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• 121. [Article] Ecology of adult day care for family caregivers

  The purpose of the study was to learn more about the ways in which caregivers perceive the effects of adult day services. The goal was to help inform adult day providers about services family caregivers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of adult day care for family caregivers Author: Patterson, Susan L. The purpose of the study was to learn more about the ways in which caregivers perceive the effects of adult day services. The goal was to help inform adult day providers about services family caregivers find useful. An ecological model was used as a framework. Data were collected from focus groups consisting of spouse and nonspouse family caregivers of past and current participants in two different program models of adult day services: adult day care and adult day health services. There were few differences in the way caregivers of past and current participants perceived adult day services. One major difference was that some caregivers of past participants perceived that the programs had failed to provide support to them after their family member passed away. Although spouse and nonspouse caregivers used adult day services for different reasons, the main reason reported by both was to keep their family member active. The perceptions of caregivers using the adult day care model differed little from those of caregivers who used adult day health services. One difference was that some caregivers saw the staff at the adult day care center as role models who taught them how to care for and accept dependent family members. Talking to family caregivers about their experiences with adult day services can provide practitioners with valuable insights about the services and activities that family caregivers find useful and those they may need to assist them in their efforts to care for impaired family members. Adult day providers need to understand what effect services and activities have on caregivers and family members to enable them to create programs that benefit both. Title: Ecology of adult day care for family caregivers Author: Patterson, Susan L. The purpose of the study was to learn more about the ways in which caregivers perceive the effects of adult day services. The goal was to help inform adult day providers about services family caregivers find useful. An ecological model was used as a framework. Data were collected from focus groups consisting of spouse and nonspouse family caregivers of past and current participants in two different program models of adult day services: adult day care and adult day health services. There were few differences in the way caregivers of past and current participants perceived adult day services. One major difference was that some caregivers of past participants perceived that the programs had failed to provide support to them after their family member passed away. Although spouse and nonspouse caregivers used adult day services for different reasons, the main reason reported by both was to keep their family member active. The perceptions of caregivers using the adult day care model differed little from those of caregivers who used adult day health services. One difference was that some caregivers saw the staff at the adult day care center as role models who taught them how to care for and accept dependent family members. Talking to family caregivers about their experiences with adult day services can provide practitioners with valuable insights about the services and activities that family caregivers find useful and those they may need to assist them in their efforts to care for impaired family members. Adult day providers need to understand what effect services and activities have on caregivers and family members to enable them to create programs that benefit both. Close

• 122. [Article] Contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development. Seventy-four ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development Author: Liang, Shu The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development. Seventy-four children, 39 boys and 35 girls, with a mean age of 4 years-8 months, and their parents (mothers and fathers), selected from 9 preschool programs and daycare centers in Corvallis, Oregon, acted as subjects for this study. Ninety-five percent of the families came from upper or upper-middle socioeconomic classes. All the families were intact, consisting of children and their biological parents, representing one-, two, and three-child families. The children in this study were either first-, second- or third-born children. Family socioeconomic status was determined via Hollingshead's Four Factor Index of Social Status. Information on family size and birth order was obtained through a Demographic Questionnaire. Parent-child relationship was assessed via the Parent Attitude Research Instrument-Short Form. Children's intellectual level was measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Zajonc and Markus' Confluence Theory, Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory, and Falbo and Polies Parent-Child Relationships Theory were utilized as the basis for investigating the relative contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, mother-child relationship, and father-child relationship to children's intellectual development. The regression procedure was used in data analyses. The .05 probability level was used as the criterion for statistical significance. Findings revealed that the variables of socioeconomic status and quality of father-child relationships contributed significantly to children's intellectual development. The higher the socioeconomic status of the family, and the more supportive the father-child relationships, the higher the children's intellectual development scores. Birth order and family size made no contributions to children's intellectual development. These findings, therefore, provided support for Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory and Falbo and Polies Parent-Child Relationships Theory, but not for Zajonc and Markus' Confluence Theory. Title: Contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development Author: Liang, Shu The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual development. Seventy-four children, 39 boys and 35 girls, with a mean age of 4 years-8 months, and their parents (mothers and fathers), selected from 9 preschool programs and daycare centers in Corvallis, Oregon, acted as subjects for this study. Ninety-five percent of the families came from upper or upper-middle socioeconomic classes. All the families were intact, consisting of children and their biological parents, representing one-, two, and three-child families. The children in this study were either first-, second- or third-born children. Family socioeconomic status was determined via Hollingshead's Four Factor Index of Social Status. Information on family size and birth order was obtained through a Demographic Questionnaire. Parent-child relationship was assessed via the Parent Attitude Research Instrument-Short Form. Children's intellectual level was measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Zajonc and Markus' Confluence Theory, Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory, and Falbo and Polies Parent-Child Relationships Theory were utilized as the basis for investigating the relative contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, mother-child relationship, and father-child relationship to children's intellectual development. The regression procedure was used in data analyses. The .05 probability level was used as the criterion for statistical significance. Findings revealed that the variables of socioeconomic status and quality of father-child relationships contributed significantly to children's intellectual development. The higher the socioeconomic status of the family, and the more supportive the father-child relationships, the higher the children's intellectual development scores. Birth order and family size made no contributions to children's intellectual development. These findings, therefore, provided support for Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory and Falbo and Polies Parent-Child Relationships Theory, but not for Zajonc and Markus' Confluence Theory. Close

