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• 361. [Article] Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts

  This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2015 This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts for a county and its sub-areas (UGBs and areas outside UGBs are referred to sub-areas in this document), requires these main stages: 1) compiling and evaluating historical and recent data to ascertain demographic characteristics and trends in the study area and to obtain a population base from which the forecasts may be launched; 2) making assumptions about the future and adjusting the data or rates in the forecasting models (calibrating the models) to incorporate predicted rates or trends; and 3) reconciling, or adjusting the forecasts so the sum of the sub-area forecasts is consistent with the forecast for the county total. We first develop population projections and then we make adjustments to these projections in order to produce population forecasts. Population projections are developed by extending historical and current demographic and housing trends into the future. Forecasting population requires that assumptions be made about future population change, and adjusting the projection models to account for circumstances that perhaps skewed past trends or may affect future change. Such circumstances in the past could be a building moratorium or the opening of a new group quarters facility. Events affecting future change would be, for example, planned future housing development that is higher than usual, a foreseen change in an area’s physical ability to accommodate growth (buildable land available is approaching capacity or improvements to infrastructure are underway), anticipated changes in the economy (the location of a new employer or the upswing or downturn of the economy in general), or an expected change in the local population and household composition (age, ethnicity, and average household size). Title: Methods and Data for Developing Coordinated Population Forecasts Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center Year: 2015 This document is to accompany the coordinated population forecasts and their corresponding reports prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC). Developing long-term coordinated population forecasts for a county and its sub-areas (UGBs and areas outside UGBs are referred to sub-areas in this document), requires these main stages: 1) compiling and evaluating historical and recent data to ascertain demographic characteristics and trends in the study area and to obtain a population base from which the forecasts may be launched; 2) making assumptions about the future and adjusting the data or rates in the forecasting models (calibrating the models) to incorporate predicted rates or trends; and 3) reconciling, or adjusting the forecasts so the sum of the sub-area forecasts is consistent with the forecast for the county total. We first develop population projections and then we make adjustments to these projections in order to produce population forecasts. Population projections are developed by extending historical and current demographic and housing trends into the future. Forecasting population requires that assumptions be made about future population change, and adjusting the projection models to account for circumstances that perhaps skewed past trends or may affect future change. Such circumstances in the past could be a building moratorium or the opening of a new group quarters facility. Events affecting future change would be, for example, planned future housing development that is higher than usual, a foreseen change in an area’s physical ability to accommodate growth (buildable land available is approaching capacity or improvements to infrastructure are underway), anticipated changes in the economy (the location of a new employer or the upswing or downturn of the economy in general), or an expected change in the local population and household composition (age, ethnicity, and average household size). Close

• 362. [Article] Residential Mobility Push & Pull Factors.

