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• 1. [Image] Columbia River Salmon Fisheries

  	2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Columbia River Salmon Fisheries 2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants in the fishing and canning is described. There is also discussion of the town of Astoria and its expected growth. Title: Columbia River Salmon Fisheries 2 p. Article detailing the salmon fishing industry on the Columbia River, including providing details on salmon spawning and the use of fish wheels. The use of Chinese, Scandinavian, and Russian immigrants in the fishing and canning is described. There is also discussion of the town of Astoria and its expected growth. Close

• 2. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 3. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men gathering roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 4. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 5. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 6. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 7. [Image] Spawning Chinook salmon

  	A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Title: Spawning Chinook salmon Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 A group of unidentified men pulling fish from a fish rack with nets to gather roe and milt from Chinook salmon for spawning at the Little White Salmon Fish Hatchery in White Salmon, Washington. Close

• 8. [Image] Typical salmon stream

  	This slide represents a typical salmon stream in which a few salmon may be observed ascending the river. A very interesting controversy has arisen over what is known as the "parent stream" theory. In years ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Typical salmon stream Year: 1925 This slide represents a typical salmon stream in which a few salmon may be observed ascending the river. A very interesting controversy has arisen over what is known as the "parent stream" theory. In years past it has been debated pro and con in a lively fashion. There are those who have contended that adult salmon ascend the stream in which they were hatched and which their parents ascended. According to this idea, some instinct is supposed to have a directive influence upon the fish as they approach maturity, drawing them into the river which they descended a few years before. For support of this contention it is pointed out that marked fish released as fry in a certain river have been taken in the same stream when adult. There is no denial on the part of those who oppose the "parent stream" theory that salmon are often taken as adults in the same stream in which they were hatched. In fact, this is only to be expected. Our knowledge concerning the salmon during their existence in the ocean is necessarily very limited. It is believed, however, that salmon do not go very far distant from the mouths of rivers which they descended, or that they confine their migrations during the period of growth to near-shore waters up and down the coast. When the period of maturity nears after a few years in the ocean, the salmon being near the mouths of rivers come in contact with the fresh waters of the streams that flow into the ocean with considerable force. The salmon are attracted by this current and make their way into the mouths of the rivers and begin the ascent of the streams. It is only natural that some may find their way into the same rivers which they descended three or four years before. It is believed by the better authorities that the "parent stream" phenomenon is explained as a natural result of the habits of the fish while in the sea. Salmon are taken for commercial purposes in many ways. It is only to be expected that in the case of fish so valuable as the salmon many devices would be employed for their capture. One of the methods of taking the salmon is by the fish wheel, as is illustrated by slides. Title: Typical salmon stream Year: 1925 This slide represents a typical salmon stream in which a few salmon may be observed ascending the river. A very interesting controversy has arisen over what is known as the "parent stream" theory. In years past it has been debated pro and con in a lively fashion. There are those who have contended that adult salmon ascend the stream in which they were hatched and which their parents ascended. According to this idea, some instinct is supposed to have a directive influence upon the fish as they approach maturity, drawing them into the river which they descended a few years before. For support of this contention it is pointed out that marked fish released as fry in a certain river have been taken in the same stream when adult. There is no denial on the part of those who oppose the "parent stream" theory that salmon are often taken as adults in the same stream in which they were hatched. In fact, this is only to be expected. Our knowledge concerning the salmon during their existence in the ocean is necessarily very limited. It is believed, however, that salmon do not go very far distant from the mouths of rivers which they descended, or that they confine their migrations during the period of growth to near-shore waters up and down the coast. When the period of maturity nears after a few years in the ocean, the salmon being near the mouths of rivers come in contact with the fresh waters of the streams that flow into the ocean with considerable force. The salmon are attracted by this current and make their way into the mouths of the rivers and begin the ascent of the streams. It is only natural that some may find their way into the same rivers which they descended three or four years before. It is believed by the better authorities that the "parent stream" phenomenon is explained as a natural result of the habits of the fish while in the sea. Salmon are taken for commercial purposes in many ways. It is only to be expected that in the case of fish so valuable as the salmon many devices would be employed for their capture. One of the methods of taking the salmon is by the fish wheel, as is illustrated by slides. Close

• 9. [Image] Salmon drying on racks

  	Large salmon steaks hanging on racks to dry.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon drying on racks Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 Large salmon steaks hanging on racks to dry. Title: Salmon drying on racks Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1900 Large salmon steaks hanging on racks to dry. Close

