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• 1. [Article] Oregon coastal salmon and steelhead tagging programs

  Part I. To aid in the management of the Tillamook Bay commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1953. General migration behavior, the minimum ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon coastal salmon and steelhead tagging programs Author: Henry, Kenneth A., Morgan, Alfred R. Part I. To aid in the management of the Tillamook Bay commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1953. General migration behavior, the minimum length of time the fish remained in the fishery, population sizes, and fishing mortalities were determined from this study. Part II. To aid in the management of the Siletz River commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1954. General migration behavior, the minimum length of time fish remained in the fishery, population estimates, and fishing mortalities were determined. Title: Oregon coastal salmon and steelhead tagging programs Author: Henry, Kenneth A., Morgan, Alfred R. Part I. To aid in the management of the Tillamook Bay commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1953. General migration behavior, the minimum length of time the fish remained in the fishery, population sizes, and fishing mortalities were determined from this study. Part II. To aid in the management of the Siletz River commercial salmon fishery, a tagging program was conducted on the salmon and steelhead trout runs in 1954. General migration behavior, the minimum length of time fish remained in the fishery, population estimates, and fishing mortalities were determined. Close

• 2. [Article] Coho salmon

  Description of Coho salmon published by the Lower Nehalem Watershed Council.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coho salmon Description of Coho salmon published by the Lower Nehalem Watershed Council. Title: Coho salmon Description of Coho salmon published by the Lower Nehalem Watershed Council. Close

• 3. [Article] Age, length and weight studies of three species of Columbia River salmon (Oncorhynchus keta, O. gorbuscha and O. kisutch)

  Samples, consisting of scales, length and weight measurements, and sex determinations of chum, pink, and silver salmons, were taken from the commercial catch in the Columbia River in 1914. Five hundred ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age, length and weight studies of three species of Columbia River salmon (Oncorhynchus keta, O. gorbuscha and O. kisutch) Author: Marr, John C., Oregon. Fish Commission Samples, consisting of scales, length and weight measurements, and sex determinations of chum, pink, and silver salmons, were taken from the commercial catch in the Columbia River in 1914. Five hundred eighteen chum scales were examined. All fish had gone to sea early in their first year; and 70.5 percent had returned in their third year, 28.7 percent in their fourth, and 0.8 percent in their fifth. Growth curves, based on scale and fish measurements, are given for all sex-age groups. The length-weight relationship may be expressed by the equation Weight = 0.0001378 x Length [superscript 2.6004]. Tendencies were noted, during the course of the run, for older fish and for males to be relatively more abundant in the earlier portions of the run. In comparisons with data from other localities, it was demonstrated that, from south to north: (1) there is a decrease in mean length at the same age; (2) older fish are progressively more abundant; and (3) the runs are progressively earlier. Pink salmon are uncommon in the Columbia River, and only six were examined. All had gone to sea early in their first year, and all had returned in their second year. Eight hundred eighty-five silver salmon scales were examined. Of the total, 6.1 percent had gone to sea early in their second year, and returned late in their second year (2 [subscript 2]); 0.3 percent had gone to sea early in their third, and returned late in their third (3 [subscript 3]); 83.9 percent had gone to sea in their second, and returned in their third (3 [subscript 2]); and 9.7 percent had gone to sea in their third year, and returned during their fourth year (4 [subscript 3]). Growth curves are given for all, age groups. The length-weight relationship may be expressed by the equation Weight = 0.0000373 x Length [superscript 2.8945]. As in the case of the chums, changes were noted during the run in the sex ratio and the percentage of age classes. Comparison with data from other localities revealed south-to-north changes in size and in abundance of different age groups, similar to those demonstrated for the chums. It is felt that the differences between races of a single river system will prove to be of the same nature as those here demonstrated between populations of different river systems. Knowledge of the differences between the races of salmons entering the Columbia River may be of extreme importance in the management of the fisheries. Title: Age, length and weight studies of three species of Columbia River salmon (Oncorhynchus keta, O. gorbuscha and O. kisutch) Author: Marr, John C., Oregon. Fish Commission Samples, consisting of scales, length and weight measurements, and sex determinations of chum, pink, and silver salmons, were taken from the commercial catch in the Columbia River in 1914. Five hundred eighteen chum scales were examined. All fish had gone to sea early in their first year; and 70.5 percent had returned in their third year, 28.7 percent in their fourth, and 0.8 percent in their fifth. Growth curves, based on scale and fish measurements, are given for all sex-age groups. The length-weight relationship may be expressed by the equation Weight = 0.0001378 x Length [superscript 2.6004]. Tendencies were noted, during the course of the run, for older fish and for males to be relatively more abundant in the earlier portions of the run. In comparisons with data from other localities, it was demonstrated that, from south to north: (1) there is a decrease in mean length at the same age; (2) older fish are progressively more abundant; and (3) the runs are progressively earlier. Pink salmon are uncommon in the Columbia River, and only six were examined. All had gone to sea early in their first year, and all had returned in their second year. Eight hundred eighty-five silver salmon scales were examined. Of the total, 6.1 percent had gone to sea early in their second year, and returned late in their second year (2 [subscript 2]); 0.3 percent had gone to sea early in their third, and returned late in their third (3 [subscript 3]); 83.9 percent had gone to sea in their second, and returned in their third (3 [subscript 2]); and 9.7 percent had gone to sea in their third year, and returned during their fourth year (4 [subscript 3]). Growth curves are given for all, age groups. The length-weight relationship may be expressed by the equation Weight = 0.0000373 x Length [superscript 2.8945]. As in the case of the chums, changes were noted during the run in the sex ratio and the percentage of age classes. Comparison with data from other localities revealed south-to-north changes in size and in abundance of different age groups, similar to those demonstrated for the chums. It is felt that the differences between races of a single river system will prove to be of the same nature as those here demonstrated between populations of different river systems. Knowledge of the differences between the races of salmons entering the Columbia River may be of extreme importance in the management of the fisheries. Close

