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• 591. [Article] Using Stories, Narratives, and Storytelling in Energy and Climate Change Research

  Energy and climate change research has been dominated by particular methods and approaches to defining and addressing problems, accomplished by gathering and analysing the corresponding forms of evidence. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Stories, Narratives, and Storytelling in Energy and Climate Change Research Author: Moezzi, Mithra, Janda, Kathryn B., Rotmann, Sea Year: 2017 Energy and climate change research has been dominated by particular methods and approaches to defining and addressing problems, accomplished by gathering and analysing the corresponding forms of evidence. This special issue starts from the broad concepts of stories, narratives, and storytelling to go beyond these analytic conventions, approaching the intersection of nature, humanity, and technology in multiple ways, using lenses from social sciences, humanities, and practitioners’ perspectives. The contributors use stories as data objects to gather, analyse, and critique; stories as an approach to research an inquiry; narrative analysis as a way of crystallising arguments and assumptions; and storytelling as a way of understanding, communicating, and influencing others. In using these forms of evidence and communication, and applying methods, analytical stances, and interpretations that these invite, something new and different results. This essay is a brief introduction to how, in our view, stories and their kin fit in energy and climate change research. We outline the diversity of data, approaches, and goals represented in the contributions to the special issue. And we reflect on some of the challenges of, and possibilities for, continuing to develop ‘stories’ as data sources, as modes of inquiry, and as creative paths toward social engagement. Title: Using Stories, Narratives, and Storytelling in Energy and Climate Change Research Author: Moezzi, Mithra, Janda, Kathryn B., Rotmann, Sea Year: 2017 Energy and climate change research has been dominated by particular methods and approaches to defining and addressing problems, accomplished by gathering and analysing the corresponding forms of evidence. This special issue starts from the broad concepts of stories, narratives, and storytelling to go beyond these analytic conventions, approaching the intersection of nature, humanity, and technology in multiple ways, using lenses from social sciences, humanities, and practitioners’ perspectives. The contributors use stories as data objects to gather, analyse, and critique; stories as an approach to research an inquiry; narrative analysis as a way of crystallising arguments and assumptions; and storytelling as a way of understanding, communicating, and influencing others. In using these forms of evidence and communication, and applying methods, analytical stances, and interpretations that these invite, something new and different results. This essay is a brief introduction to how, in our view, stories and their kin fit in energy and climate change research. We outline the diversity of data, approaches, and goals represented in the contributions to the special issue. And we reflect on some of the challenges of, and possibilities for, continuing to develop ‘stories’ as data sources, as modes of inquiry, and as creative paths toward social engagement. Close

• 592. [Article] Better Outcomes: Improving Accountability & Transparency in Transportation Decision-Making

  This report aims to help policymakers and staff at all levels of government make transportation investments that serve the public better. Amazingly, we simply don’t know how effective government spending ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Better Outcomes: Improving Accountability & Transparency in Transportation Decision-Making Author: Zako, Robert, Lewis, Rebecca Year: 2017 This report aims to help policymakers and staff at all levels of government make transportation investments that serve the public better. Amazingly, we simply don’t know how effective government spending is at achieving the outcomes the public expects and has been promised! Clearly, taxpayer dollars buy roads, bus service, airports, ferry service, and other transportation facilities and services. But it is unclear how well such investments help get people where they want to go, create jobs, improve public health, support community development, and provide other benefits. In other words, it is uncertain how cost-effectively the means (transportation investments) achieve the ends (public benefits)—how much “bang for the buck” transportation investments provide. States, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and local governments have opportunities to incorporate outcomes into all phases of transportation decision-making. This report recommends that governments make transportation investment decisions using a four-phase outcomes-based cycle: planning, governance & finance, programming, and reporting. In more detail, this report offers eight sets of recommendations. Title: Better Outcomes: Improving Accountability & Transparency in Transportation Decision-Making Author: Zako, Robert, Lewis, Rebecca Year: 2017 This report aims to help policymakers and staff at all levels of government make transportation investments that serve the public better. Amazingly, we simply don’t know how effective government spending is at achieving the outcomes the public expects and has been promised! Clearly, taxpayer dollars buy roads, bus service, airports, ferry service, and other transportation facilities and services. But it is unclear how well such investments help get people where they want to go, create jobs, improve public health, support community development, and provide other benefits. In other words, it is uncertain how cost-effectively the means (transportation investments) achieve the ends (public benefits)—how much “bang for the buck” transportation investments provide. States, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and local governments have opportunities to incorporate outcomes into all phases of transportation decision-making. This report recommends that governments make transportation investment decisions using a four-phase outcomes-based cycle: planning, governance & finance, programming, and reporting. In more detail, this report offers eight sets of recommendations. Close