  This thesis examined factors that contribute to residential mobility, specifically looking at which aspects of a family’s current situation pushes them out of their current home and what factors pull them ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Residential Mobility Push & Pull Factors. Author: Holte, Serita C. This thesis examined factors that contribute to residential mobility, specifically looking at which aspects of a family’s current situation pushes them out of their current home and what factors pull them into new locations. Residential mobility is of particular interest to developmental scientists because of the possible detrimental consequences for children (NRC, 2010). We examined a survey sample of 33 low-income rural households and an intensive sample of eight low-income rural families with school-aged children. Using qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, we discovered that push and pull factors were almost equally apparent in the survey sample, in which respondents were asked to state the factors that influenced their most recent move. For the intensive sample, the families gave an account of every move that had taken place in each child’s lifetime. We found that push factors appeared more frequently that pull factors. The push factors numbered 44 and the pull only 24, out of 68 total moves. We discovered that Housing Imperative (the need for immediate housing, lack of housing or discontent) was the most commonly stated push factor in both samples. The most common pull factor in the survey sample was the Affordability of the new location, but in the intensive sample, it was a Kin Network (proximity, dependence or providing/receiving support from relatives or friends). Our findings illustrate the obstacles low-income families face in stabilizing household life and demonstrate the need for decent, safe, and affordable housing options as a means to help families stay in place. Title: Residential Mobility Push & Pull Factors. Author: Holte, Serita C. This thesis examined factors that contribute to residential mobility, specifically looking at which aspects of a family’s current situation pushes them out of their current home and what factors pull them into new locations. Residential mobility is of particular interest to developmental scientists because of the possible detrimental consequences for children (NRC, 2010). We examined a survey sample of 33 low-income rural households and an intensive sample of eight low-income rural families with school-aged children. Using qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, we discovered that push and pull factors were almost equally apparent in the survey sample, in which respondents were asked to state the factors that influenced their most recent move. For the intensive sample, the families gave an account of every move that had taken place in each child’s lifetime. We found that push factors appeared more frequently that pull factors. The push factors numbered 44 and the pull only 24, out of 68 total moves. We discovered that Housing Imperative (the need for immediate housing, lack of housing or discontent) was the most commonly stated push factor in both samples. The most common pull factor in the survey sample was the Affordability of the new location, but in the intensive sample, it was a Kin Network (proximity, dependence or providing/receiving support from relatives or friends). Our findings illustrate the obstacles low-income families face in stabilizing household life and demonstrate the need for decent, safe, and affordable housing options as a means to help families stay in place. Close

• 363. [Article] "Doing weddings" : couples' gender strategies in wedding preparation

  Men today are doing more household labor than in previous generations, but research suggests that gender still strongly influences household labor. A great deal of labor goes into creating family rituals, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Doing weddings" : couples' gender strategies in wedding preparation Author: Humble, Aine M. Men today are doing more household labor than in previous generations, but research suggests that gender still strongly influences household labor. A great deal of labor goes into creating family rituals, which may be central carriers for gender construction. Weddings, in particular, are rituals based on a gender dichotomy that influences the division of labor. This qualitative study examined how couples constructed and negotiated gender in wedding planning. Spouses in 21 first-time married couples were interviewed separately within one year of marrying. Questions focused on how weddings were planned and who was responsible for what tasks. Analysis, which was guided by the gender perspective (Thompson, 1993), revealed that gender typically was constructed in ways that replicated dominant gender norms, but some couples did show resistance to the social structure. At the aggregate level, brides tended to do more wedding work than grooms, but there was a range of gendered behavior at the dyad level. Similar to previous research, three couple types emerged. In traditional couples, brides planned their weddings with the help of other women, and brides and grooms were satisfied with this arrangement. In transitional couples, grooms helped out more, but brides still were responsible for most of the labor. These couples experienced occasional conflict when they tried to share work equally yet fell back into stereotypical roles of involved brides and distant grooms. Brides and grooms in egalitarian couples shared work more equally, and were more likely than the other two groups to question gendered traditions. Traditional and transitional couples used gender strategies that reproduced dominant gendered norms, whereas egalitarian couples did not use such strategies. Gender strategies revolved around: (a) the sociohistorical ideology that weddings are for women, (b) brides' presumed organizational skills, (c) grooms' peripheral involvement, (d) gendered employment and home environments, and (f) gender assessment between brides and grooms and from others. Overall, the dominance of the cultural script that weddings are for women influenced traditional and transitional couples' gender strategies and wedding work. Wedding planning was more likely to be shared when weddings were seen as for couples rather than for women. Title: "Doing weddings" : couples' gender strategies in wedding preparation Author: Humble, Aine M. Men today are doing more household labor than in previous generations, but research suggests that gender still strongly influences household labor. A great deal of labor goes into creating family rituals, which may be central carriers for gender construction. Weddings, in particular, are rituals based on a gender dichotomy that influences the division of labor. This qualitative study examined how couples constructed and negotiated gender in wedding planning. Spouses in 21 first-time married couples were interviewed separately within one year of marrying. Questions focused on how weddings were planned and who was responsible for what tasks. Analysis, which was guided by the gender perspective (Thompson, 1993), revealed that gender typically was constructed in ways that replicated dominant gender norms, but some couples did show resistance to the social structure. At the aggregate level, brides tended to do more wedding work than grooms, but there was a range of gendered behavior at the dyad level. Similar to previous research, three couple types emerged. In traditional couples, brides planned their weddings with the help of other women, and brides and grooms were satisfied with this arrangement. In transitional couples, grooms helped out more, but brides still were responsible for most of the labor. These couples experienced occasional conflict when they tried to share work equally yet fell back into stereotypical roles of involved brides and distant grooms. Brides and grooms in egalitarian couples shared work more equally, and were more likely than the other two groups to question gendered traditions. Traditional and transitional couples used gender strategies that reproduced dominant gendered norms, whereas egalitarian couples did not use such strategies. Gender strategies revolved around: (a) the sociohistorical ideology that weddings are for women, (b) brides' presumed organizational skills, (c) grooms' peripheral involvement, (d) gendered employment and home environments, and (f) gender assessment between brides and grooms and from others. Overall, the dominance of the cultural script that weddings are for women influenced traditional and transitional couples' gender strategies and wedding work. Wedding planning was more likely to be shared when weddings were seen as for couples rather than for women. Close

