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• 41. [Article] Role-taking and behavior

  The present study examined the relationship between the cognitive skill of role-or perspective-taking and naturally occurring behavior of behaviorally disordered children. Twenty-six boys, aged five years, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role-taking and behavior Author: Uphoff, Jane Wynne Year: 1982 The present study examined the relationship between the cognitive skill of role-or perspective-taking and naturally occurring behavior of behaviorally disordered children. Twenty-six boys, aged five years, nine months to twelve years, two months were tested and observed at their treatment facility. It was predicted that children who could take the perspective of others would prefer peer to adult interaction, would more likely give positive attention to their peers and would be more likely to use effective language than their non perspective-taking peers. These and related hypotheses were examined by observing each participant's interactive behavior for 36 minutes distributed over three different settings, lunch, freetime and organized activity on six or more different days. To determine perspective-taking skill, two perspective taking instruments were administered in a separate room at the treatment site. One measure (the Chandler role-taking task) required a child to tell a story from a series of three cartoon pictures and then retell the story from the point of view of a late arriving bystander. The other task (the Friendship interview from the Selman Measure of Interpersonal Understanding) assessed role-taking on the basis of the child's responses to questions about a filmstrip story that depicted a common dilemma between close friends. The variety and frequency of effective words was assessed by counting the effective words used by the child when responding to the first role-taking task, the cartoon stories. A vocabulary test was administered at the same time as the other cognitive measures. Before data analysis began, such methodological concerns as reliability of the observational code, reliability of the judges' scoring of the role-taking tasks and internal consistency of the measures were addressed. Cognitive measures, use of effective language and behavioral categories were then correlated with each other. The vocabulary test was used to partial general verbal skill from the relationship of role-taking and effective language. In addition to examining relationships among the measures, the children were divided into perspective-taking and non perspective-taking groups and compared on the various behavioral and language measures. Title: Role-taking and behavior Author: Uphoff, Jane Wynne Year: 1982 The present study examined the relationship between the cognitive skill of role-or perspective-taking and naturally occurring behavior of behaviorally disordered children. Twenty-six boys, aged five years, nine months to twelve years, two months were tested and observed at their treatment facility. It was predicted that children who could take the perspective of others would prefer peer to adult interaction, would more likely give positive attention to their peers and would be more likely to use effective language than their non perspective-taking peers. These and related hypotheses were examined by observing each participant's interactive behavior for 36 minutes distributed over three different settings, lunch, freetime and organized activity on six or more different days. To determine perspective-taking skill, two perspective taking instruments were administered in a separate room at the treatment site. One measure (the Chandler role-taking task) required a child to tell a story from a series of three cartoon pictures and then retell the story from the point of view of a late arriving bystander. The other task (the Friendship interview from the Selman Measure of Interpersonal Understanding) assessed role-taking on the basis of the child's responses to questions about a filmstrip story that depicted a common dilemma between close friends. The variety and frequency of effective words was assessed by counting the effective words used by the child when responding to the first role-taking task, the cartoon stories. A vocabulary test was administered at the same time as the other cognitive measures. Before data analysis began, such methodological concerns as reliability of the observational code, reliability of the judges' scoring of the role-taking tasks and internal consistency of the measures were addressed. Cognitive measures, use of effective language and behavioral categories were then correlated with each other. The vocabulary test was used to partial general verbal skill from the relationship of role-taking and effective language. In addition to examining relationships among the measures, the children were divided into perspective-taking and non perspective-taking groups and compared on the various behavioral and language measures. Close

• 42. [Article] The force of manhood: The consequences of masculinity threat on police officer use of force

