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• 81. [Article] Soil community dynamics in sagebrush and cheatgrass-invaded ecosystems of the northern Great Basin

  Sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the Great Basin have become increasingly threatened by the proliferation of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), an invasive annual grass. Diverse sagebrush and perennial bunchgrass ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil community dynamics in sagebrush and cheatgrass-invaded ecosystems of the northern Great Basin Author: DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the Great Basin have become increasingly threatened by the proliferation of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), an invasive annual grass. Diverse sagebrush and perennial bunchgrass landscapes can be converted to homogenous cheatgrass grasslands mainly through the effects of fire. Although the consequences of this conversion are well understood in the context of plant community dynamics, information on changes to soil communities has not been well documented. I characterized soil surface, microbial, and nematode community dynamics in sagebrush steppe and cheatgrass-invaded areas across the northern Great Basin. I also examined how restoration treatments, such as seeding with a low impact rangeland drill and applying herbicide or sugar to plots, affected soil communities. Soil community functional diversity and structure were alike at sites where soil pH and percent bare ground were similar. Rangeland drill seeding and associated human trampling decreased biological soil crust cover at sites with high proportions of cyanobacteria. Herbicide treatments had little effect on soil communities, but addition of sugar to plots increased carbohydrate utilization and fungal biomass of cheatgrass- invaded soils. In studying paired intact and cheatgrass-invaded sagebrush plots, I found that microbial functional diversity and community composition were different in sagebrush, bunchgrass, cheatgrass, and interspace soils. Fungal biomass and species richness were highest under sagebrush and decreased under cheatgrass. To examine how soil community shifts might affect ecosystem processes, I investigated the contribution of fungi to inorganic nitrogen (N) mineralization in sagebrush and cheatgrass rhizospheres. Results from a ¹⁵N pool dilution experiment modified with the fungal protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed that gross and net N cycling rates did not differ between control sagebrush and cheatgrass soils and that fungi were important for gross NH₄⁺ production and consumption in both soil types. However, net nitrification increased in sagebrush soils after 24 h, suggesting that when organic matter decomposition by fungi ceased bacteria became carbon limited and could no longer assimilate NH₄⁺. These studies demonstrate that cheatgrass invasion into sagebrush steppe ecosystems can bring about significant changes to soil communities and that these changes may have repercussions for ecosystem functioning in the northern Great Basin. Title: Soil community dynamics in sagebrush and cheatgrass-invaded ecosystems of the northern Great Basin Author: DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the Great Basin have become increasingly threatened by the proliferation of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), an invasive annual grass. Diverse sagebrush and perennial bunchgrass landscapes can be converted to homogenous cheatgrass grasslands mainly through the effects of fire. Although the consequences of this conversion are well understood in the context of plant community dynamics, information on changes to soil communities has not been well documented. I characterized soil surface, microbial, and nematode community dynamics in sagebrush steppe and cheatgrass-invaded areas across the northern Great Basin. I also examined how restoration treatments, such as seeding with a low impact rangeland drill and applying herbicide or sugar to plots, affected soil communities. Soil community functional diversity and structure were alike at sites where soil pH and percent bare ground were similar. Rangeland drill seeding and associated human trampling decreased biological soil crust cover at sites with high proportions of cyanobacteria. Herbicide treatments had little effect on soil communities, but addition of sugar to plots increased carbohydrate utilization and fungal biomass of cheatgrass- invaded soils. In studying paired intact and cheatgrass-invaded sagebrush plots, I found that microbial functional diversity and community composition were different in sagebrush, bunchgrass, cheatgrass, and interspace soils. Fungal biomass and species richness were highest under sagebrush and decreased under cheatgrass. To examine how soil community shifts might affect ecosystem processes, I investigated the contribution of fungi to inorganic nitrogen (N) mineralization in sagebrush and cheatgrass rhizospheres. Results from a ¹⁵N pool dilution experiment modified with the fungal protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed that gross and net N cycling rates did not differ between control sagebrush and cheatgrass soils and that fungi were important for gross NH₄⁺ production and consumption in both soil types. However, net nitrification increased in sagebrush soils after 24 h, suggesting that when organic matter decomposition by fungi ceased bacteria became carbon limited and could no longer assimilate NH₄⁺. These studies demonstrate that cheatgrass invasion into sagebrush steppe ecosystems can bring about significant changes to soil communities and that these changes may have repercussions for ecosystem functioning in the northern Great Basin. Close