• 593. [Article] Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Greater Albany Public School District

  This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Greater Albany Public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Greater Albany Public School District Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Endo, Sonoko, Ramey, Renee Year: 2005 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Greater Albany Public School District (GAPSD). The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the school district's enrollments between the October 2004 and 2015, including the future number of births, net migrants, and the proportion of school-age children and youth enrolled in the public schools. For the district-wide forecast, three scenarios of population, housing, and enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic events. Forecasts were prepared for the District by grade level using three scenarios: (a) the most likely enrollment growth which extends similar recent housing and population growth trends throughout the forecast period; (b) lower growth, assuming that population and housing growth rates in the district will noticeably decline thereby influencing a decrease in enrollments; and (c) higher growth, assuming higher average population, housing, and enrollment growth rates than expected. Title: Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Greater Albany Public School District Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Endo, Sonoko, Ramey, Renee Year: 2005 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Greater Albany Public School District (GAPSD). The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the school district's enrollments between the October 2004 and 2015, including the future number of births, net migrants, and the proportion of school-age children and youth enrolled in the public schools. For the district-wide forecast, three scenarios of population, housing, and enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic events. Forecasts were prepared for the District by grade level using three scenarios: (a) the most likely enrollment growth which extends similar recent housing and population growth trends throughout the forecast period; (b) lower growth, assuming that population and housing growth rates in the district will noticeably decline thereby influencing a decrease in enrollments; and (c) higher growth, assuming higher average population, housing, and enrollment growth rates than expected. Close

• 594. [Article] Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Klamath Falls City Schools

  This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Klamath Falls City ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Klamath Falls City Schools Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Buelow, Vicky, Hough, George C., Jr. Year: 2005 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Klamath Falls City Schools (KFCS). The Enrollment Forecasts are developed for each grade for both the district-wide forecast and for the individual schools. KFCS offers education for students in grades kindergarten through 12. However, there is an area within its geographic boundary where not all public school students attend schools in KFCS. This area is referred to as the ‘overlap’ area. Students residing in the overlap area in grades 9-12 attend school in KFCS and those in grades K-8 attend schools in the adjacent Klamath County School District. The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the school district's enrollments between the October 2005 and 2015, including the future number of births, net migrants, and the proportion of school-age children and youth enrolled in the public schools. Special consideration was given to where in the district future population and housing growth may occur. Title: Enrollment Forecast (2006-2015) for Klamath Falls City Schools Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Buelow, Vicky, Hough, George C., Jr. Year: 2005 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center (PRC) provides a district-wide Enrollment Forecast, Enrollment Forecasts for individual schools, and demographic information for Klamath Falls City Schools (KFCS). The Enrollment Forecasts are developed for each grade for both the district-wide forecast and for the individual schools. KFCS offers education for students in grades kindergarten through 12. However, there is an area within its geographic boundary where not all public school students attend schools in KFCS. This area is referred to as the ‘overlap’ area. Students residing in the overlap area in grades 9-12 attend school in KFCS and those in grades K-8 attend schools in the adjacent Klamath County School District. The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the school district's enrollments between the October 2005 and 2015, including the future number of births, net migrants, and the proportion of school-age children and youth enrolled in the public schools. Special consideration was given to where in the district future population and housing growth may occur. Close

• 595. [Article] Enrollment Forecast (2004-2010) for Lake Oswego School District

  This report, prepared by the Population Research Center provides a medium-range school Enrollment Forecast, including background demographic information and analysis, for Lake Oswego School District (LOSD) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enrollment Forecast (2004-2010) for Lake Oswego School District Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Endo, Sonoko, Chen, Chen Year: 2004 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center provides a medium-range school Enrollment Forecast, including background demographic information and analysis, for Lake Oswego School District (LOSD) and for its nine elementary schools, two junior high schools, and two high schools. The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the District’s enrollment between 2004 and 2010 and examines elementary attendance areas within the District. The most likely scenario indicates that there will be a slight decrease in enrollments between 2003 and 2010. For the district-wide forecasting, three scenarios of population, housing, and enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic events. Forecasts are made for the District by grade level using three scenarios: (a) the most likely enrollment growth which curbs recent trends of declining housing and population growth rates, (b) lower growth, assuming that growth rates in the district will continue to decrease, and (c) higher growth, assuming higher average growth rates closer to those of the mid 1990s. Title: Enrollment Forecast (2004-2010) for Lake Oswego School District Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S., Endo, Sonoko, Chen, Chen Year: 2004 This report, prepared by the Population Research Center provides a medium-range school Enrollment Forecast, including background demographic information and analysis, for Lake Oswego School District (LOSD) and for its nine elementary schools, two junior high schools, and two high schools. The report considers several factors that are likely to affect the District’s enrollment between 2004 and 2010 and examines elementary attendance areas within the District. The most likely scenario indicates that there will be a slight decrease in enrollments between 2003 and 2010. For the district-wide forecasting, three scenarios of population, housing, and enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic events. Forecasts are made for the District by grade level using three scenarios: (a) the most likely enrollment growth which curbs recent trends of declining housing and population growth rates, (b) lower growth, assuming that growth rates in the district will continue to decrease, and (c) higher growth, assuming higher average growth rates closer to those of the mid 1990s. Close