• 123. [Article] The impact of perceptions of work/family overlap and objective work/family characteristics on marital satisfaction of physicians and their spouses

  Kanter (1977) conceptualized five dimensions of the interdependence between work and family: occupational subculture, job absorption, time and timing, rewards and resources, and the emotional climate of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impact of perceptions of work/family overlap and objective work/family characteristics on marital satisfaction of physicians and their spouses Author: Bird, David Nelson Kanter (1977) conceptualized five dimensions of the interdependence between work and family: occupational subculture, job absorption, time and timing, rewards and resources, and the emotional climate of work. Each of these dimensions affects the functioning and satisfaction of families and marriages. This research examined how four of these dimensions (occupational subculture, job absorption, time and timing, and the emotional climate) influenced the marital satisfaction of physicians and their spouses. It was hypothesized that physicians and their spouses' marital satisfaction would be affected by each of the four dimensions, as well as the following physicians' work-related activities: number of hours physicians work per week, physicians' working environment, the physician's medical specialty, and the period of time that physicians' medical practice is generally the most successful (age 35-45). Included in this study was the development of a scale to assess the dimensions of work/ family overlap. The results indicated that of the four work/family dimensions, work satisfaction was the only predictor of physicians' marital satisfaction. For physicians' spouses, physicians' work satisfaction and physicians' work involvement were predictors of spouses' marital satisfaction. Within the categories of work-related demographics, age was the only variable impacting the marital satisfaction of physicians and spouses. Physicians experienced the lowest marital satisfaction during ages 35-45. Spouses experienced the lowest level of marital satisfaction during years 35-65. A combined model of the work/family dimensions and work/family demographics indicated that physicians and spouses had different predictor variables of marital satisfaction, depending on work-related activities. Discussion focused on the differences between physicians and their spouses, the limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, and implications for intervention. Title: The impact of perceptions of work/family overlap and objective work/family characteristics on marital satisfaction of physicians and their spouses Author: Bird, David Nelson Kanter (1977) conceptualized five dimensions of the interdependence between work and family: occupational subculture, job absorption, time and timing, rewards and resources, and the emotional climate of work. Each of these dimensions affects the functioning and satisfaction of families and marriages. This research examined how four of these dimensions (occupational subculture, job absorption, time and timing, and the emotional climate) influenced the marital satisfaction of physicians and their spouses. It was hypothesized that physicians and their spouses' marital satisfaction would be affected by each of the four dimensions, as well as the following physicians' work-related activities: number of hours physicians work per week, physicians' working environment, the physician's medical specialty, and the period of time that physicians' medical practice is generally the most successful (age 35-45). Included in this study was the development of a scale to assess the dimensions of work/ family overlap. The results indicated that of the four work/family dimensions, work satisfaction was the only predictor of physicians' marital satisfaction. For physicians' spouses, physicians' work satisfaction and physicians' work involvement were predictors of spouses' marital satisfaction. Within the categories of work-related demographics, age was the only variable impacting the marital satisfaction of physicians and spouses. Physicians experienced the lowest marital satisfaction during ages 35-45. Spouses experienced the lowest level of marital satisfaction during years 35-65. A combined model of the work/family dimensions and work/family demographics indicated that physicians and spouses had different predictor variables of marital satisfaction, depending on work-related activities. Discussion focused on the differences between physicians and their spouses, the limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, and implications for intervention. Close

