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• 391. [Article] Different worlds? : asymmetry in graduate student marriages

  That graduate study is detrimental to marriages has received empirical support. This study utilized systems theory to examine and help explain the dissolution process of graduate student marriages. Specifically, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Different worlds? : asymmetry in graduate student marriages Author: Sakashita, Shari S. That graduate study is detrimental to marriages has received empirical support. This study utilized systems theory to examine and help explain the dissolution process of graduate student marriages. Specifically, it examined the impact of marital structure on perceptions of marital quality. Drawing primarily from Scheinkman's (1988) qualitative study, spouses in asymmetrical marriages (i.e., marriages where only one spouse is in graduate school), as opposed to symmetrical marriages (i.e., marriages where both spouses are in graduate school), were hypothesized to report (a) less satisfaction with the division of household labor, (b) lower perceptions of equity, and (c) less satisfaction with emotional intimacy. These, in turn, were hypothesized to lower perceptions of marital quality. Participants from a list of master's and doctoral-level students at a west coast university in the United States were randomly selected and contacted by phone. Only married students and their partners were solicited for participation. The final sample consisted of 121 married individuals (60 husband-wife pairs, 1 female) who responded to a mailed questionnaire. Of these 121 respondents, 85 were involved in asymmetrical arrangements and 36 in symmetrical arrangements. Contrary to expectations, asymmetry did not indirectly (and negatively) affect marital quality through satisfaction with the division of household labor and perception of equity. There was, however, some evidence that asymmetry negatively influenced marital quality by lowering spouses' satisfaction with emotional intimacy. This latter finding was considered to be meaningfully significant because satisfaction with emotional intimacy was by far the strongest predictor of marital quality. The findings are discussed primarily in terms of the education level of each spouse. Reconceptualizing asymmetry as an educational or power differential, or even more generally as a difference in emotional experiences, is recommended. In other words, it is not the number of spouses in school per se that matters; it is the understanding and emotional connectedness between them. Title: Different worlds? : asymmetry in graduate student marriages Author: Sakashita, Shari S. That graduate study is detrimental to marriages has received empirical support. This study utilized systems theory to examine and help explain the dissolution process of graduate student marriages. Specifically, it examined the impact of marital structure on perceptions of marital quality. Drawing primarily from Scheinkman's (1988) qualitative study, spouses in asymmetrical marriages (i.e., marriages where only one spouse is in graduate school), as opposed to symmetrical marriages (i.e., marriages where both spouses are in graduate school), were hypothesized to report (a) less satisfaction with the division of household labor, (b) lower perceptions of equity, and (c) less satisfaction with emotional intimacy. These, in turn, were hypothesized to lower perceptions of marital quality. Participants from a list of master's and doctoral-level students at a west coast university in the United States were randomly selected and contacted by phone. Only married students and their partners were solicited for participation. The final sample consisted of 121 married individuals (60 husband-wife pairs, 1 female) who responded to a mailed questionnaire. Of these 121 respondents, 85 were involved in asymmetrical arrangements and 36 in symmetrical arrangements. Contrary to expectations, asymmetry did not indirectly (and negatively) affect marital quality through satisfaction with the division of household labor and perception of equity. There was, however, some evidence that asymmetry negatively influenced marital quality by lowering spouses' satisfaction with emotional intimacy. This latter finding was considered to be meaningfully significant because satisfaction with emotional intimacy was by far the strongest predictor of marital quality. The findings are discussed primarily in terms of the education level of each spouse. Reconceptualizing asymmetry as an educational or power differential, or even more generally as a difference in emotional experiences, is recommended. In other words, it is not the number of spouses in school per se that matters; it is the understanding and emotional connectedness between them. Close

• 392. [Article] A comparative study of two instructional methods employed in teaching nutrition among culturally diverse adolescents : teacher-oriented lecture and student-oriented instructional design

