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• 1. [Article] The Case for Age-Friendly Communities

  The report was funded by Grantmakers In Aging, an organization dedicated to promoting and strengthening grantmaking for an aging society. The movement toward age-friendly communities is growing, with the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Case for Age-Friendly Communities Author: Neal, Margaret, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2016 The report was funded by Grantmakers In Aging, an organization dedicated to promoting and strengthening grantmaking for an aging society. The movement toward age-friendly communities is growing, with the key impetus being population aging. Beyond what individuals themselves can do to age optimally, the movement to create communities that are age friendly focuses on how the economic, physical, and social environments can be improved to address not only the needs but also maximize the assets of an aging population, for the benefit of all. Title: The Case for Age-Friendly Communities Author: Neal, Margaret, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2016 The report was funded by Grantmakers In Aging, an organization dedicated to promoting and strengthening grantmaking for an aging society. The movement toward age-friendly communities is growing, with the key impetus being population aging. Beyond what individuals themselves can do to age optimally, the movement to create communities that are age friendly focuses on how the economic, physical, and social environments can be improved to address not only the needs but also maximize the assets of an aging population, for the benefit of all. Close

• 2. [Article] Awareness of Aging in Taiwan and the United States : An Examination of Ageism among College Students using Stereotypes and Future Self-views