• 124. [Article] Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships

  Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships Author: Schmiege, Cynthia J. Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the potentially complex context of women's work and family experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships on women workers' perceptions of stress. The sample for this study included 379 women dental assistants and hygienists who responded to mailed questionnaires sent to the dental offices where they worked. The dependent variables used in this analysis were mental stress, physical stress, and four social stress items. Analysis of variance was performed for the family structure groups on physical, mental, and social stress items. Single parents and parents in general were especially stressed in terms of financial stress and marital stress. The second series of analyses included t-tests on stress by occupation. Dental assistants had more financial stress than hygienists. Hygienists had more mental stress than assistants. Workplace relationships were assessed in the full regression models. Frequency of talking with fellow workers was strongly and positively associated with financial problems. The full regression models supported the findings in earlier analyses that tensions from children and financial problems were associated with the presence of children in the home. The findings in this study suggest that for women workers, work and family do not occupy separate spheres. Women workers think about family matters at the workplace and discuss them with their other women workers. Further research needs to focus on women workers, especially those in traditionally female occupations, and the work and family connections for these workers. Title: Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships Author: Schmiege, Cynthia J. Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the potentially complex context of women's work and family experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships on women workers' perceptions of stress. The sample for this study included 379 women dental assistants and hygienists who responded to mailed questionnaires sent to the dental offices where they worked. The dependent variables used in this analysis were mental stress, physical stress, and four social stress items. Analysis of variance was performed for the family structure groups on physical, mental, and social stress items. Single parents and parents in general were especially stressed in terms of financial stress and marital stress. The second series of analyses included t-tests on stress by occupation. Dental assistants had more financial stress than hygienists. Hygienists had more mental stress than assistants. Workplace relationships were assessed in the full regression models. Frequency of talking with fellow workers was strongly and positively associated with financial problems. The full regression models supported the findings in earlier analyses that tensions from children and financial problems were associated with the presence of children in the home. The findings in this study suggest that for women workers, work and family do not occupy separate spheres. Women workers think about family matters at the workplace and discuss them with their other women workers. Further research needs to focus on women workers, especially those in traditionally female occupations, and the work and family connections for these workers. Close

• 125. [Article] Requisite family living competencies for high school graduates of Oregon, as perceived by participants of public health prenatal classes