  The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effectiveness of two approaches in nutrition education instruction among culturally diverse adolescents: the teacher-oriented lecture approach and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of two instructional methods employed in teaching nutrition among culturally diverse adolescents : teacher-oriented lecture and student-oriented instructional design Author: Marshall, Joyce M. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effectiveness of two approaches in nutrition education instruction among culturally diverse adolescents: the teacher-oriented lecture approach and the student-oriented instructional design approach. The study was designed to help culturally diverse students gain a basic understanding of practices that promote health and sound nutritional practices. The population consisted of junior and senior high-school students enrolled in a vocational technical institute in Florida. Each instructional approach consisted of two 1-1/2 hour presentations on nutritional concerns of adolescents. The teacher-oriented lecture presentation was organized around concepts taken from Ausubel (1968). It was designed to meet the academic and cultural needs of students by the lecture approach. The student-oriented instructional design workshop was organized around concepts taken from Gagne (1974). It was designed to meet the academic and cultural needs of students by an instructional design approach. The study was organized as a pretest-posttest and experimental control group design. A nutrition knowledge questionnaire served as both the pretest and posttest. The four hypotheses were stated in the null and were treated by utilizing multiple regression analysis. The .05 level of significance was selected as the acceptable level of statistical significance. The study examined possible relationships between the posttest scores and the independent variables: pretest, group, gender, race, and occupation of the head of household. The results relative to the four hypotheses revealed that there was no significant difference in the adjusted mean knowledge scores of the nutrition questionnaire according to group, gender, race, or occupation of head of household. It was concluded that when the teacher-oriented lecture approach or the student-oriented instructional design approach of instruction is designed according to teaching factors conducive to learning for culturally diverse adolescents, both methods are equally effective. Title: A comparative study of two instructional methods employed in teaching nutrition among culturally diverse adolescents : teacher-oriented lecture and student-oriented instructional design Author: Marshall, Joyce M. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effectiveness of two approaches in nutrition education instruction among culturally diverse adolescents: the teacher-oriented lecture approach and the student-oriented instructional design approach. The study was designed to help culturally diverse students gain a basic understanding of practices that promote health and sound nutritional practices. The population consisted of junior and senior high-school students enrolled in a vocational technical institute in Florida. Each instructional approach consisted of two 1-1/2 hour presentations on nutritional concerns of adolescents. The teacher-oriented lecture presentation was organized around concepts taken from Ausubel (1968). It was designed to meet the academic and cultural needs of students by the lecture approach. The student-oriented instructional design workshop was organized around concepts taken from Gagne (1974). It was designed to meet the academic and cultural needs of students by an instructional design approach. The study was organized as a pretest-posttest and experimental control group design. A nutrition knowledge questionnaire served as both the pretest and posttest. The four hypotheses were stated in the null and were treated by utilizing multiple regression analysis. The .05 level of significance was selected as the acceptable level of statistical significance. The study examined possible relationships between the posttest scores and the independent variables: pretest, group, gender, race, and occupation of the head of household. The results relative to the four hypotheses revealed that there was no significant difference in the adjusted mean knowledge scores of the nutrition questionnaire according to group, gender, race, or occupation of head of household. It was concluded that when the teacher-oriented lecture approach or the student-oriented instructional design approach of instruction is designed according to teaching factors conducive to learning for culturally diverse adolescents, both methods are equally effective. Close

• 393. [Article] The effects of large-lot zoning on the single-family housing market

