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• 1. [Article] Work-Family Conflict, Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB), and Sleep Outcomes

  Although critical to health and well-being, relatively little research has been conducted in the organizational literature on linkages between the work-family interface and sleep. Drawing on Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work-Family Conflict, Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB), and Sleep Outcomes Author: Crain, Tori Laurelle, Hammer, Leslie B., Bodner, Todd, Kossek, Ellen Ernst, Moen, Phyllis, Lilienthal, Richard, Buxton, Orfeu Year: 2014 Although critical to health and well-being, relatively little research has been conducted in the organizational literature on linkages between the work-family interface and sleep. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, we use a sample of 623 information technology workers to examine the relationships between work-family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep quality and quantity. Validated wrist actigraphy methods were used to collect objective sleep quality and quantity data over a one week period of time, and survey methods were used to collect information on self-reported work-family conflict, FSSB, and sleep quality and quantity. Results demonstrated that the combination of predictors (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, FSSB) was significantly related to both objective and self-report measures of sleep quantity and quality. Future research should further examine the work-family interface to sleep link and make use of interventions targeting the work-family interface as a means for improving sleep health. Title: Work-Family Conflict, Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB), and Sleep Outcomes Author: Crain, Tori Laurelle, Hammer, Leslie B., Bodner, Todd, Kossek, Ellen Ernst, Moen, Phyllis, Lilienthal, Richard, Buxton, Orfeu Year: 2014 Although critical to health and well-being, relatively little research has been conducted in the organizational literature on linkages between the work-family interface and sleep. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, we use a sample of 623 information technology workers to examine the relationships between work-family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep quality and quantity. Validated wrist actigraphy methods were used to collect objective sleep quality and quantity data over a one week period of time, and survey methods were used to collect information on self-reported work-family conflict, FSSB, and sleep quality and quantity. Results demonstrated that the combination of predictors (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, FSSB) was significantly related to both objective and self-report measures of sleep quantity and quality. Future research should further examine the work-family interface to sleep link and make use of interventions targeting the work-family interface as a means for improving sleep health. Close

• 2. [Article] Balancing the Demands of Employment and Family Life: Results of the Family Caregiving Survey

  This article describes patterns of work and family balance that were examined for employed parents who give family care to children with serious emotional disorders. A secondary analysis of data from the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Balancing the Demands of Employment and Family Life: Results of the Family Caregiving Survey Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Poertner, John Year: 1997 This article describes patterns of work and family balance that were examined for employed parents who give family care to children with serious emotional disorders. A secondary analysis of data from the Family Caregiver Survey was performed for a subsample of 184 caregivers employed outside the home or having a partner employed full time. Families having different work structures (patterns of part- or full-time employment and of parenting arrangements) reported significantly different levels of job stress, pleasure in work and intimate relationships, work used as coping, and satisfaction handling home responsibilities. Although reported child behaviors were significantly related to stress attributed to children and family, the behaviors were not related to work structure, job stress, or support service use. Title: Balancing the Demands of Employment and Family Life: Results of the Family Caregiving Survey Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Poertner, John Year: 1997 This article describes patterns of work and family balance that were examined for employed parents who give family care to children with serious emotional disorders. A secondary analysis of data from the Family Caregiver Survey was performed for a subsample of 184 caregivers employed outside the home or having a partner employed full time. Families having different work structures (patterns of part- or full-time employment and of parenting arrangements) reported significantly different levels of job stress, pleasure in work and intimate relationships, work used as coping, and satisfaction handling home responsibilities. Although reported child behaviors were significantly related to stress attributed to children and family, the behaviors were not related to work structure, job stress, or support service use. Close

• 3. [Article] A Multi-Level Study of the Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervision

  There is a growing awareness that informal supports such as family-supportive supervision are critical in assuring the success of work-life policies and benefits. Furthermore, it is believed that family-supportive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Multi-Level Study of the Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervision Author: Hanson, Ginger Charmagne Year: 2011 There is a growing awareness that informal supports such as family-supportive supervision are critical in assuring the success of work-life policies and benefits. Furthermore, it is believed that family-supportive supervision may have positive effects regardless of the number or quality of work-life polices and benefits an organization has in place. Given this recognition, work-life experts have emphasized the need for supervisor training to increase family-supportive supervision. To date however, there has been a paucity of research on the predictors of family-supportive supervision which could be used as the target of such a training intervention. This dissertation had three major aims: 1) to investigate which supervisor-level (e.g., reward system, productivity maintenance, salience of changing workforce, belief in business case, awareness of organizational policies and benefits, role-modeling) and employee-level (e.g., support sought) factors are most strongly related to family-supportive supervision; 2) to explore whether supervisor factors moderate the relationship between support sought and family-supportive supervision; 3) and to use a multilevel design to confirm the association between family-supportive supervision and work-family conflict. This study used a cross-sectional, two-level (e.g., supervisor, and employee) hierarchical design. The data were collected from supervisors (Nurse Managers N=67) and employees (Nurses N=757) at five hospitals in the Pacific Northwest. All of the major analyses were conducted using multi-level regression in HLM. The results indicated that family-supportive supervision was higher for employees who worked for managers with a stronger belief in the business case and for employees who sought support. None of the other supervisor-level factors were found to be significant predictors of family supportive supervision. There was no evidence that supervisor-level factors moderated that relationship between support sought and family-supportive supervision. Higher levels of family-supportive supervision were related to lower work-to-family conflict. These findings suggest that organizations seeking to reduce work-family conflict and increase family supportive supervision should consider intervening at multiple levels. This dissertation reviews a rich body of evidence demonstrating the business case for offering work-life supports that could serve as a starting point for developing a training to increase supervisors' belief in the business case. In addition, strategies for organizations to increase support seeking, which has been shown to be an important coping mechanism, are discussed. The multi-level design of this dissertation also contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the largest proportion of variability in family-supportive supervision is at the employee-level. This finding suggests the importance of measuring family-supportive supervision at the employee-level and suggests that future research should focus on the employee-level predictors of family-supportive supervision. Title: A Multi-Level Study of the Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervision Author: Hanson, Ginger Charmagne Year: 2011 There is a growing awareness that informal supports such as family-supportive supervision are critical in assuring the success of work-life policies and benefits. Furthermore, it is believed that family-supportive supervision may have positive effects regardless of the number or quality of work-life polices and benefits an organization has in place. Given this recognition, work-life experts have emphasized the need for supervisor training to increase family-supportive supervision. To date however, there has been a paucity of research on the predictors of family-supportive supervision which could be used as the target of such a training intervention. This dissertation had three major aims: 1) to investigate which supervisor-level (e.g., reward system, productivity maintenance, salience of changing workforce, belief in business case, awareness of organizational policies and benefits, role-modeling) and employee-level (e.g., support sought) factors are most strongly related to family-supportive supervision; 2) to explore whether supervisor factors moderate the relationship between support sought and family-supportive supervision; 3) and to use a multilevel design to confirm the association between family-supportive supervision and work-family conflict. This study used a cross-sectional, two-level (e.g., supervisor, and employee) hierarchical design. The data were collected from supervisors (Nurse Managers N=67) and employees (Nurses N=757) at five hospitals in the Pacific Northwest. All of the major analyses were conducted using multi-level regression in HLM. The results indicated that family-supportive supervision was higher for employees who worked for managers with a stronger belief in the business case and for employees who sought support. None of the other supervisor-level factors were found to be significant predictors of family supportive supervision. There was no evidence that supervisor-level factors moderated that relationship between support sought and family-supportive supervision. Higher levels of family-supportive supervision were related to lower work-to-family conflict. These findings suggest that organizations seeking to reduce work-family conflict and increase family supportive supervision should consider intervening at multiple levels. This dissertation reviews a rich body of evidence demonstrating the business case for offering work-life supports that could serve as a starting point for developing a training to increase supervisors' belief in the business case. In addition, strategies for organizations to increase support seeking, which has been shown to be an important coping mechanism, are discussed. The multi-level design of this dissertation also contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the largest proportion of variability in family-supportive supervision is at the employee-level. This finding suggests the importance of measuring family-supportive supervision at the employee-level and suggests that future research should focus on the employee-level predictors of family-supportive supervision. Close

• 4. [Article] Family & work, a delicate balance

  Published March 1995. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Family & work, a delicate balance Author: Hall, Leslie D., Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 1995. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Family & work, a delicate balance Author: Hall, Leslie D., Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 1995. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 5. [Article] Parent Dilemmas and Solutions: Perspectives on Work-Family Fit