• 364. [Article] The Women of Petatán, a Fish-processing Village in Lake Chapala, Mexico

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Women of Petatán, a Fish-processing Village in Lake Chapala, Mexico Author: Pedroza-Gutiérrez, Carmen Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: The Women of Petatán, a Fish-processing Village in Lake Chapala, Mexico Author: Pedroza-Gutiérrez, Carmen Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 365. [Article] Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Health in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities

  Childhood obesity is an extensively research topic as it effects a large number of individuals and has serious consequences on those effected. Current statistics estimate roughly 17% of the youth population ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Health in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities Author: Heinonen, Gregory Childhood obesity is an extensively research topic as it effects a large number of individuals and has serious consequences on those effected. Current statistics estimate roughly 17% of the youth population is now obese. However, the spread of these cases is not equally distributed. Certain populations are at increased risk for becoming obese or overweight, including certain ethnic groups, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and lastly, the focus of this research, children with developmental disabilities. Previous studies have showed children with developmental disabilities face increased rates of overweight and obesity compared to their peers without disabilities. Furthermore, additional research has highlighted the direct influence that parental factors, most prominently parental weight status, can have on typically developing children. However, little research has shown the effect that parental weight status has on the health of children with developmental disabilities. Because of the increased dependence on parents, it is possible that these effects are magnified in children with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this research is to strengthen findings from previous research correlating the health of parents and their children and to examine the influence that parental weight status has on the weight status of young children with a range of developmental disabilities. Significant correlations were observed between parent and child weight (p = 0.002) and child weight and household income (p = .03). When child overweight was indicated as the dependent variable, linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship with parent overweight (p=.001) after controlling for household income (p=.007) and gender of the child participant. These results corroborate what previous studies of typically developing children and their parents have found which is that increased parent weight status correlates with an observed increased weight status of their children. Due to the serious negative consequences that childhood obesity can have, early identification and subsequent intervention for children at increased risk for being overweight/ obese is imperative in decreasing the immediate and long term negative health consequences. Title: Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Health in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities Author: Heinonen, Gregory Childhood obesity is an extensively research topic as it effects a large number of individuals and has serious consequences on those effected. Current statistics estimate roughly 17% of the youth population is now obese. However, the spread of these cases is not equally distributed. Certain populations are at increased risk for becoming obese or overweight, including certain ethnic groups, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and lastly, the focus of this research, children with developmental disabilities. Previous studies have showed children with developmental disabilities face increased rates of overweight and obesity compared to their peers without disabilities. Furthermore, additional research has highlighted the direct influence that parental factors, most prominently parental weight status, can have on typically developing children. However, little research has shown the effect that parental weight status has on the health of children with developmental disabilities. Because of the increased dependence on parents, it is possible that these effects are magnified in children with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this research is to strengthen findings from previous research correlating the health of parents and their children and to examine the influence that parental weight status has on the weight status of young children with a range of developmental disabilities. Significant correlations were observed between parent and child weight (p = 0.002) and child weight and household income (p = .03). When child overweight was indicated as the dependent variable, linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship with parent overweight (p=.001) after controlling for household income (p=.007) and gender of the child participant. These results corroborate what previous studies of typically developing children and their parents have found which is that increased parent weight status correlates with an observed increased weight status of their children. Due to the serious negative consequences that childhood obesity can have, early identification and subsequent intervention for children at increased risk for being overweight/ obese is imperative in decreasing the immediate and long term negative health consequences. Close