  This study investigated the private costs to individual households of large-lot zoning policies. The study asked whether typical zoning ordinances create shortages of small lots or small structures and, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of large-lot zoning on the single-family housing market Author: Roberts, Rebecca S. This study investigated the private costs to individual households of large-lot zoning policies. The study asked whether typical zoning ordinances create shortages of small lots or small structures and, if so, what the magnitude of the resultant welfare loss is. The hypotheses were suggested by a theoretical model developed to explain the effect of a shortage of small lots on housing prices: 1) Mean lot size is larger under large-lot zoning; 2) The coefficient of lot size in a hedonic house price index is smaller under large-lot zoning; 3) Structure size and lot size are closely related; 4) Mean structure size is larger under large-lot zoning; 5) The coefficient of structure size in a hedonic house price index is smaller under large-lot zoning. The hypotheses were tested by comparing parameters of housing markets in western Oregon cities with relatively restrictive and unrestrictive minimum lot size requirements. Relevant parameters in each city were calculated from a sample of houses sold in each city in 1977-78. The sampling frame and house prices and characteristics were obtained from county assessors' records. Mean lot sizes were significantly larger in the restrictive cities than in the unrestrictive cities. Lot sizes for new houses were significantly larger even after controlling for structure size, indicating differences in income distributions were not entirely responsible for differences in lot sizes. The coefficients of lot size in the hedonic price indices were significantly smaller for restrictive cities. These results provide strong evidence zoning in the restrictive cities was misallocating lot sizes. Under restrictive assumptions, the welfare loss to the marginal household displaced from a small lot was estimated to be about $1,000. Lot and structure sizes for new houses were significantly correlated, but mean structure sizes in restrictive cities were not significantly larger than in the unrestrictive cities. Nor were structure size coefficients in the hedonic price indices significantly smaller. These results indicate there is no strong evidence zoning was misallocating structure sizes in the restrictive cities, limiting the estimated welfare loss to that stemming solely from shortages of small lots. Title: The effects of large-lot zoning on the single-family housing market Author: Roberts, Rebecca S. This study investigated the private costs to individual households of large-lot zoning policies. The study asked whether typical zoning ordinances create shortages of small lots or small structures and, if so, what the magnitude of the resultant welfare loss is. The hypotheses were suggested by a theoretical model developed to explain the effect of a shortage of small lots on housing prices: 1) Mean lot size is larger under large-lot zoning; 2) The coefficient of lot size in a hedonic house price index is smaller under large-lot zoning; 3) Structure size and lot size are closely related; 4) Mean structure size is larger under large-lot zoning; 5) The coefficient of structure size in a hedonic house price index is smaller under large-lot zoning. The hypotheses were tested by comparing parameters of housing markets in western Oregon cities with relatively restrictive and unrestrictive minimum lot size requirements. Relevant parameters in each city were calculated from a sample of houses sold in each city in 1977-78. The sampling frame and house prices and characteristics were obtained from county assessors' records. Mean lot sizes were significantly larger in the restrictive cities than in the unrestrictive cities. Lot sizes for new houses were significantly larger even after controlling for structure size, indicating differences in income distributions were not entirely responsible for differences in lot sizes. The coefficients of lot size in the hedonic price indices were significantly smaller for restrictive cities. These results provide strong evidence zoning in the restrictive cities was misallocating lot sizes. Under restrictive assumptions, the welfare loss to the marginal household displaced from a small lot was estimated to be about $1,000. Lot and structure sizes for new houses were significantly correlated, but mean structure sizes in restrictive cities were not significantly larger than in the unrestrictive cities. Nor were structure size coefficients in the hedonic price indices significantly smaller. These results indicate there is no strong evidence zoning was misallocating structure sizes in the restrictive cities, limiting the estimated welfare loss to that stemming solely from shortages of small lots. Close

• 394. [Article] Understanding Patterns of Localized Poverty in the United States: Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses in Contemporary Statistical Analysis

  The localization and concentration of poverty causes many problems throughout the world, and is linked to multiple adverse effects on individuals, households, and society at large. However, determining ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Patterns of Localized Poverty in the United States: Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses in Contemporary Statistical Analysis Author: Dyck, Gregory Year: 2015 The localization and concentration of poverty causes many problems throughout the world, and is linked to multiple adverse effects on individuals, households, and society at large. However, determining the relationship between poverty and these affects is limited by the current state of affairs regarding how theory does and does not fit with the indicator variables being used or available. I will attempt to evaluate the current usage of variables and strategies, both how they succeed, and how they fall short in the analysis of concentrated poverty. The results of this analysis should open holes for the development of better indicators and techniques which should in turn further the understanding of concentrated poverty. Title: Understanding Patterns of Localized Poverty in the United States: Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses in Contemporary Statistical Analysis Author: Dyck, Gregory Year: 2015 The localization and concentration of poverty causes many problems throughout the world, and is linked to multiple adverse effects on individuals, households, and society at large. However, determining the relationship between poverty and these affects is limited by the current state of affairs regarding how theory does and does not fit with the indicator variables being used or available. I will attempt to evaluate the current usage of variables and strategies, both how they succeed, and how they fall short in the analysis of concentrated poverty. The results of this analysis should open holes for the development of better indicators and techniques which should in turn further the understanding of concentrated poverty. Close