• 82. [Article] Short-term responses of native bees to livestock and implications for managing ecosystem services in grasslands

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Short-term responses of native bees to livestock and implications for managing ecosystem services in grasslands Author: Schmalz, Heidi, Rao, Sujaya, Kennedy, Patricia L., Kimoto, Chiho, Thorp, Robbin W., DeBano, Sandra J., Johnson, Tracey, DelCurto, Timothy, Taylor, Robert V. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Title: Short-term responses of native bees to livestock and implications for managing ecosystem services in grasslands Author: Schmalz, Heidi, Rao, Sujaya, Kennedy, Patricia L., Kimoto, Chiho, Thorp, Robbin W., DeBano, Sandra J., Johnson, Tracey, DelCurto, Timothy, Taylor, Robert V. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Close

• 83. [Article] The Differing Biogeochemical and Microbial Signatures of Glaciers and Rock Glaciers

  Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and bioavailable nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Differing Biogeochemical and Microbial Signatures of Glaciers and Rock Glaciers Author: Fegel, Timothy S., Baron, Jill S., Fountain, Andrew G., Johnson, Gunnar F., Hall, Ed K. Year: 2016 Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and bioavailable nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, and microbial characteristics of glacial and rock glacial influence on headwater ecosystems in three mountain ranges of the contiguous U.S.: the Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada. Several meltwater characteristics (water temperature, conductivity, pH, metals, nutrients, complexity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial richness and diversity) differed significantly between glacier and rock glacier meltwaters, while other characteristics (Ca2+, Fe3+, SiO2 concentrations, reactive nitrogen, and microbial processing of DOM) showed distinct trends between mountain ranges regardless of meltwater source. Some characteristics were affected both by glacier type and mountain range (e.g., temperature, ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, and bacterial diversity). Due to the ubiquity of rock glaciers and the accelerating loss of the low-latitude glaciers, our results point to the important and changing influence that these frozen features place on headwater ecosystems. Title: The Differing Biogeochemical and Microbial Signatures of Glaciers and Rock Glaciers Author: Fegel, Timothy S., Baron, Jill S., Fountain, Andrew G., Johnson, Gunnar F., Hall, Ed K. Year: 2016 Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and bioavailable nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, and microbial characteristics of glacial and rock glacial influence on headwater ecosystems in three mountain ranges of the contiguous U.S.: the Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada. Several meltwater characteristics (water temperature, conductivity, pH, metals, nutrients, complexity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial richness and diversity) differed significantly between glacier and rock glacier meltwaters, while other characteristics (Ca2+, Fe3+, SiO2 concentrations, reactive nitrogen, and microbial processing of DOM) showed distinct trends between mountain ranges regardless of meltwater source. Some characteristics were affected both by glacier type and mountain range (e.g., temperature, ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, and bacterial diversity). Due to the ubiquity of rock glaciers and the accelerating loss of the low-latitude glaciers, our results point to the important and changing influence that these frozen features place on headwater ecosystems. Close

• 84. [Article] Diversity, productivity, and mycophagy of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi in a variably thinned Douglas-fir forest