  Ageism in the context of global population aging could lead to increasing human and economic costs. Age stereotypes tend to be negative (Hummert, 1990) and ubiquitous (Nelson, 2002) there are a variety ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Awareness of Aging in Taiwan and the United States : An Examination of Ageism among College Students using Stereotypes and Future Self-views Author: Allen, Pamela M. Ageism in the context of global population aging could lead to increasing human and economic costs. Age stereotypes tend to be negative (Hummert, 1990) and ubiquitous (Nelson, 2002) there are a variety of well documented detrimental consequences of negative age stereotypes on older adults' physical, cognitive and psychological outcomes (Hummert, 2011; Levy, 2009; Hess et al., 2003). This contributes to a toxic social environment for older people. The issue is of growing importance especially in Asia, where most of today's older people reside (United Nations, 2012) and where ageism appears to be on the rise despite traditional predictions that cultural collectivism and filial piety should protect against negative stereotypes (North & Fiske, 2015). Ageism is proposed by stereotype embodiment theory (Levy, 2009) to be driven by a lifespan process by which beliefs about aging are internalized from the sociocultural context of the individual beginning in childhood. In addition, age stereotypes and self-views related to aging assimilate such that age stereotypes also become internalized into one's self-view. Together, age stereotypes and self-views are components of one's overall subjective awareness of aging (AoA), an "integral psychological process or condition of the aging self" representing one's sense of having grown older (Diehl et al., 2014, p. 2). Depending on whether AoA is positive or negative it functions to enhance or constrict developmental opportunity throughout adult development, respectively. In early adulthood, a period characterized by identity consolidation (Côté, 2009; Erikson, 1968) and a developing future time orientation (Nurmi, 1991), age stereotypes stand to be internalized into one’s future oriented self-concept. Internalization of negative age stereotypes into young adults' future self-views (of one's self in old age) matters because it could give rise to negative AoA early in adulthood and developmental trajectories constraining healthy aging later in life. The cross-cultural ageism research in Western and Eastern societies has assessed stereotypes only and there has been little attention to future self-views (Markus & Nurius, 1986), developmental influences such as experiences with older people (Hagestad & Uhlenberg, 2005), or processes such as internalization by which negative stereotypes can become self-relevant (Levy, 2009). Conversely, the extant work examining internalization of age stereotypes into future self-views as of yet offers little insight into cultural or developmental factors for the processes of internalization (e.g., Kornadt & Rothermund, 2012). Therefore in this dissertation I draw on stereotype embodiment theory (Levy, 2009) and the Awareness of Aging model (Diehl et al., 2014), to examine the positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views among young adults in the U.S. and Taiwan. Data from the Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Aging Study were used to quantitatively measure experiential variables as well as the degree of positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views among 942 American and 659 Taiwanese college students using the Taiwanese developed Older Person Scale (OPS; Lu & Kao, 2009). The dissertation adapted the OPS for first time use in English before using it to examine how cultural context, personal experiences with older adults related to age segregation, and gender impact the positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views cross-culturally. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis established partial scalar cross-cultural measurement invariance of 15-item and 17-item versions of the scale for measuring age stereotypes and future self-views, respectively. Results showed a four factor structure of the scale reflecting the domains of 1) physical abilities and appearance, 2) psychological and cognitive abilities, 3) interpersonal relationships and social engagement, and 4) employment and financial security. Content analyses of open ended descriptors of age stereotypes and future self-views among American college students provided a check on the assumption that the OPS captures content of these constructs in the population of American college students. Due to the superior psychometric properties of the OPS for measurement of the social domain, and relevance of this domain for experiences of intergenerational contact, the primary research questions were addressed with respect to the social domain. Results of moderated mediation modeling showed that, as hypothesized (hypothesis 1), Taiwanese participants exhibited less positivity in stereotypes and self-views in the psychological and social domains but not the physical or employment domains. Contrary to the expectation, Taiwanese age stereotypes were better characterized as slightly positive or ambivalent rather than negative. As predicted by hypothesis 2, females and those reporting regular experience of contact with older adults expressed more positivity in age stereotypes and future self-views in the social domain across cultural contexts. In support of hypothesis 3, age stereotypes mediated the association of 1) cultural context, and 2) contact frequency to the positivity of future self-views in the social domain. Exploratory results indicated that the strength of indirect effects did not vary significantly across cultural contexts or gender. Based on culture- and gender-based differences in interdependence of self-construals (Cross & Madson, 1997; Markus & Nurius, 1986), I hypothesize that Taiwanese students and American women would exhibit stronger association of age stereotypes to future self-views (i.e., internalization) than American men (hypothesis 4). Taiwanese and American women were found to have among the strongest internalization, but, unexpectedly, American men exhibited equal internalization and Taiwanese men exhibited the weakest internalization. A fifth hypothesis predicting that age integration (i.e., contact with both kin and non-kin older people) moderates the association of contact frequency with age stereotypes was unable to be tested due to an unbalanced response distribution on the relevant variable. Results of this dissertation reinforce the relevance of age stereotypes for future self-views among young adults and speak to the appropriateness