  Positive community-police relations, which are based on mutual trust, are key to equitable and just policing. Use of force that is perceived as unfair and biased can quickly undermine relations between ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The force of manhood: The consequences of masculinity threat on police officer use of force Author: Alston, Aurelia Terese Year: 2017 Positive community-police relations, which are based on mutual trust, are key to equitable and just policing. Use of force that is perceived as unfair and biased can quickly undermine relations between the police and the public. In an attempt to understand what psychological factors contribute to police use of force decisions and potentially racially biased use of force application, this study proposed masculinity threat as an important psychological factor that influences police behavior. Masculinity threat occurs when a man's status as a man is threatened, and threats to masculinity are often associated with increased aggression and dominance as a way of restoring the threatened status. Policing is a male-dominated field, and because most victims of officer use of force are men, the current research examines how threats to male police officers' masculinity, including verbal and physical manifestations of threat, contribute to officer force against civilians. Past research has explored how high levels of trait masculinity threat (as measured by the Male Gender Role Stress scale; Goff, Martin, & Gamson-Smiedt, 2012) in police officers is associated with higher levels of force against racial minority suspects, however, no such research has examined state level masculinity threat (e.g., in the moment threats) as they occur in real world police-suspect interactions. Focusing on understanding the associations between use of force and state level masculinity threat, it was predicted that officers who have their masculinity explicitly and publicly threatened by male suspects will use more force against suspects compared to interactions where no such masculinity threat has occurred. It was also predicted that minority suspects who threaten officers' masculinity will receive more force than White suspects. To test these hypotheses, reporting officers' (RO) narratives of use of force interactions (excluding lethal force) from a large police department on the West Coast were coded and analyzed. Contrary to the hypotheses, results suggest that masculinity threat within an officer-suspect interaction may relate to lower levels of average officer force and higher number of sequences (e.g., back and forth exchanges) between suspect and officer. While results are in the opposite direction of the hypotheses, they provide new information regarding the association between personal threats to officer manhood and their subsequent actions. Specifically, results suggest that masculinity threat has a more complicated relationship with force than previously predicted and future research would do well to investigate a potential interaction effect of trait level and state level masculinity on police use of force decisions. Several other areas of further research are outlined, such as the need to examine other suspect-level and officer-level variables such as age and tenure. Overall, the results of this study suggest the need for continued clarifying research. Title: The force of manhood: The consequences of masculinity threat on police officer use of force Author: Alston, Aurelia Terese Year: 2017 Positive community-police relations, which are based on mutual trust, are key to equitable and just policing. Use of force that is perceived as unfair and biased can quickly undermine relations between the police and the public. In an attempt to understand what psychological factors contribute to police use of force decisions and potentially racially biased use of force application, this study proposed masculinity threat as an important psychological factor that influences police behavior. Masculinity threat occurs when a man's status as a man is threatened, and threats to masculinity are often associated with increased aggression and dominance as a way of restoring the threatened status. Policing is a male-dominated field, and because most victims of officer use of force are men, the current research examines how threats to male police officers' masculinity, including verbal and physical manifestations of threat, contribute to officer force against civilians. Past research has explored how high levels of trait masculinity threat (as measured by the Male Gender Role Stress scale; Goff, Martin, & Gamson-Smiedt, 2012) in police officers is associated with higher levels of force against racial minority suspects, however, no such research has examined state level masculinity threat (e.g., in the moment threats) as they occur in real world police-suspect interactions. Focusing on understanding the associations between use of force and state level masculinity threat, it was predicted that officers who have their masculinity explicitly and publicly threatened by male suspects will use more force against suspects compared to interactions where no such masculinity threat has occurred. It was also predicted that minority suspects who threaten officers' masculinity will receive more force than White suspects. To test these hypotheses, reporting officers' (RO) narratives of use of force interactions (excluding lethal force) from a large police department on the West Coast were coded and analyzed. Contrary to the hypotheses, results suggest that masculinity threat within an officer-suspect interaction may relate to lower levels of average officer force and higher number of sequences (e.g., back and forth exchanges) between suspect and officer. While results are in the opposite direction of the hypotheses, they provide new information regarding the association between personal threats to officer manhood and their subsequent actions. Specifically, results suggest that masculinity threat has a more complicated relationship with force than previously predicted and future research would do well to investigate a potential interaction effect of trait level and state level masculinity on police use of force decisions. Several other areas of further research are outlined, such as the need to examine other suspect-level and officer-level variables such as age and tenure. Overall, the results of this study suggest the need for continued clarifying research. Close

• 43. [Article] The Development of Excitatory Synapses and Complex Behavior

  xi, 111 p. : ill. (some col.)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Development of Excitatory Synapses and Complex Behavior Author: Hoy, Jennifer Lyn, 1981- Year: 2012, 2013, 2011 xi, 111 p. : ill. (some col.) Title: The Development of Excitatory Synapses and Complex Behavior Author: Hoy, Jennifer Lyn, 1981- Year: 2012, 2013, 2011 xi, 111 p. : ill. (some col.) Close

• 44. [Article] Efficacy of an Internet-based Intervention Targeted to Adolescents with Subthreshold Depression

  xiv, 105 p. ill. (some col.)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Efficacy of an Internet-based Intervention Targeted to Adolescents with Subthreshold Depression Author: Makarushka, Marta Maria, 1969 Year: 2012, 2011 xiv, 105 p. ill. (some col.) Title: Efficacy of an Internet-based Intervention Targeted to Adolescents with Subthreshold Depression Author: Makarushka, Marta Maria, 1969 Year: 2012, 2011 xiv, 105 p. ill. (some col.) Close

• 45. [Article] The “Ignored Common Factor”: The Role of Expectancy in the Treatment of Adolescent Depression

  xvii, 93 p. : ill. (some col.)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The “Ignored Common Factor”: The Role of Expectancy in the Treatment of Adolescent Depression Author: Murakami, Jessica L., 1980- Year: 2012, 2011 xvii, 93 p. : ill. (some col.) Title: The “Ignored Common Factor”: The Role of Expectancy in the Treatment of Adolescent Depression Author: Murakami, Jessica L., 1980- Year: 2012, 2011 xvii, 93 p. : ill. (some col.) Close

• 46. [Article] Innovations in Strength-Based Social-Emotional Assessment: Factor Analysis, Psychometric Analysis, and Cross-Informant Comparisons with the SEARS-T

  xiv, 110 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Innovations in Strength-Based Social-Emotional Assessment: Factor Analysis, Psychometric Analysis, and Cross-Informant Comparisons with the SEARS-T Author: Cohn, Bradley P., 1983- Year: 2012, 2011 xiv, 110 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Innovations in Strength-Based Social-Emotional Assessment: Factor Analysis, Psychometric Analysis, and Cross-Informant Comparisons with the SEARS-T Author: Cohn, Bradley P., 1983- Year: 2012, 2011 xiv, 110 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 47. [Article] Understanding Patterns of Change: Predictors of Response Profiles for Clients Treated in a CBT Training Clinic

  xvi, 90 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Patterns of Change: Predictors of Response Profiles for Clients Treated in a CBT Training Clinic Author: Lewis, Cara C., 1981- Year: 2012, 2011 xvi, 90 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Understanding Patterns of Change: Predictors of Response Profiles for Clients Treated in a CBT Training Clinic Author: Lewis, Cara C., 1981- Year: 2012, 2011 xvi, 90 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 48. [Article] Understanding Early Vulnerabilities for Anxiety: Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Toddlers

  xix, 176 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Early Vulnerabilities for Anxiety: Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Toddlers Author: Oppenheimer, Julia Erica, 1979- Year: 2012, 2011 xix, 176 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Understanding Early Vulnerabilities for Anxiety: Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Toddlers Author: Oppenheimer, Julia Erica, 1979- Year: 2012, 2011 xix, 176 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close