• 596. [Article] Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School 2005-2015

  This report provides a 2005-2015 school Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School by grade level, and includes background demographic information and analysis for Horizon Christian School’s market ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School 2005-2015 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S. Year: 2000 This report provides a 2005-2015 school Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School by grade level, and includes background demographic information and analysis for Horizon Christian School’s market area. The market area for this study consists of Northern Wasco County and Hood River County School Districts in Oregon, and White Salmon School District in Washington. Horizon Christian School, offering grades pre-kindergarten through 12, is located in the city of Hood River and its classrooms are located in rented spaces at three different sites throughout the city. Plans to construct a new facility to house Horizon on one campus have been made. The factors that are likely to affect Horizon’s enrollments are considered in this report, including the occurrence of demographic events and the construction of a new school facility. Three different scenarios of enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic changes and the effects a new school facility will have on enrollments. Each of the three Enrollment Forecasts uses one of the following assumptions: (a) current demographic and enrollment trends will continue throughout the forecast period; (b) a new school facility will be constructed and operational beginning in the 2006-07 school year, and (c) a new school facility will be operational beginning in the 2006-07 school year and population growth in Horizon’s market area will increase during the forecast period. Title: Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School 2005-2015 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Proehl, Risa S. Year: 2000 This report provides a 2005-2015 school Enrollment Forecast for Horizon Christian School by grade level, and includes background demographic information and analysis for Horizon Christian School’s market area. The market area for this study consists of Northern Wasco County and Hood River County School Districts in Oregon, and White Salmon School District in Washington. Horizon Christian School, offering grades pre-kindergarten through 12, is located in the city of Hood River and its classrooms are located in rented spaces at three different sites throughout the city. Plans to construct a new facility to house Horizon on one campus have been made. The factors that are likely to affect Horizon’s enrollments are considered in this report, including the occurrence of demographic events and the construction of a new school facility. Three different scenarios of enrollment changes were developed to account for different probabilities of demographic changes and the effects a new school facility will have on enrollments. Each of the three Enrollment Forecasts uses one of the following assumptions: (a) current demographic and enrollment trends will continue throughout the forecast period; (b) a new school facility will be constructed and operational beginning in the 2006-07 school year, and (c) a new school facility will be operational beginning in the 2006-07 school year and population growth in Horizon’s market area will increase during the forecast period. Close

• 597. [Article] Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage

  The emphasis on sustainable solutions in Portland, Oregon includes developing multi-modal transportation methods. Using public transit means giving up a certain amount of control over one’s schedule and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage Author: Washington, Kate M. Year: 2014 The emphasis on sustainable solutions in Portland, Oregon includes developing multi-modal transportation methods. Using public transit means giving up a certain amount of control over one’s schedule and taking on a great deal of uncertainty when it comes to personal hygiene. Buses, the MAX, and the Streetcar – the cornerstones of public transit in Portland – are not equipped with toilets and rarely are their stations, while most shops and restaurants reserve toilets for patrons only. As a result, many people may bypass public transit in favor of cars, which afford travelers greater autonomy and flexibility. Theories of New Urbanism endorse urban lifestyles, where all a person’s needs are within a “twenty-minute neighborhood.” The reality is that many people commute to work or school outside that radius. As sustainability focuses on public transit, it must also consider the needs of the public for hygiene and dignity. Using data from an online survey of Portlanders and applying New Urbanism’s lens, this article examines the relationship between public toilet availability and public transit usage. Understanding this correlation may enable communities, planners, and administrators to create sound strategies that may increase ridership and align with sustainability goals. Title: Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage Author: Washington, Kate M. Year: 2014 The emphasis on sustainable solutions in Portland, Oregon includes developing multi-modal transportation methods. Using public transit means giving up a certain amount of control over one’s schedule and taking on a great deal of uncertainty when it comes to personal hygiene. Buses, the MAX, and the Streetcar – the cornerstones of public transit in Portland – are not equipped with toilets and rarely are their stations, while most shops and restaurants reserve toilets for patrons only. As a result, many people may bypass public transit in favor of cars, which afford travelers greater autonomy and flexibility. Theories of New Urbanism endorse urban lifestyles, where all a person’s needs are within a “twenty-minute neighborhood.” The reality is that many people commute to work or school outside that radius. As sustainability focuses on public transit, it must also consider the needs of the public for hygiene and dignity. Using data from an online survey of Portlanders and applying New Urbanism’s lens, this article examines the relationship between public toilet availability and public transit usage. Understanding this correlation may enable communities, planners, and administrators to create sound strategies that may increase ridership and align with sustainability goals. Close