• 366. [Article] Moving on : the effects of frequent childhood mobility on a low-income population

  The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frequent childhood mobility and perceived social support, education level, and economic well-being in a sample of former Even Start parents. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Moving on : the effects of frequent childhood mobility on a low-income population Author: Hilberg, Beth Alyne The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frequent childhood mobility and perceived social support, education level, and economic well-being in a sample of former Even Start parents. Theoretically the mechanisms for the disruption of frequent mobility are studied through both social capital theory and an ecological model. As individuals are uprooted and moved from one environment to the next they are faced with the developmental challenge of continuous adaptation. With each move losses of social capital at the individual, family, and community level are experienced. The most striking factor about the results of the qualitative analysis is the parallel it finds to previous quantitative studies on the outcomes and risk factors of frequent mobility. The participants who experienced frequent mobility in childhood described lives that were chaotic and uncertain. Frequent childhood mobility was directly mentioned by several of the participants as a factor increasing hardship in their lives, associated with participants' retrospective accounts of their poverty status in childhood and their economic status at the time of the interviews. A lack of significant parental social support in the group experiencing high childhood mobility, and its presence in the low childhood mobility group suggests the disruption frequent childhood mobility may cause in the ability of this group to obtain needed parental social support. In a population where risk factors are already present frequent childhood mobility seems to be a key factor in further reducing life chances. Title: Moving on : the effects of frequent childhood mobility on a low-income population Author: Hilberg, Beth Alyne The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frequent childhood mobility and perceived social support, education level, and economic well-being in a sample of former Even Start parents. Theoretically the mechanisms for the disruption of frequent mobility are studied through both social capital theory and an ecological model. As individuals are uprooted and moved from one environment to the next they are faced with the developmental challenge of continuous adaptation. With each move losses of social capital at the individual, family, and community level are experienced. The most striking factor about the results of the qualitative analysis is the parallel it finds to previous quantitative studies on the outcomes and risk factors of frequent mobility. The participants who experienced frequent mobility in childhood described lives that were chaotic and uncertain. Frequent childhood mobility was directly mentioned by several of the participants as a factor increasing hardship in their lives, associated with participants' retrospective accounts of their poverty status in childhood and their economic status at the time of the interviews. A lack of significant parental social support in the group experiencing high childhood mobility, and its presence in the low childhood mobility group suggests the disruption frequent childhood mobility may cause in the ability of this group to obtain needed parental social support. In a population where risk factors are already present frequent childhood mobility seems to be a key factor in further reducing life chances. Close

• 367. [Article] Strategies for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh

