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• 1391. [Article] A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution

  The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution Author: Cox, Matthew M. The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, stream network locations, elevation and stream discharge are utilized by WET-Temp to quantify geometric relationships between the sun, stream channel and riparian areas. These relationships are used to estimate the energy gained or lost by the stream via various heat flux processes (solar and longwave radiation, evaporation, convection and advection). The sum of these processes is expressed as a differential energy balance equation applied at discrete locations across the stream network. The model describes diurnal temperature dynamics at each of these locations and thus temperature distribution across the entire network. WET-Temp is calibrated to a tributary of the South Santiam River in western Oregon, McDowell Creek. The mean differences between measured and modeled values in McDowell Creek were 0.6°C for daily maximum temperature and 1.3°C for daily minimum temperature. The model was then used to predict maximum and minimum temperatures in an adjacent tributary, Hamilton Creek. The mean differences between modeled and measured values in this paired basin were 1.8°C for daily maximum temperatures and 1.4°C for daily minimum temperatures. Influences of model parameters on modeled temperature distributions are explored in a sensitivity analysis. The ability of WET-Temp to utilize spatially explicit datasets in estimating temperature distributions across stream networks advances the state of the art in modeling stream temperature. Title: A spatially explicit network-based model for estimating stream temperature distribution Author: Cox, Matthew M. The WET-Temp (Watershed Evaluation Tool Temperature) model is designed to take advantage of spatially explicit datasets to predict stream temperature distribution. Datasets describing vegetation cover, stream network locations, elevation and stream discharge are utilized by WET-Temp to quantify geometric relationships between the sun, stream channel and riparian areas. These relationships are used to estimate the energy gained or lost by the stream via various heat flux processes (solar and longwave radiation, evaporation, convection and advection). The sum of these processes is expressed as a differential energy balance equation applied at discrete locations across the stream network. The model describes diurnal temperature dynamics at each of these locations and thus temperature distribution across the entire network. WET-Temp is calibrated to a tributary of the South Santiam River in western Oregon, McDowell Creek. The mean differences between measured and modeled values in McDowell Creek were 0.6°C for daily maximum temperature and 1.3°C for daily minimum temperature. The model was then used to predict maximum and minimum temperatures in an adjacent tributary, Hamilton Creek. The mean differences between modeled and measured values in this paired basin were 1.8°C for daily maximum temperatures and 1.4°C for daily minimum temperatures. Influences of model parameters on modeled temperature distributions are explored in a sensitivity analysis. The ability of WET-Temp to utilize spatially explicit datasets in estimating temperature distributions across stream networks advances the state of the art in modeling stream temperature. Close

• 1392. [Article] International wildlife law and the geography of the commons

  Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: International wildlife law and the geography of the commons Author: Giordano, Mark Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the "tragedy of the commons," and solutions to commons problems are often sought through the establishment of rights regimes. An examination of the rights regimes used to govern water and salmon use in the U.S. Pacific Northwest's Columbia River watershed reveals variation both by resource type and political scale (international, national, tribal, state). It is hypothesized that this variation is due to the differing spatial characteristics of the resources in question. To further examine this hypothesis, a scale and space explicit theory of the commons problem is proposed. The theory is used to provide insights into the varied nature of the commons phenomena and culminates with a typology dividing common resources into one of three categories-open access, migratory and fugitive- based on their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the spatial categorization of a given resource need not be static but rather may depend on the political or administrative scale at which the resource is considered, a result suggesting that solutions to a commons problem should also vary across scales. As a first test of the theory, a case study of the use of law in establishing rights to international wildlife is conducted. To undertake the exercise, a typology of the processes by which wildlife may be internationalized is developed, and the world's largest known collection of international wildlife treaties, numbering more than 500, is collected and analyzed. A partial test of the hypothesis relating variation in the rights regimes used to govern international wildlife to the spatial aspects of the wildlife in question reveals that international wildlife law has expanded over time in terms of volume, species coverage, geographic range, and, perhaps most importantly, goals. These changes are themselves due to a combination of improving technologies, increasing recognition of wildlife scarcity, and evolving human values related to wildlife management and use, a finding with important implications for the development of future international wildlife law. Title: International wildlife law and the geography of the commons Author: Giordano, Mark Common resources are those for which rights to use, access and management have not been assigned. Common resources are frequently subject to over-exploitation, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the "tragedy of the commons," and solutions to commons problems are often sought through the establishment of rights regimes. An examination of the rights regimes used to govern water and salmon use in the U.S. Pacific Northwest's Columbia River watershed reveals variation both by resource type and political scale (international, national, tribal, state). It is hypothesized that this variation is due to the differing spatial characteristics of the resources in question. To further examine this hypothesis, a scale and space explicit theory of the commons problem is proposed. The theory is used to provide insights into the varied nature of the commons phenomena and culminates with a typology dividing common resources into one of three categories-open access, migratory and fugitive- based on their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the spatial categorization of a given resource need not be static but rather may depend on the political or administrative scale at which the resource is considered, a result suggesting that solutions to a commons problem should also vary across scales. As a first test of the theory, a case study of the use of law in establishing rights to international wildlife is conducted. To undertake the exercise, a typology of the processes by which wildlife may be internationalized is developed, and the world's largest known collection of international wildlife treaties, numbering more than 500, is collected and analyzed. A partial test of the hypothesis relating variation in the rights regimes used to govern international wildlife to the spatial aspects of the wildlife in question reveals that international wildlife law has expanded over time in terms of volume, species coverage, geographic range, and, perhaps most importantly, goals. These changes are themselves due to a combination of improving technologies, increasing recognition of wildlife scarcity, and evolving human values related to wildlife management and use, a finding with important implications for the development of future international wildlife law. Close