• 10. [Image] Five species of western salmon

  	The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Five species of western salmon Year: 1925 The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, but may reach as high as 70 pounds or even eighty. It is typical of the Columbia River, but is also taken north and south of that stream. b. Red Salmon, or Sockeye. This fish has a place second only to the Chinook, both in quality and commercial value. In weight the average is considerably less than that of the Chinook, but the flesh is bright red and of excellent flavor. This variety is typical of Puget Sound but is taken both north and south of that region. c. Silver Salmon. This is also a splendid food fish. Its flesh varies from pink to red and by many is considered equal in quality to the Red Salmon. The Silver Salmon is typical of the rivers of the state other than the Columbia. During some seasons the Siuslaw, Umpqua and other rivers of the state have large quantities of this species. At such times many car loads of iced salmon are shipped from towns along these rivers. Some are being shipped directly to the Atlantic coast markets. d. "Chum" or "Keta". This variety was called for many years dog salmon and is yet known to many by that name. It was formerly considered a very inferior species and was seldom used either as a fresh product or for canning. The prejudice against it was largely due to the name, and to the pale color of its flesh. The prejudice has been rapidly decreasing since this species has been found to be a really good food fish, and during recent years. It has furnished fully one-fifth of the Pacific coast pack. e. The fifth salmon is known as the Humpback. It is of smaller size than the Dog Salmon, and like the latter is of the white variety, poor food when fresh and of inferior quality when canned. It is little used as a commercial product. Beside these five species of true salmon there is another commonly known as the Steelhead Salmon. It belongs to a different genus from the above mentioned forms but plays a very important part in the fishing industry of the state. It is considered an excellent food fish and is used freely by the canners, often under the name of the true salmon. The Steelhead is really a trout, ascending the rivers to spawn, but returning to the sea again. From a biological point of view, our Pacific Coast salmon are among the most remarkable fishes known; remarkable because so little is known of the fish while in the sea. The greater part of their life is therefore shrouded in mystery. The following facts are, however, well known: Fact 1. That the salmon ascend the rivers to spawn, some species going but a few miles from brackish waters while others travel hundreds of miles from the sea, in fact into the very small streams, pushing as far as fish of this size can swim. Spawning grounds are almost invariably in the cold fresh waters fed from lakes, springs, and mountain snows. Fact 2. During the ascent of the rivers the salmon do not take any food. As a result, their digestive organization becomes shrunken and functionless. Fact 3. The adult salmon after spawning all die. None of them live to get back to the sea. Fact 4. The young hatched in the small streams may in some species make their way down to the sea the same season; in others they remain in fresh water until the next year. Fact 5. A period of years is spent in the ocean, probably from three to five, depending upon the species. During this time practically nothing is known of their habits. Title: Five species of western salmon Year: 1925 The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, but may reach as high as 70 pounds or even eighty. It is typical of the Columbia River, but is also taken north and south of that stream. b. Red Salmon, or Sockeye. This fish has a place second only to the Chinook, both in quality and commercial value. In weight the average is considerably less than that of the Chinook, but the flesh is bright red and of excellent flavor. This variety is typical of Puget Sound but is taken both north and south of that region. c. Silver Salmon. This is also a splendid food fish. Its flesh varies from pink to red and by many is considered equal in quality to the Red Salmon. The Silver Salmon is typical of the rivers of the state other than the Columbia. During some seasons the Siuslaw, Umpqua and other rivers of the state have large quantities of this species. At such times many car loads of iced salmon are shipped from towns along these rivers. Some are being shipped directly to the Atlantic coast markets. d. "Chum" or "Keta". This variety was called for many years dog salmon and is yet known to many by that name. It was formerly considered a very inferior species and was seldom used either as a fresh product or for canning. The prejudice against it was largely due to the name, and to the pale color of its flesh. The prejudice has been rapidly decreasing since this species has been found to be a really good food fish, and during recent years. It has furnished fully one-fifth of the Pacific coast pack. e. The fifth salmon is known as the Humpback. It is of smaller size than the Dog Salmon, and like the latter is of the white variety, poor food when fresh and of inferior quality when canned. It is little used as a commercial product. Beside these five species of true salmon there is another commonly known as the Steelhead Salmon. It belongs to a different genus from the above mentioned forms but plays a very important part in the fishing industry of the state. It is considered an excellent food fish and is used freely by the canners, often under the name of the true salmon. The Steelhead is really a trout, ascending the rivers to spawn, but returning to the sea again. From a biological point of view, our Pacific Coast salmon are among the most remarkable fishes known; remarkable because so little is known of the fish while in the sea. The greater part of their life is therefore shrouded in mystery. The following facts are, however, well known: Fact 1. That the salmon ascend the rivers to spawn, some species going but a few miles from brackish waters while others travel hundreds of miles from the sea, in fact into the very small streams, pushing as far as fish of this size can swim. Spawning grounds are almost invariably in the cold fresh waters fed from lakes, springs, and mountain snows. Fact 2. During the ascent of the rivers the salmon do not take any food. As a result, their digestive organization becomes shrunken and functionless. Fact 3. The adult salmon after spawning all die. None of them live to get back to the sea. Fact 4. The young hatched in the small streams may in some species make their way down to the sea the same season; in others they remain in fresh water until the next year. Fact 5. A period of years is spent in the ocean, probably from three to five, depending upon the species. During this time practically nothing is known of their habits. Close