  Hypogeous fungi are a critical component of forest ecosystems world wide. In Pacific Northwest forests, they are the base of the food chain of the threatened Northern Spotted Owl. As part of The Forest ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diversity, productivity, and mycophagy of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi in a variably thinned Douglas-fir forest Author: Colgan, Wesley Hypogeous fungi are a critical component of forest ecosystems world wide. In Pacific Northwest forests, they are the base of the food chain of the threatened Northern Spotted Owl. As part of The Forest Ecosystem Study (a interdisciplinary study designed to increase development of suitable spotted owl habitat), diversity and productivity of truffles were studied from March 1993 through December 1996 at approximately six week intervals at the Fort Lewis Military Reservation near Olympia, Washington. Half of the stands served as controls, half were assigned a variable density thinning (VDT) treatment. A VDT stand was comprised of a mosaic of 0.16 ha- patches thinned to different densities of standing live trees. To further examine effect of thinning on sporocarp productivity and diversity, this mosaic was stratified into 2 sub-treatments, lightly thinned and heavily thinned areas. Total standing crop biomass over all seasons was significantly reduced in VDT stands compared to the control stands. However. VDT stands had greater truffle standing crop during two of the three winters sampled. This suggests that, in the short term, thinning could reduce production overall but enhance production of truffles in winter. Species richness and evenness were highest in the lightly thinned areas within the VDT stands and declined sharply in the heavily thinned areas, compared to the control stands. Two novel truffle taxa collected during this study were described. A reliable method to assess dietaries of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii) was developed, and subsequently used to analyze fecal pellets collected from live trapped individuals. Collections from spring 1991 through December 1996 were analyzed to estimate dietary composition. Hypogeous basidiomycetes and ascomycetes dominated chipmunk and flying squirrel dietaries. Plant material was also a dominant component of chipmunk dietaries (both spring and fall) and fall flying squirrel dietaries. Both mammal species consistently found more fungal taxa than mycologists did during the concurrent mycological survey. Thinning did not significantly change the rank order of fungal components in the dietaries of these small mammals. Title: Diversity, productivity, and mycophagy of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi in a variably thinned Douglas-fir forest Author: Colgan, Wesley Hypogeous fungi are a critical component of forest ecosystems world wide. In Pacific Northwest forests, they are the base of the food chain of the threatened Northern Spotted Owl. As part of The Forest Ecosystem Study (a interdisciplinary study designed to increase development of suitable spotted owl habitat), diversity and productivity of truffles were studied from March 1993 through December 1996 at approximately six week intervals at the Fort Lewis Military Reservation near Olympia, Washington. Half of the stands served as controls, half were assigned a variable density thinning (VDT) treatment. A VDT stand was comprised of a mosaic of 0.16 ha- patches thinned to different densities of standing live trees. To further examine effect of thinning on sporocarp productivity and diversity, this mosaic was stratified into 2 sub-treatments, lightly thinned and heavily thinned areas. Total standing crop biomass over all seasons was significantly reduced in VDT stands compared to the control stands. However. VDT stands had greater truffle standing crop during two of the three winters sampled. This suggests that, in the short term, thinning could reduce production overall but enhance production of truffles in winter. Species richness and evenness were highest in the lightly thinned areas within the VDT stands and declined sharply in the heavily thinned areas, compared to the control stands. Two novel truffle taxa collected during this study were described. A reliable method to assess dietaries of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii) was developed, and subsequently used to analyze fecal pellets collected from live trapped individuals. Collections from spring 1991 through December 1996 were analyzed to estimate dietary composition. Hypogeous basidiomycetes and ascomycetes dominated chipmunk and flying squirrel dietaries. Plant material was also a dominant component of chipmunk dietaries (both spring and fall) and fall flying squirrel dietaries. Both mammal species consistently found more fungal taxa than mycologists did during the concurrent mycological survey. Thinning did not significantly change the rank order of fungal components in the dietaries of these small mammals. Close

• 85. [Article] Food Webs in Relation to Variation in the Environment and Species Assemblage: A Multivariate Approach

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Food Webs in Relation to Variation in the Environment and Species Assemblage: A Multivariate Approach Author: Schriever, Tiffany A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Food Webs in Relation to Variation in the Environment and Species Assemblage: A Multivariate Approach Author: Schriever, Tiffany A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Public Library of Science. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 86. [Article] Drivers of plant community dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems : cattle grazing, heat and water stress