  The Support for Working Caregivers Project is designed to study the ways in which employed parents whose children have emotional or behavioral disorders fit their work and family responsibilities together. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Parent Dilemmas and Solutions: Perspectives on Work-Family Fit Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Rosenzweig, Julie M., Ogilvie, Alice Myrth, Ward, Ann Year: 2000 The Support for Working Caregivers Project is designed to study the ways in which employed parents whose children have emotional or behavioral disorders fit their work and family responsibilities together. To that end, project investigators have developed a research model of work-family fit by means of an exhaustive literature review of over 350 articles and books on work and family, the secondary data analysis of the North Carolina Family Caregiver Survey (Brennan & Poertner, 1997), and a focus group study with 41 employed parents of children with emotional or behavioral disorders (Rosenzweig, Brennan, & Ogilvie, 1998). The work-family fit research model includes as antecedent conditions (a) types and characteristics of parental employment, (b) types and characteristics of the children’s educational and child care arrangements, (c) the social support available to family members, and (d) family household characteristics. The outcomes featured in the model encompass (a) parent stress levels, (b) employment absenteeism, (c) work interuptions and tardiness, and (d) difficulty combining work and family life. The model also contains such intervening variables as the strategies parents use to balance work and family demands and the services they use. Currently, pilot interviews are being conducted with 60 family members who are employed at least 30 hours per week and who have children living in the home between the ages of 6 and 18 years who have emotional or behavioral disorders. Title: Parent Dilemmas and Solutions: Perspectives on Work-Family Fit Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Rosenzweig, Julie M., Ogilvie, Alice Myrth, Ward, Ann Year: 2000 The Support for Working Caregivers Project is designed to study the ways in which employed parents whose children have emotional or behavioral disorders fit their work and family responsibilities together. To that end, project investigators have developed a research model of work-family fit by means of an exhaustive literature review of over 350 articles and books on work and family, the secondary data analysis of the North Carolina Family Caregiver Survey (Brennan & Poertner, 1997), and a focus group study with 41 employed parents of children with emotional or behavioral disorders (Rosenzweig, Brennan, & Ogilvie, 1998). The work-family fit research model includes as antecedent conditions (a) types and characteristics of parental employment, (b) types and characteristics of the children’s educational and child care arrangements, (c) the social support available to family members, and (d) family household characteristics. The outcomes featured in the model encompass (a) parent stress levels, (b) employment absenteeism, (c) work interuptions and tardiness, and (d) difficulty combining work and family life. The model also contains such intervening variables as the strategies parents use to balance work and family demands and the services they use. Currently, pilot interviews are being conducted with 60 family members who are employed at least 30 hours per week and who have children living in the home between the ages of 6 and 18 years who have emotional or behavioral disorders. Close

• 6. [Article] Models of Inclusion in Child Care: Child Care that Works for Children with Emotional and/or Behavioral Challenges: Family Member Perceptions

  Although 5-10% of employed parents care for a child with emotional or behavioral challenges (EBCs) (Emlen, 1997), family support resources are notably lacking. A recent focus group study of 41 working ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Models of Inclusion in Child Care: Child Care that Works for Children with Emotional and/or Behavioral Challenges: Family Member Perceptions Author: Ama, Shane, Brennan, Eileen M., Berman, Sara, Bradley, Jennifer R. Year: 2004 Although 5-10% of employed parents care for a child with emotional or behavioral challenges (EBCs) (Emlen, 1997), family support resources are notably lacking. A recent focus group study of 41 working parents (Rosenzweig, Brennan, & Ogilvie, 2002) found child care to be particularly difficult to find and maintain for families that included children with EBCs. Participants reported a number of barriers to child care arrangements that could successfully meet their family's needs. First, since few qualified providers had the expertise to meet the needs of children with EBCs, arrangements were difficult to find. A combination of the lack of quality care in general, and few qualified providers for children with emotional or behavioral problems, created a nearly impossible situation for working families looking for child care. The aim of the Models of Inclusion in Child Care study (MICC) was to identify and investigate programs and strategies that improve access for families of children with emotional or behavioral disorders to child care that is inclusive, family-centered, culturally competent, and of high quality. Title: Models of Inclusion in Child Care: Child Care that Works for Children with Emotional and/or Behavioral Challenges: Family Member Perceptions Author: Ama, Shane, Brennan, Eileen M., Berman, Sara, Bradley, Jennifer R. Year: 2004 Although 5-10% of employed parents care for a child with emotional or behavioral challenges (EBCs) (Emlen, 1997), family support resources are notably lacking. A recent focus group study of 41 working parents (Rosenzweig, Brennan, & Ogilvie, 2002) found child care to be particularly difficult to find and maintain for families that included children with EBCs. Participants reported a number of barriers to child care arrangements that could successfully meet their family's needs. First, since few qualified providers had the expertise to meet the needs of children with EBCs, arrangements were difficult to find. A combination of the lack of quality care in general, and few qualified providers for children with emotional or behavioral problems, created a nearly impossible situation for working families looking for child care. The aim of the Models of Inclusion in Child Care study (MICC) was to identify and investigate programs and strategies that improve access for families of children with emotional or behavioral disorders to child care that is inclusive, family-centered, culturally competent, and of high quality. Close

• 7. [Article] Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors: Supervisor Job Stress and Work-Family Climate