of tailoring ageism-focused programs, policies, trainings or educational efforts to the individual or the cultural context. Title: Awareness of Aging in Taiwan and the United States : An Examination of Ageism among College Students using Stereotypes and Future Self-views Author: Allen, Pamela M. Ageism in the context of global population aging could lead to increasing human and economic costs. Age stereotypes tend to be negative (Hummert, 1990) and ubiquitous (Nelson, 2002) there are a variety of well documented detrimental consequences of negative age stereotypes on older adults' physical, cognitive and psychological outcomes (Hummert, 2011; Levy, 2009; Hess et al., 2003). This contributes to a toxic social environment for older people. The issue is of growing importance especially in Asia, where most of today's older people reside (United Nations, 2012) and where ageism appears to be on the rise despite traditional predictions that cultural collectivism and filial piety should protect against negative stereotypes (North & Fiske, 2015). Ageism is proposed by stereotype embodiment theory (Levy, 2009) to be driven by a lifespan process by which beliefs about aging are internalized from the sociocultural context of the individual beginning in childhood. In addition, age stereotypes and self-views related to aging assimilate such that age stereotypes also become internalized into one's self-view. Together, age stereotypes and self-views are components of one's overall subjective awareness of aging (AoA), an "integral psychological process or condition of the aging self" representing one's sense of having grown older (Diehl et al., 2014, p. 2). Depending on whether AoA is positive or negative it functions to enhance or constrict developmental opportunity throughout adult development, respectively. In early adulthood, a period characterized by identity consolidation (Côté, 2009; Erikson, 1968) and a developing future time orientation (Nurmi, 1991), age stereotypes stand to be internalized into one’s future oriented self-concept. Internalization of negative age stereotypes into young adults' future self-views (of one's self in old age) matters because it could give rise to negative AoA early in adulthood and developmental trajectories constraining healthy aging later in life. The cross-cultural ageism research in Western and Eastern societies has assessed stereotypes only and there has been little attention to future self-views (Markus & Nurius, 1986), developmental influences such as experiences with older people (Hagestad & Uhlenberg, 2005), or processes such as internalization by which negative stereotypes can become self-relevant (Levy, 2009). Conversely, the extant work examining internalization of age stereotypes into future self-views as of yet offers little insight into cultural or developmental factors for the processes of internalization (e.g., Kornadt & Rothermund, 2012). Therefore in this dissertation I draw on stereotype embodiment theory (Levy, 2009) and the Awareness of Aging model (Diehl et al., 2014), to examine the positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views among young adults in the U.S. and Taiwan. Data from the Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Aging Study were used to quantitatively measure experiential variables as well as the degree of positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views among 942 American and 659 Taiwanese college students using the Taiwanese developed Older Person Scale (OPS; Lu & Kao, 2009). The dissertation adapted the OPS for first time use in English before using it to examine how cultural context, personal experiences with older adults related to age segregation, and gender impact the positivity of age stereotypes and future self-views cross-culturally. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis established partial scalar cross-cultural measurement invariance of 15-item and 17-item versions of the scale for measuring age stereotypes and future self-views, respectively. Results showed a four factor structure of the scale reflecting the domains of 1) physical abilities and appearance, 2) psychological and cognitive abilities, 3) interpersonal relationships and social engagement, and 4) employment and financial security. Content analyses of open ended descriptors of age stereotypes and future self-views among American college students provided a check on the assumption that the OPS captures content of these constructs in the population of American college students. Due to the superior psychometric properties of the OPS for measurement of the social domain, and relevance of this domain for experiences of intergenerational contact, the primary research questions were addressed with respect to the social domain. Results of moderated mediation modeling showed that, as hypothesized (hypothesis 1), Taiwanese participants exhibited less positivity in stereotypes and self-views in the psychological and social domains but not the physical or employment domains. Contrary to the expectation, Taiwanese age stereotypes were better characterized as slightly positive or ambivalent rather than negative. As predicted by hypothesis 2, females and those reporting regular experience of contact with older adults expressed more positivity in age stereotypes and future self-views in the social domain across cultural contexts. In support of hypothesis 3, age stereotypes mediated the association of 1) cultural context, and 2) contact frequency to the positivity of future self-views in the social domain. Exploratory results indicated that the strength of indirect effects did not vary significantly across cultural contexts or gender. Based on culture- and gender-based differences in interdependence of self-construals (Cross & Madson, 1997; Markus & Nurius, 1986), I hypothesize that Taiwanese students and American women would exhibit stronger association of age stereotypes to future self-views (i.e., internalization) than American men (hypothesis 4). Taiwanese and American women were found to have among the strongest internalization, but, unexpectedly, American men exhibited equal internalization and Taiwanese men exhibited the weakest internalization. A fifth hypothesis predicting that age integration (i.e., contact with both kin and non-kin older people) moderates the association of contact frequency with age stereotypes was unable to be tested due to an unbalanced response distribution on the relevant variable. Results of this dissertation reinforce the relevance of age stereotypes for future self-views among young adults and speak to the appropriateness of tailoring ageism-focused programs, policies, trainings or educational efforts to the individual or the cultural context. Close

