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• 11. [Article] Affective perspective-taking and sympathy in young children

  The present study focused upon both behavioral and cognitive aspects of sympathetic responses in preschool children. Subjects, 36 boys and girls aged 33-75 months, were seen at their regular day care center. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Affective perspective-taking and sympathy in young children Author: Leinbach, Mary Driver Year: 1981 The present study focused upon both behavioral and cognitive aspects of sympathetic responses in preschool children. Subjects, 36 boys and girls aged 33-75 months, were seen at their regular day care center. An attempt was made to promote comforting behavior through the use of a peer model both alone and accompanied by an adult's inductive statement regarding the consequences of a sympathetic response; a six year-old girl served as the sympathetic model and as an apparently injured victim in need of comforting. In addition, age- and sex-related relationships for the measures of social cognition, affective perspective-taking and knowledge of strategies for intervening when another person's plight invites sympathetic concern, were examined. The former measure employed a commonly used task presenting children with picture stories in which a target character's facial expression is not congruent with information provided by the story situation. Such stimuli have been thought to assess the ability to assume the emotional point of view of a particular person (empathic judgment), as opposed to the egocentric projection of one's own perspective onto another (projective judgment). Capacities for recognizing and explaining situationally consistent emotions (social comprehension and explanation of affect) and explaining the incongruent facial and situational cues (awareness of discrepancy) were also evaluated. The psychometric properties of these measures were a major concern; consequently, internal consistency reliability as well as age- and sex-related differences among item means, which were presumed to reflect differences in item difficulty, were examined for each component of both measures. Finally, relationships among all measures were examined. Title: Affective perspective-taking and sympathy in young children Author: Leinbach, Mary Driver Year: 1981 The present study focused upon both behavioral and cognitive aspects of sympathetic responses in preschool children. Subjects, 36 boys and girls aged 33-75 months, were seen at their regular day care center. An attempt was made to promote comforting behavior through the use of a peer model both alone and accompanied by an adult's inductive statement regarding the consequences of a sympathetic response; a six year-old girl served as the sympathetic model and as an apparently injured victim in need of comforting. In addition, age- and sex-related relationships for the measures of social cognition, affective perspective-taking and knowledge of strategies for intervening when another person's plight invites sympathetic concern, were examined. The former measure employed a commonly used task presenting children with picture stories in which a target character's facial expression is not congruent with information provided by the story situation. Such stimuli have been thought to assess the ability to assume the emotional point of view of a particular person (empathic judgment), as opposed to the egocentric projection of one's own perspective onto another (projective judgment). Capacities for recognizing and explaining situationally consistent emotions (social comprehension and explanation of affect) and explaining the incongruent facial and situational cues (awareness of discrepancy) were also evaluated. The psychometric properties of these measures were a major concern; consequently, internal consistency reliability as well as age- and sex-related differences among item means, which were presumed to reflect differences in item difficulty, were examined for each component of both measures. Finally, relationships among all measures were examined. Close

• 12. [Article] How does difficulty communicating affect the social relationships of older adults? An exploration using data from a national survey

  Healthy social relationships are important for maintaining mental and physical health in later life. Less social support, smaller social networks, and more negative social interactions have been linked ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How does difficulty communicating affect the social relationships of older adults? An exploration using data from a national survey Author: Palmer, Andrew D., Newsom, Jason T., Rook, Karen S. Year: 2016 Healthy social relationships are important for maintaining mental and physical health in later life. Less social support, smaller social networks, and more negative social interactions have been linked to depression, poorer immune functioning, lower self-rated health, increased incidence of disease, and higher mortality. Overwhelming evidence suggests that communication disorders adversely affect social relationships. Much less is known about whether some or all aspects of social relationships are negatively affected by a communication disorder. The relative impact of a communication disorder on social relationships, as compared to other kinds of disability, is also poorly understood. Data were analyzed from a representative national sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older living in the continental United States (n = 742). Results from multiple regressions indicated that difficulty communicating was significantly associated with several parameters of social relationships even after controlling for age, gender, partnership status, health, functional limitations, and visual impairment. Communication difficulty was a significant predictor of smaller social network size, fewer positive social exchanges, less frequent participation in social activities, and higher levels of loneliness, but was not a significant predictor of negative social exchanges. These findings suggest that communication disorders may place older adults at increased risk for mental and physical health problems because of social isolation, reduced social participation, and higher rates of loneliness. In addition, it appears that communication disorders may have a greater impact on positive, rather than negative, aspects of social relationships. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the following learning outcomes will be realized: Readers will be able to (1) describe changes in the social relationships of older adults that occur as part of normal aging, (2) identify the aspects of social relationships that were significantly impacted by a communication difficulty, and (3) discuss possible reasons for these findings including potential clinical implications. Title: How does difficulty communicating affect the social relationships of older adults? An exploration using data from a national survey Author: Palmer, Andrew D., Newsom, Jason T., Rook, Karen S. Year: 2016 Healthy social relationships are important for maintaining mental and physical health in later life. Less social support, smaller social networks, and more negative social interactions have been linked to depression, poorer immune functioning, lower self-rated health, increased incidence of disease, and higher mortality. Overwhelming evidence suggests that communication disorders adversely affect social relationships. Much less is known about whether some or all aspects of social relationships are negatively affected by a communication disorder. The relative impact of a communication disorder on social relationships, as compared to other kinds of disability, is also poorly understood. Data were analyzed from a representative national sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older living in the continental United States (n = 742). Results from multiple regressions indicated that difficulty communicating was significantly associated with several parameters of social relationships even after controlling for age, gender, partnership status, health, functional limitations, and visual impairment. Communication difficulty was a significant predictor of smaller social network size, fewer positive social exchanges, less frequent participation in social activities, and higher levels of loneliness, but was not a significant predictor of negative social exchanges. These findings suggest that communication disorders may place older adults at increased risk for mental and physical health problems because of social isolation, reduced social participation, and higher rates of loneliness. In addition, it appears that communication disorders may have a greater impact on positive, rather than negative, aspects of social relationships. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the following learning outcomes will be realized: Readers will be able to (1) describe changes in the social relationships of older adults that occur as part of normal aging, (2) identify the aspects of social relationships that were significantly impacted by a communication difficulty, and (3) discuss possible reasons for these findings including potential clinical implications. Close