  Sagebrush steppe ecosystems are one of the most widespread but endangered ecosystems in North America. A diverse array of human-related stressors has gradually compromised these ecosystems' resilience ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Drivers of plant community dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems : cattle grazing, heat and water stress Author: Reisner, Michael D. Sagebrush steppe ecosystems are one of the most widespread but endangered ecosystems in North America. A diverse array of human-related stressors has gradually compromised these ecosystems' resilience to disturbance and invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). The role of the foundational shrub Artemisia as a driver of herbaceous community structure and dynamics during this degradation process is poorly understood. Many of the individual factors driving B. tectorum invasions are well documented. However a predictive understanding of the relative importance of complex, interacting factors in the causal network of simultaneously occurring processes determining invasibility has proven elusive. I examined these issues at the landscape level across 75 sites capturing a range of soil and landscape properties and cattle grazing levels similar to those found across the Great Basin. Cumulative cattle herbivory stress levels were a predominant component of both the overlapping heat and water stress gradients driving the structure of Artemisia interactions with herbaceous species. Consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis, Artemisia facilitation of herbaceous species was most frequent and strongest at the highest stress levels, and competition was most frequent and strongest at the lowest stress levels. The two species with the highest competitive response abilities, Elymus elymoides and Poa secunda, showed the strongest facilitation at the upper limits of their stress tolerances. The structure of Artemisia interactions with the invasive B. tectorum was strikingly different than those with native bunchgrasses. Artemisia interactions with native bunchgrasses shifted from competition to facilitation with increasing heat, water, and herbivory stress, but its interactions remained competitive with B. tectorum along the entire stress gradient. Shifts in the structure of interactions between Artemisia and native bunchgrasses were associated with both an increase and decrease in community compositional and functional stability. I report the first evidence of native species facilitation decreasing community invasibility. Artemisia facilitation increased native bunchgrass composition, which reduced the magnitude of B. tectorum invasion in under-shrub compared to interspace communities. This decreased invasibility did not translate into lower invasibility at the community level because of the limited spatial scale over which such facilitation occurs. Artemisia facilitation increased community compositional and functional stability at intermediate stress levels but decreased community stability at high stress levels. Facilitation became a destabilizing force when native bunchgrass species became "obligate" beneficiaries, i.e. strongly dependent on Artemisia facilitation for their continued persistence in the community. Structural equation modeling assessed the structure of the causal network and relative importance of factors and processes predicted to drive community invasibility. The linchpin of ecosystem invasibility was the size of and connectivity between basal gaps in perennial vegetation, driven by shifts in the structure and spatial aggregation of the native bunchgrass community. Landscape orientation and soil physical properties determined inherent risk to invasion. Resident bunchgrass and biological soil crust communities provided biotic resistance to invasion by reducing the size of and connectivity between basal gaps and thereby limiting available resources and reducing safe sites for B. tectorum establishment. High levels of cattle grazing reduced ecosystem resilience by reducing native bunchgrass and biological soil crust abundance and altering bunchgrass community composition and facilitated B. tectorum invasion. Conserving and restoring resilience and resistance of these imperiled ecosystems will require reducing cumulative stress levels. As global climate change increases heat and water stress, reducing cumulative cattle grazing