• 4. [Article] The effects on salmon populations of the partial elimination of fixed fishing gear on the Columbia River in 1935

  1. Six major types of commercial gear have been used to take salmon and steelhead on the Columbia River; namely, gill nets, set nets, seines, traps, fish wheels and dip nets. 2. The five important commercial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects on salmon populations of the partial elimination of fixed fishing gear on the Columbia River in 1935 Author: Johnson, Donald R., Chapman, Wilbert McLeod, 1910-1970, Oregon. Fish Commission, Schoning, Robert W. 1. Six major types of commercial gear have been used to take salmon and steelhead on the Columbia River; namely, gill nets, set nets, seines, traps, fish wheels and dip nets. 2. The five important commercial species in the Columbia River are chinook, silver, blueback and chum salmon and steelhead trout. 3. In 1927 fish wheels were eliminated in Oregon. In 1935 fish wheels, traps, seines and set nets were eliminated in Washington. 4. The effect of the gear change in Washington in 1935 has been to increase the take in other gears, while the previous trend of total landings has not changed appreciably. 5. There is no conclusive evidence that the elimination of fixed gear in Washington increased the escapement of salmon and steelhead. 6. There is no conclusive evidence that any gear is injurious to the run except by subtracting fish from the run. 7. Measures designed to increase the escapement should apply to all gears and cover the entire life history of each species. Title: The effects on salmon populations of the partial elimination of fixed fishing gear on the Columbia River in 1935 Author: Johnson, Donald R., Chapman, Wilbert McLeod, 1910-1970, Oregon. Fish Commission, Schoning, Robert W. 1. Six major types of commercial gear have been used to take salmon and steelhead on the Columbia River; namely, gill nets, set nets, seines, traps, fish wheels and dip nets. 2. The five important commercial species in the Columbia River are chinook, silver, blueback and chum salmon and steelhead trout. 3. In 1927 fish wheels were eliminated in Oregon. In 1935 fish wheels, traps, seines and set nets were eliminated in Washington. 4. The effect of the gear change in Washington in 1935 has been to increase the take in other gears, while the previous trend of total landings has not changed appreciably. 5. There is no conclusive evidence that the elimination of fixed gear in Washington increased the escapement of salmon and steelhead. 6. There is no conclusive evidence that any gear is injurious to the run except by subtracting fish from the run. 7. Measures designed to increase the escapement should apply to all gears and cover the entire life history of each species. Close

• 5. [Article] Coho salmon : life in the watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coho salmon : life in the watershed Author: Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program, Oregon Coastal Watershed Enhancement Project Title: Coho salmon : life in the watershed Author: Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program, Oregon Coastal Watershed Enhancement Project Close