• 13. [Article] Evaluating a Possible Association Between Déjà Vu Frequency and Memory Performance to Explain Déjà Vu

  Prior research shows that reported frequency of déjà vu declines with age. Memory performance also declines with aging. This study investigated separately a relationship of recollection and familiarity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating a Possible Association Between Déjà Vu Frequency and Memory Performance to Explain Déjà Vu Author: Prince, Duncan, Archuleta, Caleb Year: 2013 Prior research shows that reported frequency of déjà vu declines with age. Memory performance also declines with aging. This study investigated separately a relationship of recollection and familiarity performance with déjà vu frequency, in a sample of college students to control for age. The hypothesis was that there will be a positive correlation between déjà vu frequency and recollection, and there will not be a correlation between familiarity and déjà vu frequency. The Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment, a valid and reliable instrument, was used to quantify déjà vu frequency. Recollection and familiarity were quantitated separately by a memory recognition test, using the Opposition Procedure with a Repetition-Lag Paradigm. Sixty-six college students completed the experiment. Criteria for memory performance and comprehension of instructions were established; the analysis included only data of 25 participants who met both criteria. Linear correlation between déjà vu and recollection found r² .3044, r =.5518 using a Pearson correlation coefficient chart (one-tail). With p=0.002 (α = 0.01), significant evidence was found to support a positive correlation between recollection and déjà vu. Familiarity was not significantly correlated with déjà vu frequency. These data are among the first to investigate experimentally the association between memory and déjà vu. They provide evidence that there is a significant correlation between recollection and reported frequency of déjà vu in a healthy sample of college students, and that this association does not exist between familiarity and déjà vu. These findings may further unveil a scientific explanation for déjà vu. Title: Evaluating a Possible Association Between Déjà Vu Frequency and Memory Performance to Explain Déjà Vu Author: Prince, Duncan, Archuleta, Caleb Year: 2013 Prior research shows that reported frequency of déjà vu declines with age. Memory performance also declines with aging. This study investigated separately a relationship of recollection and familiarity performance with déjà vu frequency, in a sample of college students to control for age. The hypothesis was that there will be a positive correlation between déjà vu frequency and recollection, and there will not be a correlation between familiarity and déjà vu frequency. The Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment, a valid and reliable instrument, was used to quantify déjà vu frequency. Recollection and familiarity were quantitated separately by a memory recognition test, using the Opposition Procedure with a Repetition-Lag Paradigm. Sixty-six college students completed the experiment. Criteria for memory performance and comprehension of instructions were established; the analysis included only data of 25 participants who met both criteria. Linear correlation between déjà vu and recollection found r² .3044, r =.5518 using a Pearson correlation coefficient chart (one-tail). With p=0.002 (α = 0.01), significant evidence was found to support a positive correlation between recollection and déjà vu. Familiarity was not significantly correlated with déjà vu frequency. These data are among the first to investigate experimentally the association between memory and déjà vu. They provide evidence that there is a significant correlation between recollection and reported frequency of déjà vu in a healthy sample of college students, and that this association does not exist between familiarity and déjà vu. These findings may further unveil a scientific explanation for déjà vu. Close