intensities by altering utilization rates and/or seasons of use may be the only effective means of accomplishing these goals. Title: Drivers of plant community dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems : cattle grazing, heat and water stress Author: Reisner, Michael D. Sagebrush steppe ecosystems are one of the most widespread but endangered ecosystems in North America. A diverse array of human-related stressors has gradually compromised these ecosystems' resilience to disturbance and invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). The role of the foundational shrub Artemisia as a driver of herbaceous community structure and dynamics during this degradation process is poorly understood. Many of the individual factors driving B. tectorum invasions are well documented. However a predictive understanding of the relative importance of complex, interacting factors in the causal network of simultaneously occurring processes determining invasibility has proven elusive. I examined these issues at the landscape level across 75 sites capturing a range of soil and landscape properties and cattle grazing levels similar to those found across the Great Basin. Cumulative cattle herbivory stress levels were a predominant component of both the overlapping heat and water stress gradients driving the structure of Artemisia interactions with herbaceous species. Consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis, Artemisia facilitation of herbaceous species was most frequent and strongest at the highest stress levels, and competition was most frequent and strongest at the lowest stress levels. The two species with the highest competitive response abilities, Elymus elymoides and Poa secunda, showed the strongest facilitation at the upper limits of their stress tolerances. The structure of Artemisia interactions with the invasive B. tectorum was strikingly different than those with native bunchgrasses. Artemisia interactions with native bunchgrasses shifted from competition to facilitation with increasing heat, water, and herbivory stress, but its interactions remained competitive with B. tectorum along the entire stress gradient. Shifts in the structure of interactions between Artemisia and native bunchgrasses were associated with both an increase and decrease in community compositional and functional stability. I report the first evidence of native species facilitation decreasing community invasibility. Artemisia facilitation increased native bunchgrass composition, which reduced the magnitude of B. tectorum invasion in under-shrub compared to interspace communities. This decreased invasibility did not translate into lower invasibility at the community level because of the limited spatial scale over which such facilitation occurs. Artemisia facilitation increased community compositional and functional stability at intermediate stress levels but decreased community stability at high stress levels. Facilitation became a destabilizing force when native bunchgrass species became "obligate" beneficiaries, i.e. strongly dependent on Artemisia facilitation for their continued persistence in the community. Structural equation modeling assessed the structure of the causal network and relative importance of factors and processes predicted to drive community invasibility. The linchpin of ecosystem invasibility was the size of and connectivity between basal gaps in perennial vegetation, driven by shifts in the structure and spatial aggregation of the native bunchgrass community. Landscape orientation and soil physical properties determined inherent risk to invasion. Resident bunchgrass and biological soil crust communities provided biotic resistance to invasion by reducing the size of and connectivity between basal gaps and thereby limiting available resources and reducing safe sites for B. tectorum establishment. High levels of cattle grazing reduced ecosystem resilience by reducing native bunchgrass and biological soil crust abundance and altering bunchgrass community composition and facilitated B. tectorum invasion. Conserving and restoring resilience and resistance of these imperiled ecosystems will require reducing cumulative stress levels. As global climate change increases heat and water stress, reducing cumulative cattle grazing intensities by altering utilization rates and/or seasons of use may be the only effective means of accomplishing these goals. Close

