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• 1. [Image] Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy

  	This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Close

• 2. [Image] Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks

  	The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks Author: Petersen, B. Year: 1980 The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings Title: Diesel Heat Pump for District Heating Plants and for the Heating of Large Housing Blocks Author: Petersen, B. Year: 1980 The aim of this project is to investigate technical, economic, and environmental aspects of large diesel driven heat pump plants for district heating and for central heating of large buildings Close

• 3. [Image] Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999

  	The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Close

• 4. [Image] Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985

  	This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers Title: Utah Geothermal Commercialization Project, Final Report April 1979 - March 1985 Author: Division of Water Rights Year: 1985 This report summarizes the results of these tasks and references the specific reports in which they can be found. The benefits of the project to the state are discussed, including the passage of state legislation dealing with the regulation of geothermal development in the state, and providing a source of information and assistance within the state for potential developers Close

• 5. [Image] Large Heat Pump Plants for District Heating Utilizing Geothermal Energy

  	In Sweden large heat pumps in the 10 MW range have been in operation in district heating networks for more than a year. These heat pumps utilize low energy sources like treated sewage water from communities, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Large Heat Pump Plants for District Heating Utilizing Geothermal Energy Author: Bjelm, L. Year: 1983 In Sweden large heat pumps in the 10 MW range have been in operation in district heating networks for more than a year. These heat pumps utilize low energy sources like treated sewage water from communities, industrial waste water and lake water. In the southernmost part of Sweden projects are now under way where geothermal energy in combination with heat pumps will be used for production of district heat for this region. The size of the project is about 60 MW of heat Title: Large Heat Pump Plants for District Heating Utilizing Geothermal Energy Author: Bjelm, L. Year: 1983 In Sweden large heat pumps in the 10 MW range have been in operation in district heating networks for more than a year. These heat pumps utilize low energy sources like treated sewage water from communities, industrial waste water and lake water. In the southernmost part of Sweden projects are now under way where geothermal energy in combination with heat pumps will be used for production of district heat for this region. The size of the project is about 60 MW of heat Close

• 6. [Image] Heat Pump Economics

  	In performing a life cycle cost analysis for direct use geothermal applications it has been said many times that keeping capital investment to a minimum improves the economics of the project. It has also ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Heat Pump Economics Author: Higbee, C.V. Year: 1983 In performing a life cycle cost analysis for direct use geothermal applications it has been said many times that keeping capital investment to a minimum improves the economics of the project. It has also been said repeatedly that extracting a maximum delta t improves the economics. With very low temperature (less than 100°F) geothermal fluids, it becomes necessary to install a heat pump for most space heating applications. Needless to say, the purchase of a heat pump drives capital costs up, annual operating costs up, and usually results in a very low delta t extraction from the resource. All these characteristics of heat pump applications tend to make such projects uneconomical. There are always exceptions. One of these exceptions occurs when electrical energy is the only energy alternative and the resource is warm enough to obtain a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.0 or better Title: Heat Pump Economics Author: Higbee, C.V. Year: 1983 In performing a life cycle cost analysis for direct use geothermal applications it has been said many times that keeping capital investment to a minimum improves the economics of the project. It has also been said repeatedly that extracting a maximum delta t improves the economics. With very low temperature (less than 100°F) geothermal fluids, it becomes necessary to install a heat pump for most space heating applications. Needless to say, the purchase of a heat pump drives capital costs up, annual operating costs up, and usually results in a very low delta t extraction from the resource. All these characteristics of heat pump applications tend to make such projects uneconomical. There are always exceptions. One of these exceptions occurs when electrical energy is the only energy alternative and the resource is warm enough to obtain a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.0 or better Close

