer, Alpine, Mono, Mendocino, Lake, and Sonoma. (LBS) Title: Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13 Author: Hannah, J.L. Year: 1975 Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that have development potential are described, and applications of the heat found in each area are suggested. Plates are included of the following field study areas: the east side of the Sierra-Cascade Range north of Bishop, and the northern Coast Range from San Francisco Bay to Clear Lake. The counties included in the study area are Mo doc, Lassen, Sierra, Plumas, Placer, Alpine, Mono, Mendocino, Lake, and Sonoma. (LBS) Close

• 98. [Image] Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah

  	The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Close

• 99. [Image] Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979

  	The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979 Author: Trexler, D.T Year: 1979 The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their potential for direct non-electric utilization. The investigation consisted of these six tasks: edit and verify existing USGS GEOTHERM file for springs and wells in Nevada; supplement GEOTHERM file with NBMG data; digitize the location of springs and wells on 1:250,000 scale maps of Nevada; update water chemistry by sampling areas devoid of data; field check springs and wells designated as hot or warm; and prepare a 1:500,000 scale map of Nevada that evaluates geothermal resource areas of potential for direct use. This report described the completed tasks, delineates problems encountered, and presents additional miscellaneous information that augments the investigation. The information shown on the accompanying map can be divided into two categories: spot data and regional assessment (or potential evaluation). Specific geochemical information, such as temperature, pH, and chemical species, is represented by approximately 300 circle and diamond-shaped symbols. Thirty-seven larger regions were evaluated for their potential for direct-use on the basis of a numerical technique, which is fully described in this report. An additional 15 sites were designated as areas that may provide a basis for investigations, but that lack sufficient data for a detailed potential evaluation at this time. ; NVO-01556-1 Title: Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979 Author: Trexler, D.T Year: 1979 The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their potential for direct non-electric utilization. The investigation consisted of these six tasks: edit and verify existing USGS GEOTHERM file for springs and wells in Nevada; supplement GEOTHERM file with NBMG data; digitize the location of springs and wells on 1:250,000 scale maps of Nevada; update water chemistry by sampling areas devoid of data; field check springs and wells designated as hot or warm; and prepare a 1:500,000 scale map of Nevada that evaluates geothermal resource areas of potential for direct use. This report described the completed tasks, delineates problems encountered, and presents additional miscellaneous information that augments the investigation. The information shown on the accompanying map can be divided into two categories: spot data and regional assessment (or potential evaluation). Specific geochemical information, such as temperature, pH, and chemical species, is represented by approximately 300 circle and diamond-shaped symbols. Thirty-seven larger regions were evaluated for their potential for direct-use on the basis of a numerical technique, which is fully described in this report. An additional 15 sites were designated as areas that may provide a basis for investigations, but that lack sufficient data for a detailed potential evaluation at this time. ; NVO-01556-1 Close

• 100. [Image] Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980

  	The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980 Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing conditions were created by injecting oxygen; the greatest reducing conditions, by using hydrogen. The sulfur system (H/sub 2/S, HS/sup -/, S/sup 2/) was not examined at this time, but future work will include this system since it is an important component of the geothermal brine. Both a platinized platinum (Pt-Pt) and a bare platinum (Pt-foil) electrode respond to the redox environment. The response does not appear to indicate thermodynamic equilibrium with the chemical environment; instead a mixed potential response is indicated. The difference in potential between a strong oxidizing environment (0.4-ppM O/sub 2/) and a strong reducing environment (0.5-atm H/sub 2/) is typically > 1 volt at all temperatures. The magnitude of this response makes the platinum electrode a suitable sensor for continuous monitoring of the geothermal environment for oxygen intrusions. The platinized platinum redox electrode is superior to the bare platinum electrode; PNL-3377 Title: Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980 Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing conditions were created by injecting oxygen; the greatest reducing conditions, by using hydrogen. The sulfur system (H/sub 2/S, HS/sup -/, S/sup 2/) was not examined at this time, but future work will include this system since it is an important component of the geothermal brine. Both a platinized platinum (Pt-Pt) and a bare platinum (Pt-foil) electrode respond to the redox environment. The response does not appear to indicate thermodynamic equilibrium with the chemical environment; instead a mixed potential response is indicated. The difference in potential between a strong oxidizing environment (0.4-ppM O/sub 2/) and a strong reducing environment (0.5-atm H/sub 2/) is typically > 1 volt at all temperatures. The magnitude of this response makes the platinum electrode a suitable sensor for continuous monitoring of the geothermal environment for oxygen intrusions. The platinized platinum redox electrode is superior to the bare platinum electrode; PNL-3377 Close