• 6. [Article] Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead

  The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that were determined likely to adversely affect Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and OC steelhead (O. mykiss). Biological assessments (BA) addressing potential affects to these species accompanied the May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters. The BAs describe the environmental baseline and effects of actions in the Umpqua River basin which may have short-term adverse effects on OC coho salmon and OC steelhead and their habitat, but which are expected to provide long-term beneficial effects. Title: Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that were determined likely to adversely affect Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and OC steelhead (O. mykiss). Biological assessments (BA) addressing potential affects to these species accompanied the May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters. The BAs describe the environmental baseline and effects of actions in the Umpqua River basin which may have short-term adverse effects on OC coho salmon and OC steelhead and their habitat, but which are expected to provide long-term beneficial effects. Close

• 7. [Article] The ocean salmon troll fishery of Oregon

  1. The Oregon troll salmon fishery developed rapidly prior to World War I to reach a peak of between one and three thousand boats fishing off the mouth of the Columbia River during 1919. The fishery later ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The ocean salmon troll fishery of Oregon Author: Oregon. Fish Commission, Van Hyning, Jack M. 1. The Oregon troll salmon fishery developed rapidly prior to World War I to reach a peak of between one and three thousand boats fishing off the mouth of the Columbia River during 1919. The fishery later expanded to the other coastal areas. There has been a decrease in the number of boats fishing, but a great increase in their efficiency. The development of the tuna fishery resulted in the larger trollers fishing for tuna during the late summer and concentrating on salmon during the spring and early summer. There are about 500 trollers which make Oregon ports their base of operations at the present time. Since 1940 the Oregon troll fishery has landed about 3,000,000 pounds of chinook and silver salmon per year. The troll fishery was practically unregulated until 1948, at which time, preliminary regulations were imposed. 2. Preliminary troll regulations which were imposed since 1948 and altered somewhat in 1949 include a 26 inch minimum size limit and a closed season from November 1 to March 15 on chinook salmon. A closed season for silver salmon extends from November 1 to June 15 to prevent the landing of small silvers during the late spring. 3. This report covers in part the tagging and biological data gathered by the staff of the Oregon Fish Commission during 1946, 1947, 1948 and 1949. 4. There were 506 silvers tagged off Oregon in 1948 and 1949, and 29 (5.7 percent) were recovered. By far the greater percentage were recovered north of their tagging location, indicating a northward migration of silvers in their third and last year to their spawning streams. 5. The recovery of marked silver salmon in the ocean, confirms the findings of the tagging in that early in the season (June) the marked fish were found south of their home streams, and as the season advanced they moved north until during September they were grouped around the mouths of the rivers. 6. The length-weight relationship of troll-caught silver salmon was found to be an exponential type of relationship, and the equation for 1947 is W = 0.23215 x 1.0535 [superscript L]; that for 1948 is W = 0.27952 x 1.04949 [superscript L]. 7. The commercial catch of silver salmon is composed largely of individuals in their third year. There seems to be a considerable difference between the growth rates of different years, but the silvers show an average increase in mean weight from about 4.5 pounds on June first to about eight pounds by November first, dressed weight. They showed an increase in modal length in 1948 from 25.2 inches (total length) in June to 30.4 inches (total length) in November. 8. There were 221 chinook salmon tagged in 1948 and 1949 and eleven recoveries were made. No consistent migration pattern is apparent, but it is apparent that the chinook move both north and south of their natal streams and probably migrate farther than do the silver salmon. 9. The length-weight relationship of the chinook salmon was found to conform to the usual parabolic relationship, W = AL [superscript b]. The equation for 1947 was W = 0.000013126 [superscript L 3.17008] and for 1948, W = 0.000009256 [superscript L 3.24142]. 