  The adoption of modem agricultural technologies in Bangladesh increases overall agricultural productivity and income primarily through the increase in cereal crop production. It, however, impedes the productivity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strategies for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh Author: Islam, Md. Shahidul The adoption of modem agricultural technologies in Bangladesh increases overall agricultural productivity and income primarily through the increase in cereal crop production. It, however, impedes the productivity of several other minor crops and fishes, widens the distribution of income between the rich and the poor, exploits resources and obstructs the sustainability of agricultural production. This study, therefore, formulates strategies to achieve sustainable agricultural production in Bangladesh. Specifically, the study (1) empirically estimates the effects of modem technologies on the sustainability of agricultural production and on the distribution of income between the rich and the poor, and (2) identifies policy variables responsible for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. The study uses index number theory and derives the technological change index and the sustainability index as measures of technological progress and sustainability of the agricultural sector. Empirical estimates of such indices are made based on primary and secondary information collected from the Mymensingh region, north-central part of Bangladesh. Results reveal that the agricultural sector of the region has exhibited an overall technological progress during the past two decades but has not been sustainable. Households with lower income have enjoyed relatively less technological progress compared to those with higher income. Lower income households are less likely to achieve sustainability under current policy trajectory, implying that the increased adoption of modern technologies widens the distribution of income and obstructs the sustainability of agricultural production. Implementing alternative technological and economic policies, Bangladesh agriculture can be guided toward a sustainable agriculture. Generation of alternative rural employment for surplus labor; emphasis on production sectors that demand less land but more labor, i.e., poultry production; assurance of stable and secured market prices for agricultural products; and generation of easily adoptable technologies for small farms are some promising policy objectives for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. Title: Strategies for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh Author: Islam, Md. Shahidul The adoption of modem agricultural technologies in Bangladesh increases overall agricultural productivity and income primarily through the increase in cereal crop production. It, however, impedes the productivity of several other minor crops and fishes, widens the distribution of income between the rich and the poor, exploits resources and obstructs the sustainability of agricultural production. This study, therefore, formulates strategies to achieve sustainable agricultural production in Bangladesh. Specifically, the study (1) empirically estimates the effects of modem technologies on the sustainability of agricultural production and on the distribution of income between the rich and the poor, and (2) identifies policy variables responsible for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. The study uses index number theory and derives the technological change index and the sustainability index as measures of technological progress and sustainability of the agricultural sector. Empirical estimates of such indices are made based on primary and secondary information collected from the Mymensingh region, north-central part of Bangladesh. Results reveal that the agricultural sector of the region has exhibited an overall technological progress during the past two decades but has not been sustainable. Households with lower income have enjoyed relatively less technological progress compared to those with higher income. Lower income households are less likely to achieve sustainability under current policy trajectory, implying that the increased adoption of modern technologies widens the distribution of income and obstructs the sustainability of agricultural production. Implementing alternative technological and economic policies, Bangladesh agriculture can be guided toward a sustainable agriculture. Generation of alternative rural employment for surplus labor; emphasis on production sectors that demand less land but more labor, i.e., poultry production; assurance of stable and secured market prices for agricultural products; and generation of easily adoptable technologies for small farms are some promising policy objectives for the development of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. Close