  Research indicates that supportive supervision, particularly work-family specific supervision, is key to reducing employees' work-family conflict (Allen, 2001; Eby et al., 2005; Thomas & Ganster, 1995). ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors: Supervisor Job Stress and Work-Family Climate Author: Sale, Brittany E. Year: 2010 Research indicates that supportive supervision, particularly work-family specific supervision, is key to reducing employees' work-family conflict (Allen, 2001; Eby et al., 2005; Thomas & Ganster, 1995). However, little research has examined the factors that contribute to supervisors' willingness or ability to provide this support. This study examined how supervisor job stress and perceptions of work-family climate influenced employee ratings of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) using previously-collected data from a mid-western grocery chain. It was hypothesized that supervisor job stressors would impact FSSB, supervisor perception of work-family climate would impact FSSB, and the interaction of stressors and climate would impact FSSB. None of the hypotheses were supported. Potential explanations and directions for future research are discussed. Title: Predictors of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors: Supervisor Job Stress and Work-Family Climate Author: Sale, Brittany E. Year: 2010 Research indicates that supportive supervision, particularly work-family specific supervision, is key to reducing employees' work-family conflict (Allen, 2001; Eby et al., 2005; Thomas & Ganster, 1995). However, little research has examined the factors that contribute to supervisors' willingness or ability to provide this support. This study examined how supervisor job stress and perceptions of work-family climate influenced employee ratings of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB) using previously-collected data from a mid-western grocery chain. It was hypothesized that supervisor job stressors would impact FSSB, supervisor perception of work-family climate would impact FSSB, and the interaction of stressors and climate would impact FSSB. None of the hypotheses were supported. Potential explanations and directions for future research are discussed. Close

• 8. [Article] Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships

  Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships Author: Schmiege, Cynthia J. Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the potentially complex context of women's work and family experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships on women workers' perceptions of stress. The sample for this study included 379 women dental assistants and hygienists who responded to mailed questionnaires sent to the dental offices where they worked. The dependent variables used in this analysis were mental stress, physical stress, and four social stress items. Analysis of variance was performed for the family structure groups on physical, mental, and social stress items. Single parents and parents in general were especially stressed in terms of financial stress and marital stress. The second series of analyses included t-tests on stress by occupation. Dental assistants had more financial stress than hygienists. Hygienists had more mental stress than assistants. Workplace relationships were assessed in the full regression models. Frequency of talking with fellow workers was strongly and positively associated with financial problems. The full regression models supported the findings in earlier analyses that tensions from children and financial problems were associated with the presence of children in the home. The findings in this study suggest that for women workers, work and family do not occupy separate spheres. Women workers think about family matters at the workplace and discuss them with their other women workers. Further research needs to focus on women workers, especially those in traditionally female occupations, and the work and family connections for these workers. Title: Stress among working women : an examination of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships Author: Schmiege, Cynthia J. Since the industrial revolution, work and family have been viewed as separate spheres, with women relegated to the family sphere. With the advent of women into the paid labor force, few studies have considered the potentially complex context of women's work and family experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family structure, occupational status, and workplace relationships on women workers' perceptions of stress. The sample for this study included 379 women dental assistants and hygienists who responded to mailed questionnaires sent to the dental offices where they worked. The dependent variables used in this analysis were mental stress, physical stress, and four social stress items. Analysis of variance was performed for the family structure groups on physical, mental, and social stress items. Single parents and parents in general were especially stressed in terms of financial stress and marital stress. The second series of analyses included t-tests on stress by occupation. Dental assistants had more financial stress than hygienists. Hygienists had more mental stress than assistants. Workplace relationships were assessed in the full regression models. Frequency of talking with fellow workers was strongly and positively associated with financial problems. The full regression models supported the findings in earlier analyses that tensions from children and financial problems were associated with the presence of children in the home. The findings in this study suggest that for women workers, work and family do not occupy separate spheres. Women workers think about family matters at the workplace and discuss them with their other women workers. Further research needs to focus on women workers, especially those in traditionally female occupations, and the work and family connections for these workers. Close

• 9. [Article] Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD

  PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Kendall, Judy, Houck, Gail M., Leo, Michael Charles, Sellmaier, Claudia Year: 2012 PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012. Title: Factors Predicting Difficulty Combining Work and Family Responsibilities for Mothers Raising Children with ADHD Author: Brennan, Eileen M., Kendall, Judy, Houck, Gail M., Leo, Michael Charles, Sellmaier, Claudia Year: 2012 PDF version of presentation given at the Work and Family Researchers Network Conference in New York, NY, June 16, 2012. Close

• 10. [Article] Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities

  PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities Author: Rosenzweig, Julie M., Bradley, Jennifer R., Huffstutter, Katherine J., Brennan, Eileen M. Year: 2005 PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005. Title: Families in context: Work-life Integration Experiences of Parents of Children with Mental Health Disabilities Author: Rosenzweig, Julie M., Bradley, Jennifer R., Huffstutter, Katherine J., Brennan, Eileen M. Year: 2005 PDF version of a presentation given at the Community, Work and Family Conference, Manchester, UK, March 2005. Close