10. The age and growth of the troll caught chinook salmon was studied. The 2+ group was the dominant year class in the catch of 1919, 1946, and probably 1948, but in 1947 there was slightly more of the 3+ group. The 3+ group was next in abundance in 1919 and 1946, with the 1+ group age class comprising a relatively small part of the catch. There is a considerable variation in the sizes and ages of chinooks found in the different areas at different times, and also between years. 11. During April and May, trolling is concentrated off the mouth of the Columbia River. Usually there is a slight peaking in average weight in the spring, followed by a decline and a subsequent rise to a peak in August. In all cases average weight dropped appreciably after August. 12. The ocean sport fishery operates mainly out of Depoe Bay and Newport, with smaller fleets out of nearly every port on the Oregon Coast. The estimated ocean sport catch in 1949 was 700 chinooks (9,000 pounds) and 9,000 silvers (70,000 pounds). Title: The ocean salmon troll fishery of Oregon Author: Oregon. Fish Commission, Van Hyning, Jack M. 1. The Oregon troll salmon fishery developed rapidly prior to World War I to reach a peak of between one and three thousand boats fishing off the mouth of the Columbia River during 1919. The fishery later expanded to the other coastal areas. There has been a decrease in the number of boats fishing, but a great increase in their efficiency. The development of the tuna fishery resulted in the larger trollers fishing for tuna during the late summer and concentrating on salmon during the spring and early summer. There are about 500 trollers which make Oregon ports their base of operations at the present time. Since 1940 the Oregon troll fishery has landed about 3,000,000 pounds of chinook and silver salmon per year. The troll fishery was practically unregulated until 1948, at which time, preliminary regulations were imposed. 2. Preliminary troll regulations which were imposed since 1948 and altered somewhat in 1949 include a 26 inch minimum size limit and a closed season from November 1 to March 15 on chinook salmon. A closed season for silver salmon extends from November 1 to June 15 to prevent the landing of small silvers during the late spring. 3. This report covers in part the tagging and biological data gathered by the staff of the Oregon Fish Commission during 1946, 1947, 1948 and 1949. 4. There were 506 silvers tagged off Oregon in 1948 and 1949, and 29 (5.7 percent) were recovered. By far the greater percentage were recovered north of their tagging location, indicating a northward migration of silvers in their third and last year to their spawning streams. 5. The recovery of marked silver salmon in the ocean, confirms the findings of the tagging in that early in the season (June) the marked fish were found south of their home streams, and as the season advanced they moved north until during September they were grouped around the mouths of the rivers. 6. The length-weight relationship of troll-caught silver salmon was found to be an exponential type of relationship, and the equation for 1947 is W = 0.23215 x 1.0535 [superscript L]; that for 1948 is W = 0.27952 x 1.04949 [superscript L]. 7. The commercial catch of silver salmon is composed largely of individuals in their third year. There seems to be a considerable difference between the growth rates of different years, but the silvers show an average increase in mean weight from about 4.5 pounds on June first to about eight pounds by November first, dressed weight. They showed an increase in modal length in 1948 from 25.2 inches (total length) in June to 30.4 inches (total length) in November. 8. There were 221 chinook salmon tagged in 1948 and 1949 and eleven recoveries were made. No consistent migration pattern is apparent, but it is apparent that the chinook move both north and south of their natal streams and probably migrate farther than do the silver salmon. 9. The length-weight relationship of the chinook salmon was found to conform to the usual parabolic relationship, W = AL [superscript b]. The equation for 1947 was W = 0.000013126 [superscript L 3.17008] and for 1948, W = 0.000009256 [superscript L 3.24142]. 10. The age and growth of the troll caught chinook salmon was studied. The 2+ group was the dominant year class in the catch of 1919, 1946, and probably 1948, but in 1947 there was slightly more of the 3+ group. The 3+ group was next in abundance in 1919 and 1946, with the 1+ group age class comprising a relatively small part of the catch. There is a considerable variation in the sizes and ages of chinooks found in the different areas at different times, and also between years. 11. During April and May, trolling is concentrated off the mouth of the Columbia River. Usually there is a slight peaking in average weight in the spring, followed by a decline and a subsequent rise to a peak in August. In all cases average weight dropped appreciably after August. 12. The ocean sport fishery operates mainly out of Depoe Bay and Newport, with smaller fleets out of nearly every port on the Oregon Coast. The estimated ocean sport catch in 1949 was 700 chinooks (9,000 pounds) and 9,000 silvers (70,000 pounds). Close