• 368. [Article] Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives

  Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives Author: Nguyen, Phuoc, Le, Tuan, Le Tat, Chau Uyen, Nguyen, Linh Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There are many livelihood activities as fishing, aquaculture and farming. Aquaculture systems are diversified: pond, net-closure in high and low tide systems and farmers and communities had to choose and select proper species and models for adaptation of the regions but they still have not successful, even they lost investment money and capital by environmental problems and uncorrected carrying capacity leading to diseases and low productions. Research results were showed the different technical approaches and aquaculture system alternatives for property aquaculture models in the regions. More than 267 aquaculture households of 15 communes in 5 districts that related to Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon were investigated and shown the figures on over 4000 ha of aquaculture water area of 33 communes: high/low tides of pond systems; cage culture in low tide systems; sandy shrimp culture system; integrated poly-culture and monoculture, while P. monodon was main species in all of systems and models. Efficiency of different alternatives were conducted in intensive of high tide was highest income, net income 100 - 700 mil. VND; semi-intensive of high tide-mono, 10 - 25 mil.; semi-intensive high tide-integrated poly-culture, 20 -40 mil.; semi-intensive-low tide-mono, 3 - 10 mil.; extensive-low tide-poly, 30 -50 mil.; marine water cage culture-poly, 25 - 35 mil., respectively. Effect of different species alternatives were on 267 households in differences, 26.99; 90.22; 221.13; 48.21, P < 0.01. The stock density and composition was conducted in differences of income and benefit for farmers, P < 0.05. Water control and management, dietary composition and feed processing, animal health management were effected on the income and benefit of aquaculture models, P < 0.01 and 0.001. Title: Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives Author: Nguyen, Phuoc, Le, Tuan, Le Tat, Chau Uyen, Nguyen, Linh Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There are many livelihood activities as fishing, aquaculture and farming. Aquaculture systems are diversified: pond, net-closure in high and low tide systems and farmers and communities had to choose and select proper species and models for adaptation of the regions but they still have not successful, even they lost investment money and capital by environmental problems and uncorrected carrying capacity leading to diseases and low productions. Research results were showed the different technical approaches and aquaculture system alternatives for property aquaculture models in the regions. More than 267 aquaculture households of 15 communes in 5 districts that related to Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon were investigated and shown the figures on over 4000 ha of aquaculture water area of 33 communes: high/low tides of pond systems; cage culture in low tide systems; sandy shrimp culture system; integrated poly-culture and monoculture, while P. monodon was main species in all of systems and models. Efficiency of different alternatives were conducted in intensive of high tide was highest income, net income 100 - 700 mil. VND; semi-intensive of high tide-mono, 10 - 25 mil.; semi-intensive high tide-integrated poly-culture, 20 -40 mil.; semi-intensive-low tide-mono, 3 - 10 mil.; extensive-low tide-poly, 30 -50 mil.; marine water cage culture-poly, 25 - 35 mil., respectively. Effect of different species alternatives were on 267 households in differences, 26.99; 90.22; 221.13; 48.21, P < 0.01. The stock density and composition was conducted in differences of income and benefit for farmers, P < 0.05. Water control and management, dietary composition and feed processing, animal health management were effected on the income and benefit of aquaculture models, P < 0.01 and 0.001. Close

• 369. [Article] Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand

  This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized on the enhancement of the livelihood of the farmers. Data was collected by interviewing 164 farmers, who reside in the affected-tsunami areas. The study showed that a large number of farmers were engaged in fish cage culture and small-scale fisheries as main occupations. However, the income from these economic activities could not provide enough for their basic expense, this caused by the effects of tsunami on cage culture. Therefore many farmers have to work as labors. A Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Program since year 2005 has been trying to help and support farmers a fund to improve the materials of aquacultural cages and fishing gears. The analyses showed that the quality and quantity of equipment, seeds and feeds invested in aquaculture farms were increased (P<0.01) comparison to pre-recovery period. Importantly, the farm area, growth rate, amount of product and revenue were improved (P<0.05) during the post-tsunami rehabilitation period. Additionally, the area and quality of house, household consumption, household infrastructures, health care and education were also improved (P<0.01). The satisfaction of farmers regard to the recovery programs was quite high (WAI=3.88). However, their expectation was to have more support of fund and knowledge/technology transfer. In this study, we also found that the knowledge on fish marketing and culture techniques were poor. Lack of alternative income generation would threat on cage culture and small-scale fisheries. Henceforth, the rehabilitation program should be more paid attention on these findings. Capacity building for community strengthening was also important for sustainable post-tsunami aquaculture and small-scale fisheries in this area. Title: Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized on the enhancement of the livelihood of the farmers. Data was collected by interviewing 164 farmers, who reside in the affected-tsunami areas. The study showed that a large number of farmers were engaged in fish cage culture and small-scale fisheries as main occupations. However, the income from these economic activities could not provide enough for their basic expense, this caused by the effects of tsunami on cage culture. Therefore many farmers have to work as labors. A Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Program since year 2005 has been trying to help and support farmers a fund to improve the materials of aquacultural cages and fishing gears. The analyses showed that the quality and quantity of equipment, seeds and feeds invested in aquaculture farms were increased (P<0.01) comparison to pre-recovery period. Importantly, the farm area, growth rate, amount of product and revenue were improved (P<0.05) during the post-tsunami rehabilitation period. Additionally, the area and quality of house, household consumption, household infrastructures, health care and education were also improved (P<0.01). The satisfaction of farmers regard to the recovery programs was quite high (WAI=3.88). However, their expectation was to have more support of fund and knowledge/technology transfer. In this study, we also found that the knowledge on fish marketing and culture techniques were poor. Lack of alternative income generation would threat on cage culture and small-scale fisheries. Henceforth, the rehabilitation program should be more paid attention on these findings. Capacity building for community strengthening was also important for sustainable post-tsunami aquaculture and small-scale fisheries in this area. Close