• 598. [Article] Integrating Education, Evaluation & Partnerships into Large-Scale Sustainable Stormwater Management Programs

  Integrated stormwater management using green infrastructure shows promise in saving money and mitigating environmental impacts caused by urban development. Equally important are the potential community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating Education, Evaluation & Partnerships into Large-Scale Sustainable Stormwater Management Programs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Nelson, Anne, Arendes, Carine Year: 2010 Integrated stormwater management using green infrastructure shows promise in saving money and mitigating environmental impacts caused by urban development. Equally important are the potential community benefits, including better understanding of ecological systems, increased access to urban green spaces, safer and healthier neighborhoods, and informed residents that are equipped to take action to improve watershed health. As a partnership between the City of Portland Environmental Services, Portland State University, and residents of the Tabor to the River (T2R) neighborhood, we conducted a survey to understand the role of civic ecology in green infrastructure projects. The survey results indicate a high interest in certain stormwater strategies and highlights information gaps among T2R residents. Supportive strategies that might improve the civic capacity for residents to steward green infrastructure project include financial incentives and technical assistance, and reducing costs and limiting time commitments. Outreach through classes and hands on training also seem appealing to respondents. These results help to frame an outreach strategy that leverages involvement from multiple partners to advance our understanding of the role civic ecology in large-scale, urban, green infrastructure projects. Title: Integrating Education, Evaluation & Partnerships into Large-Scale Sustainable Stormwater Management Programs Author: Shandas, Vivek, Nelson, Anne, Arendes, Carine Year: 2010 Integrated stormwater management using green infrastructure shows promise in saving money and mitigating environmental impacts caused by urban development. Equally important are the potential community benefits, including better understanding of ecological systems, increased access to urban green spaces, safer and healthier neighborhoods, and informed residents that are equipped to take action to improve watershed health. As a partnership between the City of Portland Environmental Services, Portland State University, and residents of the Tabor to the River (T2R) neighborhood, we conducted a survey to understand the role of civic ecology in green infrastructure projects. The survey results indicate a high interest in certain stormwater strategies and highlights information gaps among T2R residents. Supportive strategies that might improve the civic capacity for residents to steward green infrastructure project include financial incentives and technical assistance, and reducing costs and limiting time commitments. Outreach through classes and hands on training also seem appealing to respondents. These results help to frame an outreach strategy that leverages involvement from multiple partners to advance our understanding of the role civic ecology in large-scale, urban, green infrastructure projects. Close

• 599. [Article] Portland Public Schools Enrollment Forecasts, 2012-13 to 2025-26, Based on October 2011 Enrollments