• 87. [Article] Public perspectives on forest ecosystem health : knowledge, preferences, and opinions from urban and rural communities throughout the Pacific Northwest

  Changes in forest ecosystem conditions in the region have prompted federal resource agencies to target the health of ecosystems in an effort to learn more about cause and effect relationships, develop ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public perspectives on forest ecosystem health : knowledge, preferences, and opinions from urban and rural communities throughout the Pacific Northwest Author: Wilton, James Jared Changes in forest ecosystem conditions in the region have prompted federal resource agencies to target the health of ecosystems in an effort to learn more about cause and effect relationships, develop plans for restoring healthy forest conditions, and communicate with citizens about treatment alternatives and potential outcomes. Because of the risk and uncertainty citizens associate with the concept of ecosystem health, part of the planning task also involves identifying the range of public concerns. This study was specifically designed to assist in an effort to develop a regional public communication process that actively includes citizens. The research design paired qualitative and quantitative data from public participants throughout Oregon and Washington. Key findings indicate that participants demonstrate a high level of awareness of forest conditions but also possess a low level of understanding about the causal components and treatment alternatives. Respondents, especially rural residents, were worried about the potential threats to ecosystem health and perceived forests east of the Cascades to have more forest health problems. There was strong support for active management even though trust levels in management agencies were mixed. Interactive forms of forest information were generally preferable to unidirectional formats. Finally, respondents, particularly urban participants, were favorable to increasing the role of science in resource decisions. These findings suggest four areas where federal agencies can engage the range of constituents to build lasting solutions for forest ecosystem health. First, build literacy among stakeholders. Effective ecosystem health programs will require agencies to recognize that the public is diverse and needs a common understanding of forest conditions. Additionally, developing broad-based awareness will involve not only information dissemination, but also outreach in forest communities and cooperative local projects. Second, address uncertainty and risk. Ecosystem health involves considerable uncertainty about how systems function and, as public participants play a larger role in the decision-making, addressing local conditions in the process is essential. Third, focus on situational context and site-specific conditions. Greater public acceptance of programs to treat forest health is likely to come in familiar settings where people have a genuine stake in the outcomes. Lastly, concentrate on agency-public interactions along with information provision. The success of any communication strategy will hinge on the relationship between federal agencies and citizens. A comprehensive plan will not only focus on the types of information used, but also on how and why it is communicated. Title: Public perspectives on forest ecosystem health : knowledge, preferences, and opinions from urban and rural communities throughout the Pacific Northwest Author: Wilton, James Jared Changes in forest ecosystem conditions in the region have prompted federal resource agencies to target the health of ecosystems in an effort to learn more about cause and effect relationships, develop plans for restoring healthy forest conditions, and communicate with citizens about treatment alternatives and potential outcomes. Because of the risk and uncertainty citizens associate with the concept of ecosystem health, part of the planning task also involves identifying the range of public concerns. This study was specifically designed to assist in an effort to develop a regional public communication process that actively includes citizens. The research design paired qualitative and quantitative data from public participants throughout Oregon and Washington. Key findings indicate that participants demonstrate a high level of awareness of forest conditions but also possess a low level of understanding about the causal components and treatment alternatives. Respondents, especially rural residents, were worried about the potential threats to ecosystem health and perceived forests east of the Cascades to have more forest health problems. There was strong support for active management even though trust levels in management agencies were mixed. Interactive forms of forest information were generally preferable to unidirectional formats. Finally, respondents, particularly urban participants, were favorable to increasing the role of science in resource decisions. These findings suggest four areas where federal agencies can engage the range of constituents to build lasting solutions for forest ecosystem health. First, build literacy among stakeholders. Effective ecosystem health programs will require agencies to recognize that the public is diverse and needs a common understanding of forest conditions. Additionally, developing broad-based awareness will involve not only information dissemination, but also outreach in forest communities and cooperative local projects. Second, address uncertainty and risk. Ecosystem health involves considerable uncertainty about how systems function and, as public participants play a larger role in the decision-making, addressing local conditions in the process is essential. Third, focus on situational context and site-specific conditions. Greater public acceptance of programs to treat forest health is likely to come in familiar settings where people have a genuine stake in the outcomes. Lastly, concentrate on agency-public interactions along with information provision. The success of any communication strategy will hinge on the relationship between federal agencies and citizens. A comprehensive plan will not only focus on the types of information used, but also on how and why it is communicated. Close

• 88. [Article] An integrated assessment of the ecological and economical status of fisheries - application to the French fisheries in the Bay of Biscay

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An integrated assessment of the ecological and economical status of fisheries - application to the French fisheries in the Bay of Biscay Author: Trenkel, Verena, Rochet, Marie-Joelle, Van Iseghem, Sylvie, Daures, Fabienne Abstract only. Title: An integrated assessment of the ecological and economical status of fisheries - application to the French fisheries in the Bay of Biscay Author: Trenkel, Verena, Rochet, Marie-Joelle, Van Iseghem, Sylvie, Daures, Fabienne Abstract only. Close

• 89. [Article] Managing for Ecosystem Services through Governance Networks: An Analysis of Oregon Senate Bill 513