• 14. [Article] An experimental model using dance training as therapy for women over thirty five

  The intent of this study was to use an experimental model to investigate the use of dance training for improving the self-esteem of women over the age of 35. Sixteen women over the age of 35 were taught ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An experimental model using dance training as therapy for women over thirty five Author: Lofquist, Thelma J. Year: 1979 The intent of this study was to use an experimental model to investigate the use of dance training for improving the self-esteem of women over the age of 35. Sixteen women over the age of 35 were taught jazz dance over a 10 week period. A pre and post test of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale was used on both a dance group and a no dance group. It was hypothesized there would be positive changes in three of the 10 scores in the TSCS for the dance group, but not for the no dance group. The scores predicted to were Physical Self, Personal Self, Self Satisfaction. Analysis of covariance confirmed change in the Physical and Personal scores for the dance group but no change in the Self Satisfaction score. Behavioral Self and Total P scores also changed for the dance group. Title: An experimental model using dance training as therapy for women over thirty five Author: Lofquist, Thelma J. Year: 1979 The intent of this study was to use an experimental model to investigate the use of dance training for improving the self-esteem of women over the age of 35. Sixteen women over the age of 35 were taught jazz dance over a 10 week period. A pre and post test of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale was used on both a dance group and a no dance group. It was hypothesized there would be positive changes in three of the 10 scores in the TSCS for the dance group, but not for the no dance group. The scores predicted to were Physical Self, Personal Self, Self Satisfaction. Analysis of covariance confirmed change in the Physical and Personal scores for the dance group but no change in the Self Satisfaction score. Behavioral Self and Total P scores also changed for the dance group. Close

• 15. [Article] Capitalization and Alcohol Use: A Moderated Mediation Model of Relationship Status, Capitalization, Drinking Motives and Alcohol Consumption

  Capitalization, or the social sharing of positive events (Langston, 1994), has been linked to well-being and health. We proposed that capitalization is also related to motivated alcohol consumption. Capitalization, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capitalization and Alcohol Use: A Moderated Mediation Model of Relationship Status, Capitalization, Drinking Motives and Alcohol Consumption Author: Mohr, Cynthia D., Arpin, Sarah N., McCabe, Cameron T., Haverly, Sarah N. Year: 2016 Capitalization, or the social sharing of positive events (Langston, 1994), has been linked to well-being and health. We proposed that capitalization is also related to motivated alcohol consumption. Capitalization, with its focus on enhancing positive events, is theoretically consistent with enhancement (i.e., drinking to prolong positive emotional experiences) and social drinking motives (i.e. drinking to positively engage with others). In Study 1, we conducted an online survey of 635 (75% female) mostly non-traditional-aged undergraduates (M age = 26, SD = 7.7), 63% with romantic partners. Results revealed a significant moderated mediation, whereby capitalization attempts were related to increased alcohol consumption through increased enhancement and social drinking motives. However, the mediation only held for unpartnered individuals. In Study 2, we extended our findings for unpartnered individuals by demonstrating that it was capitalization with a low responsive interaction partner that was associated with increased drinking as mediated by social and enhancement motives. In contrast, for partnered people, capitalization with a highly responsive interaction partner was related to increased drinking as a function of enhancement motives. Our results expand our understanding of how interpersonal processes link to alcohol consumption, and offer insight into positive experience-related drinking. Title: Capitalization and Alcohol Use: A Moderated Mediation Model of Relationship Status, Capitalization, Drinking Motives and Alcohol Consumption Author: Mohr, Cynthia D., Arpin, Sarah N., McCabe, Cameron T., Haverly, Sarah N. Year: 2016 Capitalization, or the social sharing of positive events (Langston, 1994), has been linked to well-being and health. We proposed that capitalization is also related to motivated alcohol consumption. Capitalization, with its focus on enhancing positive events, is theoretically consistent with enhancement (i.e., drinking to prolong positive emotional experiences) and social drinking motives (i.e. drinking to positively engage with others). In Study 1, we conducted an online survey of 635 (75% female) mostly non-traditional-aged undergraduates (M age = 26, SD = 7.7), 63% with romantic partners. Results revealed a significant moderated mediation, whereby capitalization attempts were related to increased alcohol consumption through increased enhancement and social drinking motives. However, the mediation only held for unpartnered individuals. In Study 2, we extended our findings for unpartnered individuals by demonstrating that it was capitalization with a low responsive interaction partner that was associated with increased drinking as mediated by social and enhancement motives. In contrast, for partnered people, capitalization with a highly responsive interaction partner was related to increased drinking as a function of enhancement motives. Our results expand our understanding of how interpersonal processes link to alcohol consumption, and offer insight into positive experience-related drinking. Close

• 16. [Article] Art therapy as a mechanism for increasing life satisfaction in later life