• 1393. [Article] Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses

  The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses Author: Hanna, J. Edward, Koveshnikova, Tatiana, Talhelm, Daniel R., Victor, Peter The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. Angling sites and participation are modeled as a system of product supplies and demands; changes in angling quality at specific sites are evaluated as changes in the supplies of relevant products. PTC assumes that each angler chooses from a selection of angling opportunities (i.e., products) based on access cost (i.e., travel cost) and the nature of each angling product. Key factors defining angling products (e.g., success rate, fish size) are derived from angler travel patterns: Anglers are assumed indifferent between sites providing identical angling products, so choose the lowest cost site. Therefore, the benefits of any management action not only differ from average welfare-change values, but are also site-specific. Changing angling attributes at a site changes its angling product: a unit of the existing product (potentially decreasing its supply) is lost while a unit of the newly created product is produced (potentially increasing its supply). Changes in supply at one site may alter angler participation patterns and the value of angling opportunities at the affected site plus at many other sites as well. Credit Valley Conservation contracted the application of the PTC examined here, namely angling in the Credit River watershed near Toronto, Canada. Average angler consumer surplus was estimated at $40 per angler day and varied according to angling product, location and season. Title: Predicting Resource Management Benefits By Simulating Angler Demand and Supply Responses Author: Hanna, J. Edward, Koveshnikova, Tatiana, Talhelm, Daniel R., Victor, Peter The “product” travel cost model (PTC) improves supply and substitution specification in travel cost models (TCM), eliminating common biases in estimating welfare effects of qualitative changes at specific sites. Angling sites and participation are modeled as a system of product supplies and demands; changes in angling quality at specific sites are evaluated as changes in the supplies of relevant products. PTC assumes that each angler chooses from a selection of angling opportunities (i.e., products) based on access cost (i.e., travel cost) and the nature of each angling product. Key factors defining angling products (e.g., success rate, fish size) are derived from angler travel patterns: Anglers are assumed indifferent between sites providing identical angling products, so choose the lowest cost site. Therefore, the benefits of any management action not only differ from average welfare-change values, but are also site-specific. Changing angling attributes at a site changes its angling product: a unit of the existing product (potentially decreasing its supply) is lost while a unit of the newly created product is produced (potentially increasing its supply). Changes in supply at one site may alter angler participation patterns and the value of angling opportunities at the affected site plus at many other sites as well. Credit Valley Conservation contracted the application of the PTC examined here, namely angling in the Credit River watershed near Toronto, Canada. Average angler consumer surplus was estimated at $40 per angler day and varied according to angling product, location and season. Close