• 7. [Image] Strategic Plan for the Geothermal Energy Program

  	The mission of the Program is to work in partnership with U.S. industry to establish geothermal energy as a sustainable, environmentally sound, economically competitive contributor to the U.S. and world ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strategic Plan for the Geothermal Energy Program Author: Office of Geothermal Technologies Year: 1998 The mission of the Program is to work in partnership with U.S. industry to establish geothermal energy as a sustainable, environmentally sound, economically competitive contributor to the U.S. and world energy supply. In executing its mission and achieving its long-term vision for geothermal energy, the Program has identified five strategic goals. To have electric power generation, to expand direct application uses of geothermal heat pumps, to be an international development, to accelerate in its science and technology and to have future geothermal resources Title: Strategic Plan for the Geothermal Energy Program Author: Office of Geothermal Technologies Year: 1998 The mission of the Program is to work in partnership with U.S. industry to establish geothermal energy as a sustainable, environmentally sound, economically competitive contributor to the U.S. and world energy supply. In executing its mission and achieving its long-term vision for geothermal energy, the Program has identified five strategic goals. To have electric power generation, to expand direct application uses of geothermal heat pumps, to be an international development, to accelerate in its science and technology and to have future geothermal resources Close

• 8. [Image] Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating

  	The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating Author: Delegation Generale a la Recherche Scientifique et Technique 35 rue Saint-Dominique, 75007 Paris Year: 1977 The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that the type of heating apparatus used in the housing units was most important and that heat pumps could be a valuable asset, making it possible to extract even more geothermal heat and thus substantially improve the cost benefit of the systems. Many factors play a significant role in this problem. Therefore, after a first stage devoted to analyzing the problem through a manual method which proved quite useful, the systematic consideration of all important aspects led us to use a computer to optimize solutions and process a large number of cases. The software used for this general study can also be used to work out particular cases: it is now available to any interested party through DGRST. This program makes it possible to: (1) take climatic conditions into account in a very detailed manner, including temperatures as well as insolation. 864 cases corresponding to 36 typical days divided into 24 hours each were chosen to represent the heating season. They make it possible to define the heating needs of any type of housing unit. (2) simulate and analyze the behavior in practice of a geothermal heating system when heat is extracted from the well by a simple heat exchanger. This simulation makes it possible to evaluate the respective qualities of various types of heating apparatus which can be used in homes. It also makes it possible to define the best control systems for the central system and substations and to assess quite accurately the presence of terminal controls, such as radiators with thermostatically controlled valves. (3) determine to what extent the addition of a heat pump makes it possible to improve the cost benefit of geothermal heating. When its average characteristics and heating use conditions (price, coefficient of performance, length of utilization, electrical rates, etc.) are taken into account, the heat pump should not be scaled for maximum heating power. Consequently, the program considers several possible sizes, with different installation schemes, and selects for each case the value which corresponds to the lowest cost of heating Title: Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating Author: Delegation Generale a la Recherche Scientifique et Technique 35 rue Saint-Dominique, 75007 Paris Year: 1977 The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that the type of heating apparatus used in the housing units was most important and that heat pumps could be a valuable asset, making it possible to extract even more geothermal heat and thus substantially improve the cost benefit of the systems. Many factors play a significant role in this problem. Therefore, after a first stage devoted to analyzing the problem through a manual method which proved quite useful, the systematic consideration of all important aspects led us to use a computer to optimize solutions and process a large number of cases. The software used for this general study can also be used to work out particular cases: it is now available to any interested party through DGRST. This program makes it possible to: (1) take climatic conditions into account in a very detailed manner, including temperatures as well as insolation. 864 cases corresponding to 36 typical days divided into 24 hours each were chosen to represent the heating season. They make it possible to define the heating needs of any type of housing unit. (2) simulate and analyze the behavior in practice of a geothermal heating system when heat is extracted from the well by a simple heat exchanger. This simulation makes it possible to evaluate the respective qualities of various types of heating apparatus which can be used in homes. It also makes it possible to define the best control systems for the central system and substations and to assess quite accurately the presence of terminal controls, such as radiators with thermostatically controlled valves. (3) determine to what extent the addition of a heat pump makes it possible to improve the cost benefit of geothermal heating. When its average characteristics and heating use conditions (price, coefficient of performance, length of utilization, electrical rates, etc.) are taken into account, the heat pump should not be scaled for maximum heating power. Consequently, the program considers several possible sizes, with different installation schemes, and selects for each case the value which corresponds to the lowest cost of heating Close