  The Portland Public School District (PPS) enrolled 46,206 K‐12 students in Fall 2011, an increase of 465 students (1.0 percent) from Fall 2010. This was the third consecutive year of K‐12 growth, a reversal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland Public Schools Enrollment Forecasts, 2012-13 to 2025-26, Based on October 2011 Enrollments Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian, Dann, Ryan, Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2012 The Portland Public School District (PPS) enrolled 46,206 K‐12 students in Fall 2011, an increase of 465 students (1.0 percent) from Fall 2010. This was the third consecutive year of K‐12 growth, a reversal from the 12 consecutive years of enrollment losses between 1997 and 2008. For the three year period since 2008‐09, the District has grown by 1,182 K‐12 students (2.6 percent). This report includes analysis of population, housing and enrollment trends affecting the District in recent years, forecasts of district‐wide enrollment, and Enrollment Forecasts by area of residence (high school clusters, school attendance areas) and by individual school of attendance for the 2012‐13 to 2025‐26 school years. For the district‐wide forecast, three scenarios of population and enrollment changes were developed: a most‐likely, or medium, growth scenario; a scenario for lower growth; and a higher growth scenario. All three of the growth scenarios for the PPS district‐wide Enrollment Forecasts use similar mortality, fertility, and capture rates during the 14 year horizon. The differences between the three scenarios are primarily due to different assumptions about the levels of net migration (the net movement into and out of the District) among families with children. Title: Portland Public Schools Enrollment Forecasts, 2012-13 to 2025-26, Based on October 2011 Enrollments Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian, Dann, Ryan, Jurjevich, Jason R. Year: 2012 The Portland Public School District (PPS) enrolled 46,206 K‐12 students in Fall 2011, an increase of 465 students (1.0 percent) from Fall 2010. This was the third consecutive year of K‐12 growth, a reversal from the 12 consecutive years of enrollment losses between 1997 and 2008. For the three year period since 2008‐09, the District has grown by 1,182 K‐12 students (2.6 percent). This report includes analysis of population, housing and enrollment trends affecting the District in recent years, forecasts of district‐wide enrollment, and Enrollment Forecasts by area of residence (high school clusters, school attendance areas) and by individual school of attendance for the 2012‐13 to 2025‐26 school years. For the district‐wide forecast, three scenarios of population and enrollment changes were developed: a most‐likely, or medium, growth scenario; a scenario for lower growth; and a higher growth scenario. All three of the growth scenarios for the PPS district‐wide Enrollment Forecasts use similar mortality, fertility, and capture rates during the 14 year horizon. The differences between the three scenarios are primarily due to different assumptions about the levels of net migration (the net movement into and out of the District) among families with children. Close

• 600. [Article] Tigard-Tualatin School District Enrollment Forecast Update, 2013-14 to 2022-23

  This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC). The study includes analysis of population, housing and enrollment trends ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tigard-Tualatin School District Enrollment Forecast Update, 2013-14 to 2022-23 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian, Dann, Ryan Year: 2012 This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC). The study includes analysis of population, housing and enrollment trends affecting the District in recent years, estimates of the impacts of housing development on TTSD enrollment, and forecasts of district‐wide and individual school enrollments for the 2013‐14 to 2022‐23 school years. The Tigard‐Tualatin School District (TTSD) enrolled 12,341 students in Fall 2012, a decrease of 25 students (0.2 percent) from Fall 2011. This is the fourth consecutive year of K‐12 enrollment loss, but the declines of the most recent two years have been small compared with the loss of 128 students in 2009‐10 and 74 students in 2010‐11. District elementary schools experienced a net loss of 36 students (0.6 percent) in 2012‐13, and 238 students (4.1 percent) for the four year period since their enrollment peak in 2008‐09. Middle grades (6th‐8th) in District schools gained enrollment in 2012‐13, and are just 59 students (2.0 percent) below their 2009‐10 peak. District‐wide enrollment in high school grades 9‐12 has been virtually unchanged since 2010‐11 and remains near its peak. In contrast to the K‐5th grade enrollment decline, Fall 2012 kindergarten enrollment of 939 in TTSD schools was the largest ever, 62 students larger than in Fall 2011. However, the kindergarten growth is not likely to be sustained, as births to District residents peaked in 2006‐07, the birth cohort that entered kindergarten in Fall 2012. Title: Tigard-Tualatin School District Enrollment Forecast Update, 2013-14 to 2022-23 Author: Portland State University. Population Research Center, Rynerson, Charles, Siu, Vivian, Dann, Ryan Year: 2012 This report presents the results of a demographic study conducted by the Portland State University Population Research Center (PRC). The study includes analysis of population, housing and enrollment trends affecting the District in recent years, estimates of the impacts of housing development on TTSD enrollment, and forecasts of district‐wide and individual school enrollments for the 2013‐14 to 2022‐23 school years. The Tigard‐Tualatin School District (TTSD) enrolled 12,341 students in Fall 2012, a decrease of 25 students (0.2 percent) from Fall 2011. This is the fourth consecutive year of K‐12 enrollment loss, but the declines of the most recent two years have been small compared with the loss of 128 students in 2009‐10 and 74 students in 2010‐11. District elementary schools experienced a net loss of 36 students (0.6 percent) in 2012‐13, and 238 students (4.1 percent) for the four year period since their enrollment peak in 2008‐09. Middle grades (6th‐8th) in District schools gained enrollment in 2012‐13, and are just 59 students (2.0 percent) below their 2009‐10 peak. District‐wide enrollment in high school grades 9‐12 has been virtually unchanged since 2010‐11 and remains near its peak. In contrast to the K‐5th grade enrollment decline, Fall 2012 kindergarten enrollment of 939 in TTSD schools was the largest ever, 62 students larger than in Fall 2011. However, the kindergarten growth is not likely to be sustained, as births to District residents peaked in 2006‐07, the birth cohort that entered kindergarten in Fall 2012. Close