• 395. [Article] The Geography of the Commute

  It is a common misperception that low-income populations are transit-dependent or typically do without a car because it is too expensive. While much larger proportions of low-income populations use a mode ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Geography of the Commute Author: Howland, Steven, Morris, Randy Year: 2017 It is a common misperception that low-income populations are transit-dependent or typically do without a car because it is too expensive. While much larger proportions of low-income populations use a mode of transportation other than a personal automobile to commute to work, a majority of them still use a personal automobile. In this edition of the Periodic Atlas, we looked at commuting as it relates to people of color and low-wage workers using the most recent reliable Census data as well as data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LEHD-LODES). Title: The Geography of the Commute Author: Howland, Steven, Morris, Randy Year: 2017 It is a common misperception that low-income populations are transit-dependent or typically do without a car because it is too expensive. While much larger proportions of low-income populations use a mode of transportation other than a personal automobile to commute to work, a majority of them still use a personal automobile. In this edition of the Periodic Atlas, we looked at commuting as it relates to people of color and low-wage workers using the most recent reliable Census data as well as data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LEHD-LODES). Close

• 396. [Article] The Experimental Reduction of Rock in a Camas Oven: Towards an Understanding of the Behavioral Significance of Fire-cracked Rock

  The selection and management of rock for roasting ovens, hearths, and sweat lodges were not trivial concerns for prehistoric households. The results of replicating a camas roasting oven are used to address ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Experimental Reduction of Rock in a Camas Oven: Towards an Understanding of the Behavioral Significance of Fire-cracked Rock Author: Wilson, Douglas C., DeLyria, David V. Year: 1999 The selection and management of rock for roasting ovens, hearths, and sweat lodges were not trivial concerns for prehistoric households. The results of replicating a camas roasting oven are used to address the use-life and use-stages of fire-cracked rock. We concluded that the industry associated with the procurement and management of fire-cracked rock in the Pacific Northwest required significant quantities of labor and expertise to manage the raw materials and camas roasting byproducts. Recording the technological performance characteristics of fire-cracked rocks, including composition, size, and durability, is a necessary step to interpret and compare fire-cracked rock features at archaeological sites. Title: The Experimental Reduction of Rock in a Camas Oven: Towards an Understanding of the Behavioral Significance of Fire-cracked Rock Author: Wilson, Douglas C., DeLyria, David V. Year: 1999 The selection and management of rock for roasting ovens, hearths, and sweat lodges were not trivial concerns for prehistoric households. The results of replicating a camas roasting oven are used to address the use-life and use-stages of fire-cracked rock. We concluded that the industry associated with the procurement and management of fire-cracked rock in the Pacific Northwest required significant quantities of labor and expertise to manage the raw materials and camas roasting byproducts. Recording the technological performance characteristics of fire-cracked rocks, including composition, size, and durability, is a necessary step to interpret and compare fire-cracked rock features at archaeological sites. Close

• 397. [Article] Transportation Meets Social Welfare

  OTREC researchers helped state transportation department staff members face a problem that isn’t strictly part of their job description: how best to deal with homeless individuals and households living ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transportation Meets Social Welfare Author: Bassett, Ellen M., Tremoulet, Andrée Year: 2014 OTREC researchers helped state transportation department staff members face a problem that isn’t strictly part of their job description: how best to deal with homeless individuals and households living in DOT rights of way and rest areas. OTREC researchers examine the human relations impact of transportation and land management decisions involving homeless encampments. Title: Transportation Meets Social Welfare Author: Bassett, Ellen M., Tremoulet, Andrée Year: 2014 OTREC researchers helped state transportation department staff members face a problem that isn’t strictly part of their job description: how best to deal with homeless individuals and households living in DOT rights of way and rest areas. OTREC researchers examine the human relations impact of transportation and land management decisions involving homeless encampments. Close