  The main objective of this study was to identify family life competencies needed by high school graduates, as perceived by a majority of respondents. In addition, the null hypothesis tested was: that age, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Requisite family living competencies for high school graduates of Oregon, as perceived by participants of public health prenatal classes Author: Taylor, Carolyn Diane The main objective of this study was to identify family life competencies needed by high school graduates, as perceived by a majority of respondents. In addition, the null hypothesis tested was: that age, sex, and educational level are each independent of response on each individual competency statement. Testing was done at the 5% level of significance. The questionnaire was developed through a synthesis of goals stated in twelve family life curriculum guides published since 1965. A working draft of the questionnaire was developmentally tested with three high school seniors and three mothers of teenagers. The survey instrument included provisions for indicating personal data, and offered four categories of "Essential", "Necessary", "Permissible", and "Unimportant", for participants to respond to nine family life topics and seventy competency statements. The population included those couples and individuals voluntarily attending county public health prenatal classes in western Oregon. Data were collected from all five counties with an on-going program. One hundred forty-seven usable questionnaires were obtained. Four instruments were disregarded because of incomplete personal data. Participants in the study ranged from 16 to 45 years of age with a mean age of 25, and with 46.94 percent of the people in the 25 to 29 age group. Males numbered 56 (38. 10 percent) in the participating group, with 91 (61.90 percent) females. Grouped educational levels revealed 27. 21 percent having more than 16 years of education and the groups with 12 years and with 13-15 years of education each being 26. 53 percent of the total sample. Frequency counts and percentages of the total sample indicating favorable responses, were computed and presented for each of the 9 family life topics and 70 competency statements. All 9 family life topics and 64 of the 70 competency statements received a majority (over 50 percent) of favorable responses. Chi-square tests were computed on each item of the questionnaire to test the null hypothesis that age, sex, and educational level are each independent of response. The null hypothesis was rejected for age, in seven instances. Most cases showed younger people responding favorably more often than expected and older people responding less favorably more often than expected. The null hypothesis was rejected for sex in four instances, with males responding less favorably more often and females more favorably more often than expected. The null hypothesis for educational level was rejected in nine instances. More educated people tended to respond less favorably more often and less educated people tended to respond more favorably more often than expected. Implications of the study for the family living curriculum in Oregon secondary schools, as indicated in the opinions of the respondents, are as follows: 1. Family life topics of communicating, understanding yourself, relating to others, understanding sex, being a family member, parenthood, selecting a mate, marriage, and the family relating to the community would be valuable in the family life curriculum. 2. It seems necessary that family life education topics stress making decisions, solving problems, resolving conflicts, and coping with situations. 3. It seems reasonable that sixty-four of the family life competencies identified in this study be incorporated in programs designed to prepare students for their life role as a family member. The sample of expectant parents was a biased group. On speculation it seems that the sample could be quite concerned about the topic and competencies of parenthood. In view of this, the following recommendations for future studies are made: 1. High school students, young married couples not expecting children, and middle aged couples need to be surveyed to identify family life competencies. 2. Learning experiences need to be developed for family life competencies. Title: Requisite family living competencies for high school graduates of Oregon, as perceived by participants of public health prenatal classes Author: Taylor, Carolyn Diane The main objective of this study was to identify family life competencies needed by high school graduates, as perceived by a majority of respondents. In addition, the null hypothesis tested was: that age, sex, and educational level are each independent of response on each individual competency statement. Testing was done at the 5% level of significance. The questionnaire was developed through a synthesis of goals stated in twelve family life curriculum guides published since 1965. A working draft of the questionnaire was developmentally tested with three high school seniors and three mothers of teenagers. The survey instrument included provisions for indicating personal data, and offered four categories of "Essential", "Necessary", "Permissible", and "Unimportant", for participants to respond to nine family life topics and seventy competency statements. The population included those couples and individuals voluntarily attending county public health prenatal classes in western Oregon. Data were collected from all five counties with an on-going program. One hundred forty-seven usable questionnaires were obtained. Four instruments were disregarded because of incomplete personal data. Participants in the study ranged from 16 to 45 years of age with a mean age of 25, and with 46.94 percent of the people in the 25 to 29 age group. Males numbered 56 (38. 10 percent) in the participating group, with 91 (61.90 percent) females. Grouped educational levels revealed 27. 21 percent having more than 16 years of education and the groups with 12 years and with 13-15 years of education each being 26. 53 percent of the total sample. Frequency counts and percentages of the total sample indicating favorable responses, were computed and presented for each of the 9 family life topics and 70 competency statements. All 9 family life topics and 64 of the 70 competency statements received a majority (over 50 percent) of favorable responses. Chi-square tests were computed on each item of the questionnaire to test the null hypothesis that age, sex, and educational level are each independent of response. The null hypothesis was rejected for age, in seven instances. Most cases showed younger people responding favorably more often than expected and older people responding less favorably more often than expected. The null hypothesis was rejected for sex in four instances, with males responding less favorably more often and females more favorably more often than expected. The null hypothesis for educational level was rejected in nine instances. More educated people tended to respond less favorably more often and less educated people tended to respond more favorably more often than expected. Implications of the study for the family living curriculum in Oregon secondary schools, as indicated in the opinions of the respondents, are as follows: 1. Family life topics of communicating, understanding yourself, relating to others, understanding sex, being a family member, parenthood, selecting a mate, marriage, and the family relating to the community would be valuable in the family life curriculum. 2. It seems necessary that family life education topics stress making decisions, solving problems, resolving conflicts, and coping with situations. 3. It seems reasonable that sixty-four of the family life competencies identified in this study be incorporated in programs designed to prepare students for their life role as a family member. The sample of expectant parents was a biased group. On speculation it seems that the sample could be quite concerned about the topic and competencies of parenthood. In view of this, the following recommendations for future studies are made: 1. High school students, young married couples not expecting children, and middle aged couples need to be surveyed to identify family life competencies. 2. Learning experiences need to be developed for family life competencies. Close