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing for Ecosystem Services through Governance Networks: An Analysis of Oregon Senate Bill 513 Author: Paulsen, Harmony Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Managing for Ecosystem Services through Governance Networks: An Analysis of Oregon Senate Bill 513 Author: Paulsen, Harmony Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 90. [Article] Climate-Suitable Planting as a Strategy for Maintaining Forest Productivity and Functional Diversity

  Within the time frame of the longevity of tree species, climate change will change faster than the ability of natural tree migration. Migration lags may result in reduced productivity and reduced diversity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate-Suitable Planting as a Strategy for Maintaining Forest Productivity and Functional Diversity Author: Duveneck, Matthew Joshua, Scheller, Robert M. Year: 2015 Within the time frame of the longevity of tree species, climate change will change faster than the ability of natural tree migration. Migration lags may result in reduced productivity and reduced diversity in forests under current management and climate change. We evaluated the efficacy of planting climate-suitable tree species (CSP), those tree species with current or historic distributions immediately south of a focal landscape, to maintain or increase aboveground biomass, productivity, and species and functional diversity. We modeled forest change with the LANDIS-II forest simulation model for 100 years (2000–2100) at a 2-ha cell resolution and five-year time steps within two landscapes in the Great Lakes region (northeastern Minnesota and northern lower Michigan, USA). We compared current climate to low- and high-emission futures. We simulated a low-emission climate future with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 B1 emission scenario and the Parallel Climate Model Global Circulation Model (GCM). We simulated a high-emission climate future with the IPCC A1FI emission scenario and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GCM. We compared current forest management practices (business-asusual) to CSP management. In the CSP scenario, we simulated a target planting of 5.28% and 4.97% of forested area per five-year time step in the Minnesota and Michigan landscapes, respectively. We found that simulated CSP species successfully established in both landscapes under all climate scenarios. The presence of CSP species generally increased simulated aboveground biomass. Species diversity increased due to CSP; however, the effect on functional diversity was variable. Because the planted species were functionally similar to many native species, CSP did not result in a consistent increase nor decrease in functional diversity. These results provide an assessment of the potential efficacy and limitations of CSP management. These results have management implications for sites where diversity and productivity are expected to decline. Future efforts to restore a specific species or forest type may not be possible, but CSP may sustain a more general ecosystem service (e.g., aboveground biomass). Title: Climate-Suitable Planting as a Strategy for Maintaining Forest Productivity and Functional Diversity Author: Duveneck, Matthew Joshua, Scheller, Robert M. Year: 2015 Within the time frame of the longevity of tree species, climate change will change faster than the ability of natural tree migration. Migration lags may result in reduced productivity and reduced diversity in forests under current management and climate change. We evaluated the efficacy of planting climate-suitable tree species (CSP), those tree species with current or historic distributions immediately south of a focal landscape, to maintain or increase aboveground biomass, productivity, and species and functional diversity. We modeled forest change with the LANDIS-II forest simulation model for 100 years (2000–2100) at a 2-ha cell resolution and five-year time steps within two landscapes in the Great Lakes region (northeastern Minnesota and northern lower Michigan, USA). We compared current climate to low- and high-emission futures. We simulated a low-emission climate future with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 B1 emission scenario and the Parallel Climate Model Global Circulation Model (GCM). We simulated a high-emission climate future with the IPCC A1FI emission scenario and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GCM. We compared current forest management practices (business-asusual) to CSP management. In the CSP scenario, we simulated a target planting of 5.28% and 4.97% of forested area per five-year time step in the Minnesota and Michigan landscapes, respectively. We found that simulated CSP species successfully established in both landscapes under all climate scenarios. The presence of CSP species generally increased simulated aboveground biomass. Species diversity increased due to CSP; however, the effect on functional diversity was variable. Because the planted species were functionally similar to many native species, CSP did not result in a consistent increase nor decrease in functional diversity. These results provide an assessment of the potential efficacy and limitations of CSP management. These results have management implications for sites where diversity and productivity are expected to decline. Future efforts to restore a specific species or forest type may not be possible, but CSP may sustain a more general ecosystem service (e.g., aboveground biomass). Close