• 1394. [Article] Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities

  Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities Author: Nuppenau, Ernst-August Year: 2001 Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are negatively affected by high eutrophic levels fisheries. Concerning causes of pollution, agriculture, subject to overuse of fertilizer and pesticides, is regarded as the main polluter. Environmental regulations on farm practices, such as animal waste and fertilizer application, seek to minimize shocks imposed by eutrophying substances. Since many waters already show high concentrations of these substances, even cleaning is needed. In the dynamic context of eutrophication, which results from multiple polluters and is accumulated over time, damage to water quality depends on stocks and flows of pollutants. The paper presents a model that counts for limitation of inflows and attributed levels of farm activity to pollution. The paper applies a combination of dynamic control and political economy models, optimized by a manager of a common property, a clean lake, a river or, more generally, an interconnected watershed. It seeks to achieve an agreed level of cleanness or eutrophic levels of water on behalf of a community. A political economy model depicts the bargaining process for the establishment of an objective function of the community. The manager is a partial manager, not a benevolent dictator, but has statutory power to regulate fertilizer application on lake shores and alleviate eutrophication with nutrients. Benefits are purified waters that benefit all members, including fishermen. As institutions, the approach investigates the tragedy of the commons and statutory regulations. Financial innovations for compensation are also possible. Title: Cleaning of Eutrophic Inland Waters for Fishery and Amenities: On the Treatment of Dynamic Aspects in Political Economy Modelling of Statutory Regulations in Polluting Communities Author: Nuppenau, Ernst-August Year: 2001 Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are negatively affected by high eutrophic levels fisheries. Concerning causes of pollution, agriculture, subject to overuse of fertilizer and pesticides, is regarded as the main polluter. Environmental regulations on farm practices, such as animal waste and fertilizer application, seek to minimize shocks imposed by eutrophying substances. Since many waters already show high concentrations of these substances, even cleaning is needed. In the dynamic context of eutrophication, which results from multiple polluters and is accumulated over time, damage to water quality depends on stocks and flows of pollutants. The paper presents a model that counts for limitation of inflows and attributed levels of farm activity to pollution. The paper applies a combination of dynamic control and political economy models, optimized by a manager of a common property, a clean lake, a river or, more generally, an interconnected watershed. It seeks to achieve an agreed level of cleanness or eutrophic levels of water on behalf of a community. A political economy model depicts the bargaining process for the establishment of an objective function of the community. The manager is a partial manager, not a benevolent dictator, but has statutory power to regulate fertilizer application on lake shores and alleviate eutrophication with nutrients. Benefits are purified waters that benefit all members, including fishermen. As institutions, the approach investigates the tragedy of the commons and statutory regulations. Financial innovations for compensation are also possible. Close

• 1395. [Article] Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information

  Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information Author: Wirth, Andrea A. Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008. Title: Digital Watersheds: One Library's Approach to Expanding Access to Water Resources Information Author: Wirth, Andrea A. Published in the Proceedings of the Geoscience Information Society, volume 39, 2008. Close

• 1396. [Article] Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Barnhart, Bradley, Whittaker, Gerald To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecological-indicators. Title: Application of index number theory to the construction of a water quality index: Aggregated nutrient loadings related to the areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico Author: Färe, Rolf, Grosskopf, Shawna, Barnhart, Bradley, Whittaker, Gerald To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecological-indicators. Close

• 1397. [Article] Enhancing the effectiveness of conservation easements through trust building, partner coordination, and cooperation

  2 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhancing the effectiveness of conservation easements through trust building, partner coordination, and cooperation Author: University of Oregon. Ecosystem Workforce Program Year: 2016, 2013 2 pages Title: Enhancing the effectiveness of conservation easements through trust building, partner coordination, and cooperation Author: University of Oregon. Ecosystem Workforce Program Year: 2016, 2013 2 pages Close

• 1398. [Article] Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project

  Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project Author: Roth, Travis R., Nolin, Anne W. Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K" Title: Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project Author: Roth, Travis R., Nolin, Anne W. Suggested citation: "Roth, Travis R.; Nolin, Anne W. (2016): Willamette Water 2100 Forest Elevational Snow Transect (ForEST) Project. OSU Libraries. Dataset. http://doi.org/10.7267/N900001K" Close

• 1399. [Article] IMST review of ODFW's draft Conservation and recovery plan for Oregon steelhead populations in the Middle Columbia River steelhead distinct population segment (November 2007 draft)

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: IMST review of ODFW's draft Conservation and recovery plan for Oregon steelhead populations in the Middle Columbia River steelhead distinct population segment (November 2007 draft) Year: 2008 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: IMST review of ODFW's draft Conservation and recovery plan for Oregon steelhead populations in the Middle Columbia River steelhead distinct population segment (November 2007 draft) Year: 2008 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 1400. [Article] FishXing: evaluation of fish passage culvert model and comparision with Oregon Department of Forestry's compliance with fish passage and peak flow requirements at stream crossings