• 126. [Article] Effects of seed characters and competitive environment on two-year performance of open-pollinated Douglas-fir families

  Ungerminated seed and recent germinants from 39 open-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) families were planted in each of three competitive environments in order ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of seed characters and competitive environment on two-year performance of open-pollinated Douglas-fir families Author: St. Clair, John Bradley Ungerminated seed and recent germinants from 39 open-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) families were planted in each of three competitive environments in order to determine the degree to which growth differences among families are influenced by competitive environment, seed weight, and date of emergence. The three competitive environments were a mixture of individuals from all families planted at a narrow spacing (4x4 cms), single (pure) family blocks planted at a narrow spacing (4xL cms), and individuals from all families planted at a wide, non-competitive spacing (16xl6 cms). Despite some large changes in the relative ranking of families between competitive environments for total dry weight, the family x competitive environment interaction was non-significant (p<O.O5). Furthermore, families did not differ significantly in competitive ability or density tolerance. Competitive environment, however, had a large effect on estimates of variance components, heritability, and genetic gain. Analysis of correlated response to selection indicated that testing and selection in mixture would result in the largest estimated gains in seedling dry weight, irrespective of the competitive environment anticipated for outplanting. Families differed significantly in seed weight, total percent emergence, and rate of emergence. Nevertheless, correlations between seed weight and rate of emergence, seed weight and seedling size, and rate of emergence and seedling size were not strong. The magnitude of the correlation between seed weight and seedling size of families was no less when germinants were used than when ungerminated seed was used. Thus, using germinants did not appear to be useful for controlling seed weight effects in this study. In addition the magnitude of the correlation between seed weight and seedling size was not influenced by interfamily competition. Genetic variation in seedling architecture (the form and structure of a seedling's crown, stem, and root system, as well as the proportion of total biomass partitioned to each) was assessed in order to explore the potential for realizing gains from ideotype breeding. Families differed significantly for all traits and estimates of heritability were mostly moderate (ranging from h2=O.07 to 0.49). Relative family performance for traits of seedling architecture was dependent upon the density at which families were grown for all traits except crown width relative to height, but intergenotypic competition did not affect relative family performance. Phenotypic relationships among traits of seedling architecture and seedling size were generally consistent across competitive environments, but genetic relationships did depend to some extent on competitive environment. These results using seedlings indicate that the potential exists to realize gains from ideotype breeding. However, relative family performance for seedling architecture traits may depend upon the density at which families are grown. Correlated responses to selection as determined by genetic correlations between traits may also depend upon competitive environment. Title: Effects of seed characters and competitive environment on two-year performance of open-pollinated Douglas-fir families Author: St. Clair, John Bradley Ungerminated seed and recent germinants from 39 open-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) families were planted in each of three competitive environments in order to determine the degree to which growth differences among families are influenced by competitive environment, seed weight, and date of emergence. The three competitive environments were a mixture of individuals from all families planted at a narrow spacing (4x4 cms), single (pure) family blocks planted at a narrow spacing (4xL cms), and individuals from all families planted at a wide, non-competitive spacing (16xl6 cms). Despite some large changes in the relative ranking of families between competitive environments for total dry weight, the family x competitive environment interaction was non-significant (p<O.O5). Furthermore, families did not differ significantly in competitive ability or density tolerance. Competitive environment, however, had a large effect on estimates of variance components, heritability, and genetic gain. Analysis of correlated response to selection indicated that testing and selection in mixture would result in the largest estimated gains in seedling dry weight, irrespective of the competitive environment anticipated for outplanting. Families differed significantly in seed weight, total percent emergence, and rate of emergence. Nevertheless, correlations between seed weight and rate of emergence, seed weight and seedling size, and rate of emergence and seedling size were not strong. The magnitude of the correlation between seed weight and seedling size of families was no less when germinants were used than when ungerminated seed was used. Thus, using germinants did not appear to be useful for controlling seed weight effects in this study. In addition the magnitude of the correlation between seed weight and seedling size was not influenced by interfamily competition. Genetic variation in seedling architecture (the form and structure of a seedling's crown, stem, and root system, as well as the proportion of total biomass partitioned to each) was assessed in order to explore the potential for realizing gains from ideotype breeding. Families differed significantly for all traits and estimates of heritability were mostly moderate (ranging from h2=O.07 to 0.49). Relative family performance for traits of seedling architecture was dependent upon the density at which families were grown for all traits except crown width relative to height, but intergenotypic competition did not affect relative family performance. Phenotypic relationships among traits of seedling architecture and seedling size were generally consistent across competitive environments, but genetic relationships did depend to some extent on competitive environment. These results using seedlings indicate that the potential exists to realize gains from ideotype breeding. However, relative family performance for seedling architecture traits may depend upon the density at which families are grown. Correlated responses to selection as determined by genetic correlations between traits may also depend upon competitive environment. Close