  It was hypothesized that art therapy with the elderly would increase the quality of an informal life review and motivate them toward greater psychological well-being (life satisfaction). To test this hypothesis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Art therapy as a mechanism for increasing life satisfaction in later life Author: McGraw, Phyllis Laulainen Year: 1980 It was hypothesized that art therapy with the elderly would increase the quality of an informal life review and motivate them toward greater psychological well-being (life satisfaction). To test this hypothesis, 30 subjects between the ages of 61 and 83 were assigned to three experimental conditions: Art Therapy Group, Discussion Group, and Control Group. Title: Art therapy as a mechanism for increasing life satisfaction in later life Author: McGraw, Phyllis Laulainen Year: 1980 It was hypothesized that art therapy with the elderly would increase the quality of an informal life review and motivate them toward greater psychological well-being (life satisfaction). To test this hypothesis, 30 subjects between the ages of 61 and 83 were assigned to three experimental conditions: Art Therapy Group, Discussion Group, and Control Group. Close

• 17. [Article] The Effect of Age of Acquisition and Second-Language Experience on Segments and Prosody: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Bilinguals' English and Korean Production

  xviii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Age of Acquisition and Second-Language Experience on Segments and Prosody: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Bilinguals' English and Korean Production Author: Oh, Grace Eunhae, 1980- Year: 2012, 2011 xviii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.) Title: The Effect of Age of Acquisition and Second-Language Experience on Segments and Prosody: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Bilinguals' English and Korean Production Author: Oh, Grace Eunhae, 1980- Year: 2012, 2011 xviii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.) Close

• 18. [Article] Effects of graded and steady exercise and self-confidence on stress

  This study examined the effects of steady, graded, and no exercise on stress reduction, and the effects of self-confidence on stress reduction through exercise. Seventy-two male and female volunteers from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of graded and steady exercise and self-confidence on stress Author: Clarke, Kristine Marie Year: 1988 This study examined the effects of steady, graded, and no exercise on stress reduction, and the effects of self-confidence on stress reduction through exercise. Seventy-two male and female volunteers from the Portland area, ranging in age from 19-49 years, served as subjects. Subjects completed pre and post measures of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the state portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Subjects were divided into two experimental and one control group matched according to age and exercise history. The control group kept its exercise at a minimum for eight weeks. Exercise programs for the two experimental groups consisted of twelve minute work bouts on ergometers three times per week, for eight weeks. Work bouts were at a seventy percent maximum heart rate. Due to attrition and a random drop of subjects in the control group, thirty-one subjects remained. Analyses found a significant stress reduction for the steady exercise group (t = -2.81,p = .017), but not for the graded or no exercise group. Stress reduction was negatively correlated with self-confidence, though not significantly, and no significant differences were found between the self-confidence scores. A significant correlation was found between pre-stress scores and preself- conf idence scores (r = -.306,p = .04). Title: Effects of graded and steady exercise and self-confidence on stress Author: Clarke, Kristine Marie Year: 1988 This study examined the effects of steady, graded, and no exercise on stress reduction, and the effects of self-confidence on stress reduction through exercise. Seventy-two male and female volunteers from the Portland area, ranging in age from 19-49 years, served as subjects. Subjects completed pre and post measures of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the state portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Subjects were divided into two experimental and one control group matched according to age and exercise history. The control group kept its exercise at a minimum for eight weeks. Exercise programs for the two experimental groups consisted of twelve minute work bouts on ergometers three times per week, for eight weeks. Work bouts were at a seventy percent maximum heart rate. Due to attrition and a random drop of subjects in the control group, thirty-one subjects remained. Analyses found a significant stress reduction for the steady exercise group (t = -2.81,p = .017), but not for the graded or no exercise group. Stress reduction was negatively correlated with self-confidence, though not significantly, and no significant differences were found between the self-confidence scores. A significant correlation was found between pre-stress scores and preself- conf idence scores (r = -.306,p = .04). Close

• 19. [Article] THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE USAGE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS

  31 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Psychology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 201...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE USAGE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS Author: Havener, Linnea Year: 2016 31 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Psychology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2016. Title: THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE USAGE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS Author: Havener, Linnea Year: 2016 31 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Psychology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2016. Close

• 20. [Article] Observations of parent monitoring and family problem solving in adolescence: Convergent and predictive validity for European American and African American youth

  xiv, 79 p. : ill.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Observations of parent monitoring and family problem solving in adolescence: Convergent and predictive validity for European American and African American youth Author: Parra, Georgina Year: 2011 xiv, 79 p. : ill. Title: Observations of parent monitoring and family problem solving in adolescence: Convergent and predictive validity for European American and African American youth Author: Parra, Georgina Year: 2011 xiv, 79 p. : ill. Close