• 398. [Article] Isolated Water Circulation and Filtration System

  One big issue we are addressing is the large amount greywater produced by average households around the country. Still, the main problem is that, in areas affected by drought such as California, people ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Isolated Water Circulation and Filtration System Author: Gurganus, Adrik, Mwawai, Mellonie, Cedillo-Nielsen, Wysteria, Rekart, Morgan, Hoffman, Zander Year: 2016 One big issue we are addressing is the large amount greywater produced by average households around the country. Still, the main problem is that, in areas affected by drought such as California, people have little available clean water, and this system will greatly benefit these people directly. The Isolated water system uses a filtration combined of organic materials, soaps, dirt, foods and sink to filter out the grey used water. Since the water system is not connected with the local water system if there were a natural disaster the owner would have free access to a water source while the city water would be damaged and inaccessible. Title: Isolated Water Circulation and Filtration System Author: Gurganus, Adrik, Mwawai, Mellonie, Cedillo-Nielsen, Wysteria, Rekart, Morgan, Hoffman, Zander Year: 2016 One big issue we are addressing is the large amount greywater produced by average households around the country. Still, the main problem is that, in areas affected by drought such as California, people have little available clean water, and this system will greatly benefit these people directly. The Isolated water system uses a filtration combined of organic materials, soaps, dirt, foods and sink to filter out the grey used water. Since the water system is not connected with the local water system if there were a natural disaster the owner would have free access to a water source while the city water would be damaged and inaccessible. Close

• 399. [Article] Residential Greywater Recycling System

  In a typical household, a majority of the fresh water is utilized by the shower, bathroom sinks and laundry. Water exiting from these fixtures is considered greywater. This is wasteful because the greywater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Residential Greywater Recycling System Author: Bui, Sophia, Clark, Clare, Hoang, Anthony, Le, Kim, Mishler, Skyler, Soler, Janette, Tran, Teresa Year: 2016 In a typical household, a majority of the fresh water is utilized by the shower, bathroom sinks and laundry. Water exiting from these fixtures is considered greywater. This is wasteful because the greywater is being combined with blackwater making it unusable. If greywater could be separated and captured, it can be reused for other purposes. We came to the conclusion that greywater is able to be recycled and reused for flushing excreta. Title: Residential Greywater Recycling System Author: Bui, Sophia, Clark, Clare, Hoang, Anthony, Le, Kim, Mishler, Skyler, Soler, Janette, Tran, Teresa Year: 2016 In a typical household, a majority of the fresh water is utilized by the shower, bathroom sinks and laundry. Water exiting from these fixtures is considered greywater. This is wasteful because the greywater is being combined with blackwater making it unusable. If greywater could be separated and captured, it can be reused for other purposes. We came to the conclusion that greywater is able to be recycled and reused for flushing excreta. Close

• 400. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Census 2000: First Take

  The following atlas summarizes some of the primary demographic indicators currently available from the 2000 Census. In addition to changes in settlement patterns and urban form (as indicated by population ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Census 2000: First Take Author: Sanchez, Tom, Merrick, Meg, Lycan, Richard Year: 2002 The following atlas summarizes some of the primary demographic indicators currently available from the 2000 Census. In addition to changes in settlement patterns and urban form (as indicated by population density patterns), the following maps show the ten-year changes in Hispanic, African-American, and Asian populations. Following these, are maps showing changes in homeownership patterns, household structure, and age characteristics for the region. Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Census 2000: First Take Author: Sanchez, Tom, Merrick, Meg, Lycan, Richard Year: 2002 The following atlas summarizes some of the primary demographic indicators currently available from the 2000 Census. In addition to changes in settlement patterns and urban form (as indicated by population density patterns), the following maps show the ten-year changes in Hispanic, African-American, and Asian populations. Following these, are maps showing changes in homeownership patterns, household structure, and age characteristics for the region. Close