• 127. [Article] A qualitative analysis of clinical records from a trauma response program for families exposed to violence

  This dissertation is a qualitative secondary content analysis of clinical records collected for the Spokane Safe Start Project in Spokane, Washington, a program designed to offset trauma in children exposed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A qualitative analysis of clinical records from a trauma response program for families exposed to violence Author: Behan, Kathleen G This dissertation is a qualitative secondary content analysis of clinical records collected for the Spokane Safe Start Project in Spokane, Washington, a program designed to offset trauma in children exposed to domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV). The Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization have identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a health policy issue. Most studies of intimate partner violence and children exposed to violence have used samples from domestic violence shelters, large phone-based community surveys, or convenience samples such as college students. Currently, studies of families that have experienced intimate partner violence and received services in their homes do not exist. As such, the process and effects of intimate violence in families residing in their homes have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the structural issues, factors affecting service engagement, family characteristics, and factors promoting resiliency in families that experienced intimate partner violence and were served by the Spokane Safe Start Project in Spokane, Washington, a program designed to offset trauma in children exposed to caregiver intimate partner violence. To this end, the four research questions were: 1) What are the underlying structural problems that affected these families? 2) Is family functioning at intake associated with the length of time with the program? 3) Of the families that engaged with Safe Start for at least five face-to-face contacts, what are the caregiver and/or family characteristics that seem to indicate the presence or absence of resilience in the caregivers? This study involved the analysis of the clinical case records of 30 families that received Spokane Safe Services. The primary source of data for this study came from the narrative portions of the electronic ACCESS and written client clinical records. The Spokane Safe Start clinical narratives served as a record of clinician observations, interactions, and service delivery to families greatly affected by intimate partner violence. Using the bio-ecological perspective and family systems theory as the theoretical frameworks to understand intimate partner violence and its effects on children, data analysis and synthesis, I used qualitative content analysis thematic analysis, and data matrices. In essence, this is a multiple case study producing "context-dependent knowledge" that is vital to develop ecologically sound interventions to address intimate partner violence and its effects on families (Flyvbjerg, 2006, p. 221). This study revealed three main findings. Families encountered roadblocks in the form of environmental and individual obstacles. These obstacles included family-of-origin dynamics, severe financial problems, and individual issues such as relationship ambivalence and substance abuse that posed serious limitations to developing resilience. Parent-child interactions were strained and difficult in most families. The majority of children experienced chronic IPV and many had a history of maltreatment as well. Although many parents were concerned about the future wellbeing of their children, they also had difficulty reflecting on their children’s emotional needs and experiences. Evidence of resilience in the case narratives was quite limited. There was evidence, one particular clinician's model of service provision was more successful at engendering resilience than that of the other clinicians. Results were triangulated with the extant literature and previous quantitative studies conducted by Washington State University on the Spokane Safe Start data indicating the results of this study are trustworthy and credible. This study makes an important contribution to the family violence literature and may serve as a resource for policy and program development.   