• 8. [Article] Tuberculosis in Pacific salmon and steelhead trout

  Tuberculosis in salmonoid fishes was first observed in the 1952 run of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. In the studies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tuberculosis in Pacific salmon and steelhead trout Author: Ordal, Erling Josef, 1906-, Oregon. Fish Commission, Wood, James W. Tuberculosis in salmonoid fishes was first observed in the 1952 run of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. In the studies reported here, tuberculosis was found not only in adult spring chinook but in silver salmon (0. kisutch), blueback salmon (0. nerka), and in anadromous and resident strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). Advanced tuberculosis was found in salmonoid fishes held in fresh water for two years or longer, as well as in adults returning from the sea. Lesions were most frequently observed in the liver, and varied in size from small miliary tubercles to huge necrotic areas, filled with characteristic acid-fast bacilli. The typical bacilli were found in stained smears from the kidney, heart, musculature, brain, intestines, pyloric caeca, and roe of infected fish. The disease was originally observed in sexually-underdeveloped fish, and there is indication that it interferes with sexual maturation. It was found that tuberculosis in marked salmon known to be of hatchery origin was extremely high - in some cases 100 percent. Tuberculosis was absent in the small number of silver and chum salmon examined which were known to be the progeny from natural spawning. It is suggested that dissemination of the disease may be due to fish-cultural practices such as the feeding of untreated carcasses and the viscera from tuberculous fish. Since acid-fast bacilli were found in the roe of some fish, it is also suggested that the disease may be transmitted to healthy eggs during the process of fertilization. Tuberculous adult spring chinook were found less capable of surviving to maturity after they reached the spawning grounds than were non-infected fish. It is likely that tuberculosis also influences the ability of salmon to survive during earlier stages of their life history. The incidence of tuberculosis in adult spring chinook entering the Dexter holding ponds on the Middle Fork of the Willamette River in 1955 and 1956 was 8.7 and 6.1 percent, respectively. The increase in incidence to 58.8 percent in 1957 is attributed to the increased dependency of the run on artificial propagation necessitated by the construction of Lookout Point Dam. Among chinook caught in the Columbia River gill-net fishery in. February and in May 1956, 12.3 and 10.5 percent, respectively, of those examined were tuberculous. Although these are spring chinook, it is believed that hatchery reared fall chinook also entered the catch, especially during May, and may have contributed to the number of tuberculous fish taken. Title: Tuberculosis in Pacific salmon and steelhead trout Author: Ordal, Erling Josef, 1906-, Oregon. Fish Commission, Wood, James W. Tuberculosis in salmonoid fishes was first observed in the 1952 run of fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. In the studies reported here, tuberculosis was found not only in adult spring chinook but in silver salmon (0. kisutch), blueback salmon (0. nerka), and in anadromous and resident strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). Advanced tuberculosis was found in salmonoid fishes held in fresh water for two years or longer, as well as in adults returning from the sea. Lesions were most frequently observed in the liver, and varied in size from small miliary tubercles to huge necrotic areas, filled with characteristic acid-fast bacilli. The typical bacilli were found in stained smears from the kidney, heart, musculature, brain, intestines, pyloric caeca, and roe of infected fish. The disease was originally observed in sexually-underdeveloped fish, and there is indication that it interferes with sexual maturation. It was found that tuberculosis in marked salmon known to be of hatchery origin was extremely high - in some cases 100 percent. Tuberculosis was absent in the small number of silver and chum salmon examined which were known to be the progeny from natural spawning. It is suggested that dissemination of the disease may be due to fish-cultural practices such as the feeding of untreated carcasses and the viscera from tuberculous fish. Since acid-fast bacilli were found in the roe of some fish, it is also suggested that the disease may be transmitted to healthy eggs during the process of fertilization. Tuberculous adult spring chinook were found less capable of surviving to maturity after they reached the spawning grounds than were non-infected fish. It is likely that tuberculosis also influences the ability of salmon to survive during earlier stages of their life history. The incidence of tuberculosis in adult spring chinook entering the Dexter holding ponds on the Middle Fork of the Willamette River in 1955 and 1956 was 8.7 and 6.1 percent, respectively. The increase in incidence to 58.8 percent in 1957 is attributed to the increased dependency of the run on artificial propagation necessitated by the construction of Lookout Point Dam. Among chinook caught in the Columbia River gill-net fishery in. February and in May 1956, 12.3 and 10.5 percent, respectively, of those examined were tuberculous. Although these are spring chinook, it is believed that hatchery reared fall chinook also entered the catch, especially during May, and may have contributed to the number of tuberculous fish taken. Close

• 9. [Article] The Nehalem Estuary

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Nehalem Estuary Title: The Nehalem Estuary Close

• 10. [Article] Chinook salmon : life in the watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chinook salmon : life in the watershed Author: Fitzpatrick, Martin S., Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program Title: Chinook salmon : life in the watershed Author: Fitzpatrick, Martin S., Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program Close