• 370. [Article] An Examination of Productivity Potential of Aquaculture Farms in Alleviating Household Poverty: Estimation and Policy Implications from Nigeria

  This study examines income generation potential and resource- use efficiency of aquaculture farms in Nigeria. A total of 120 aquaculture farms were sampled. Using gross margin (GM) analysis, the result ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Examination of Productivity Potential of Aquaculture Farms in Alleviating Household Poverty: Estimation and Policy Implications from Nigeria Author: Ogundari, Kolawole This study examines income generation potential and resource- use efficiency of aquaculture farms in Nigeria. A total of 120 aquaculture farms were sampled. Using gross margin (GM) analysis, the result shows that, all the sampled farms were able to cover their total operating expenses with an average GM > 200,000 naira per annum. The assessed parameters of resource use-efficiency of the farms with stochastic frontier models (SFM) revealed that, elasticities of inputs, such as: pond size, feeds, fingerlings, and other costs were significantly different from zero. While returns to scale of 1.16 obtained from the analysis suggests that, an average farm from the study, exhibits increasing returns to scale. The estimated efficiency score revealed a significant level of inefficiency with an average technical efficiency of about 81%. This suggests that about 19% potential yield are forgone due to inefficiency from the study. The result of sources of technical efficiency shows that; extension, education, stocking density, and credit significantly influenced efficiency of the farms. Similarly, the result of the simulated marginal effects of the inefficiency variables shows that, extension has the highest marginal effects on the efficiency score follows by credit, education, and stocking density. The implications of these findings, therefore, suggest that, aquaculture will provide potential channel of income generation for households in the country considering the size of the profit obtained from the analysis. However, as matter of policy concern, extension with the highest simulated marginal effects on the efficiency score is expected to generate a large increase in the overall performance of the sector if strengthen for sustainable fish production in Nigeria. Title: An Examination of Productivity Potential of Aquaculture Farms in Alleviating Household Poverty: Estimation and Policy Implications from Nigeria Author: Ogundari, Kolawole This study examines income generation potential and resource- use efficiency of aquaculture farms in Nigeria. A total of 120 aquaculture farms were sampled. Using gross margin (GM) analysis, the result shows that, all the sampled farms were able to cover their total operating expenses with an average GM > 200,000 naira per annum. The assessed parameters of resource use-efficiency of the farms with stochastic frontier models (SFM) revealed that, elasticities of inputs, such as: pond size, feeds, fingerlings, and other costs were significantly different from zero. While returns to scale of 1.16 obtained from the analysis suggests that, an average farm from the study, exhibits increasing returns to scale. The estimated efficiency score revealed a significant level of inefficiency with an average technical efficiency of about 81%. This suggests that about 19% potential yield are forgone due to inefficiency from the study. The result of sources of technical efficiency shows that; extension, education, stocking density, and credit significantly influenced efficiency of the farms. Similarly, the result of the simulated marginal effects of the inefficiency variables shows that, extension has the highest marginal effects on the efficiency score follows by credit, education, and stocking density. The implications of these findings, therefore, suggest that, aquaculture will provide potential channel of income generation for households in the country considering the size of the profit obtained from the analysis. However, as matter of policy concern, extension with the highest simulated marginal effects on the efficiency score is expected to generate a large increase in the overall performance of the sector if strengthen for sustainable fish production in Nigeria. Close