  FishXing (fish crossing), a computer aided stream crossing culvert model designed to analyze fish passage through culverts was compared with results of an Oregon Department of Forestry fish passage monitoring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: FishXing: evaluation of fish passage culvert model and comparision with Oregon Department of Forestry's compliance with fish passage and peak flow requirements at stream crossings Author: Morrissette, Brett A. FishXing (fish crossing), a computer aided stream crossing culvert model designed to analyze fish passage through culverts was compared with results of an Oregon Department of Forestry fish passage monitoring report. FishXing was created at Humboldt State University through sponsorship from the US Forest Service, USDA, Stream Team, Six Rivers National Forest, San Dimas Technology and Development Center, The Watershed Stewards Project, and the Federal Highway Administration. A comparison was made between results generated using FishXing with results found by ODF in the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF): Compliance With Fish Passage and Peak Flow Requirements at Stream Crossings monitoring project. Stream crossing culvert data from the ODF fish passage study was used to run FishXing. The ODF monitoring project investigated 74 fish passage culvert installations that were constructed following approval of Written Plans filed with ODF in 1998. (An approved Written Plan is equivalent to a permit with ODF). Information about culvert installations was analyzed using FishXing. Four different trials were run for each culvert using both adult and juvenile Coho Salmon and Cutthroat trout using the FishXing software. Three trials used the default values for swimming abilities of adult and juvenile Coho salmon and adult Cutthroat trout. Juvenile Cutthroat trout were also included in the comparison; however, FishXing did not contain a default setting for them. Therefore, a velocity of 2 feet per second (fj,$), the current target velocity for stream crossings on fish 111 bearing streams in the state of Oregon, was used for juvenile Cutthroat trout (ODFW 2). After making comparisons with the preliminary ODF results, further study was done to assess the accuracy of the calculations carried out within FishXing. This was based on Manning's equation (V=1 .49/n*R2"3*Sh"2) and other formulas given in the "help" section of FishXing. Flow calculations were also compared with the Haestad Culvert Master program. The results produced using Manning's equation show no statistical difference from those generated using FishXing. Furthermore, there was an insignificant statistical difference found between FishXing-generated output and that of Culvert Master. Positive and negative attributes concerning FishXing are addressed at the end of the report. Title: FishXing: evaluation of fish passage culvert model and comparision with Oregon Department of Forestry's compliance with fish passage and peak flow requirements at stream crossings Author: Morrissette, Brett A. FishXing (fish crossing), a computer aided stream crossing culvert model designed to analyze fish passage through culverts was compared with results of an Oregon Department of Forestry fish passage monitoring report. FishXing was created at Humboldt State University through sponsorship from the US Forest Service, USDA, Stream Team, Six Rivers National Forest, San Dimas Technology and Development Center, The Watershed Stewards Project, and the Federal Highway Administration. A comparison was made between results generated using FishXing with results found by ODF in the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF): Compliance With Fish Passage and Peak Flow Requirements at Stream Crossings monitoring project. Stream crossing culvert data from the ODF fish passage study was used to run FishXing. The ODF monitoring project investigated 74 fish passage culvert installations that were constructed following approval of Written Plans filed with ODF in 1998. (An approved Written Plan is equivalent to a permit with ODF). Information about culvert installations was analyzed using FishXing. Four different trials were run for each culvert using both adult and juvenile Coho Salmon and Cutthroat trout using the FishXing software. Three trials used the default values for swimming abilities of adult and juvenile Coho salmon and adult Cutthroat trout. Juvenile Cutthroat trout were also included in the comparison; however, FishXing did not contain a default setting for them. Therefore, a velocity of 2 feet per second (fj,$), the current target velocity for stream crossings on fish 111 bearing streams in the state of Oregon, was used for juvenile Cutthroat trout (ODFW 2). After making comparisons with the preliminary ODF results, further study was done to assess the accuracy of the calculations carried out within FishXing. This was based on Manning's equation (V=1 .49/n*R2"3*Sh"2) and other formulas given in the "help" section of FishXing. Flow calculations were also compared with the Haestad Culvert Master program. The results produced using Manning's equation show no statistical difference from those generated using FishXing. Furthermore, there was an insignificant statistical difference found between FishXing-generated output and that of Culvert Master. Positive and negative attributes concerning FishXing are addressed at the end of the report. Close