Title: A qualitative analysis of clinical records from a trauma response program for families exposed to violence Author: Behan, Kathleen G This dissertation is a qualitative secondary content analysis of clinical records collected for the Spokane Safe Start Project in Spokane, Washington, a program designed to offset trauma in children exposed to domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV). The Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization have identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a health policy issue. Most studies of intimate partner violence and children exposed to violence have used samples from domestic violence shelters, large phone-based community surveys, or convenience samples such as college students. Currently, studies of families that have experienced intimate partner violence and received services in their homes do not exist. As such, the process and effects of intimate violence in families residing in their homes have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the structural issues, factors affecting service engagement, family characteristics, and factors promoting resiliency in families that experienced intimate partner violence and were served by the Spokane Safe Start Project in Spokane, Washington, a program designed to offset trauma in children exposed to caregiver intimate partner violence. To this end, the four research questions were: 1) What are the underlying structural problems that affected these families? 2) Is family functioning at intake associated with the length of time with the program? 3) Of the families that engaged with Safe Start for at least five face-to-face contacts, what are the caregiver and/or family characteristics that seem to indicate the presence or absence of resilience in the caregivers? This study involved the analysis of the clinical case records of 30 families that received Spokane Safe Services. The primary source of data for this study came from the narrative portions of the electronic ACCESS and written client clinical records. The Spokane Safe Start clinical narratives served as a record of clinician observations, interactions, and service delivery to families greatly affected by intimate partner violence. Using the bio-ecological perspective and family systems theory as the theoretical frameworks to understand intimate partner violence and its effects on children, data analysis and synthesis, I used qualitative content analysis thematic analysis, and data matrices. In essence, this is a multiple case study producing "context-dependent knowledge" that is vital to develop ecologically sound interventions to address intimate partner violence and its effects on families (Flyvbjerg, 2006, p. 221). This study revealed three main findings. Families encountered roadblocks in the form of environmental and individual obstacles. These obstacles included family-of-origin dynamics, severe financial problems, and individual issues such as relationship ambivalence and substance abuse that posed serious limitations to developing resilience. Parent-child interactions were strained and difficult in most families. The majority of children experienced chronic IPV and many had a history of maltreatment as well. Although many parents were concerned about the future wellbeing of their children, they also had difficulty reflecting on their children’s emotional needs and experiences. Evidence of resilience in the case narratives was quite limited. There was evidence, one particular clinician's model of service provision was more successful at engendering resilience than that of the other clinicians. Results were triangulated with the extant literature and previous quantitative studies conducted by Washington State University on the Spokane Safe Start data indicating the results of this study are trustworthy and credible. This study makes an important contribution to the family violence literature and may serve as a resource for policy and program development.   Close

• 128. [Article] Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD

  PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Kendall, Judy, Houck, Gail M., Leo, Michael Charles, Sellmaier, Claudia Year: 2012 PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012. Title: Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Kendall, Judy, Houck, Gail M., Leo, Michael Charles, Sellmaier, Claudia Year: 2012 PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012. Close

• 129. [Article] The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)

  Abstract of presentation presented at SLEEP 2012 held June 9-13, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) Author: Crain, Tori Laurelle, Hammer, Leslie B., Bodner, Todd, Buxton, Orfeu Year: 2012 Abstract of presentation presented at SLEEP 2012 held June 9-13, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts Title: The Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Positive Spillover on Employee Sleep Deficiency: Moderating Effects of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) Author: Crain, Tori Laurelle, Hammer, Leslie B., Bodner, Todd, Buxton, Orfeu Year: 2012 Abstract of presentation presented at SLEEP 2012 held June 9-13, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts Close

• 130. [Article] Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities

  PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities Author: Rosenzweig, Julie M., Bradley, Jennifer R., Huffstutter, Katherine J., Brennan, Eileen M. Year: 2005 PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005. Title: Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities Author: Rosenzweig, Julie M., Bradley, Jennifer R., Huffstutter, Katherine J., Brennan, Eileen M. Year: 2005 PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005. Close