• 3. [Article] The aging endoplasmic reticulum

  Hallmarks of aging include the accumulation of aberrant proteins and a lower resistance to stresses. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions to fold proteins and possesses unique stress sensing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The aging endoplasmic reticulum Author: Dixon, Brian M. Hallmarks of aging include the accumulation of aberrant proteins and a lower resistance to stresses. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions to fold proteins and possesses unique stress sensing pathways, the central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the ER is a target of cellular aging and significantly underlies these age-related phenotypes. This hypothesis was tested using isolated microsomes from young (3-6 mo) and old (24-26 mo) rats and a novel primary hepatocyte cell culture model that maintains the aging phenotype. The ER luminal oxidation/reduction (redox) environment, exemplified by the glutathione redox ratio (GSH:GSSG), is vital for both ER stress signaling and the regulation of ER oxidoreductase activity. Therefore, the hepatic microsomal GSH:GSSG ratio from young and old rats was determined. Our results showed that the GSH:GSSG ratio in young rats was 3.8:1 and that, in contrast to the age-related loss of GSH redox in whole liver, microsomal GSH:GSSG increased to 6.4:1 in old rats. This increase is sufficient to convert ER oxidoreductases from folding proteins to enzymes involved in protein unfolding. These results show that the ER is under an increased stress with age, yet no activation of ER stress response pathways was detected. Using the aging cell culture model noted above to examine the loss of ER stress response with age, we show that following induction of an ER stress by tunicamycin, ER-mediated "pro-apoptotic" pathways were in intact with age, but induction of "pro-survival" genes were significantly delayed. Taken together, these show that aging leads to: 1) a reductive shift in ER thiol redox, and 2) an attenuation of ER stress response. Lastly, previous work showed that (R)-alpha-lipoic acid (R-LA) restores GSH levels and redox status in aged rat livers. To determine whether R-LA also reversed the age-related changes in ER GSH redox status, young and old rats were supplemented with R-LA. Results showed that R-LA reversed both the age-related increase in the ER GSH redox state and induced protective ER stress response pathways in a manner similar to young animals. Thus, R-LA may be an effective therapeutic to maintain ER homeostatic mechanisms with age. Title: The aging endoplasmic reticulum Author: Dixon, Brian M. Hallmarks of aging include the accumulation of aberrant proteins and a lower resistance to stresses. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions to fold proteins and possesses unique stress sensing pathways, the central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the ER is a target of cellular aging and significantly underlies these age-related phenotypes. This hypothesis was tested using isolated microsomes from young (3-6 mo) and old (24-26 mo) rats and a novel primary hepatocyte cell culture model that maintains the aging phenotype. The ER luminal oxidation/reduction (redox) environment, exemplified by the glutathione redox ratio (GSH:GSSG), is vital for both ER stress signaling and the regulation of ER oxidoreductase activity. Therefore, the hepatic microsomal GSH:GSSG ratio from young and old rats was determined. Our results showed that the GSH:GSSG ratio in young rats was 3.8:1 and that, in contrast to the age-related loss of GSH redox in whole liver, microsomal GSH:GSSG increased to 6.4:1 in old rats. This increase is sufficient to convert ER oxidoreductases from folding proteins to enzymes involved in protein unfolding. These results show that the ER is under an increased stress with age, yet no activation of ER stress response pathways was detected. Using the aging cell culture model noted above to examine the loss of ER stress response with age, we show that following induction of an ER stress by tunicamycin, ER-mediated "pro-apoptotic" pathways were in intact with age, but induction of "pro-survival" genes were significantly delayed. Taken together, these show that aging leads to: 1) a reductive shift in ER thiol redox, and 2) an attenuation of ER stress response. Lastly, previous work showed that (R)-alpha-lipoic acid (R-LA) restores GSH levels and redox status in aged rat livers. To determine whether R-LA also reversed the age-related changes in ER GSH redox status, young and old rats were supplemented with R-LA. Results showed that R-LA reversed both the age-related increase in the ER GSH redox state and induced protective ER stress response pathways in a manner similar to young animals. Thus, R-LA may be an effective therapeutic to maintain ER homeostatic mechanisms with age. Close

• 4. [Article] Aging in place : a contemporary social phenomenon

  Most aging individuals prefer to remain in a self-determined home environment, and generally aging adults want to remain in the same home or same community. The benefits of remaining in a self-determined ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aging in place : a contemporary social phenomenon Author: Lee, Megan (Megan Elizabeth) Most aging individuals prefer to remain in a self-determined home environment, and generally aging adults want to remain in the same home or same community. The benefits of remaining in a self-determined private home environment while aging have been established. Because individuals present a diversity of needs, it takes interdisciplinary and multifaceted approaches with options to keep older adults in their communities. Aging in place (AIP) represents an interdisciplinary approach to creating options that facilitate remaining in a self-determine environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the current state of the interdisciplinary concept aging in place (AIP). The need to understand AIP is more globally relevant as the U.S. becomes an aging society facing rapid change due to technology, globalization, and mobility. Guided by the tenants of theory development, and the ecological model of housing choice, two manuscripts were developed focusing on the current state of AIP. The first research study titled, An Evolutionary Concept Analysis: Aging in Place, used the content analysis method to examine the concept across diverse disciplines. A derived definition was developed that includes research, practice, policy, and those individuals involved in the aging process. The definition reflects the contemporary state of AIP and can be used for theory development and to unify all users of the AIP concept. The second research study titled, The Current State of Older Women Aging in Place in Oregon, used qualitative case study methods to examine seven cases of aging in place. The aim of the project was to examine seven women’s current and past experiences, and the dynamic process of aging in place in a self-determined private home environment. Two common themes were identified (1) The AIP reflects the woman’s process of self-preserving actions that maintain current AIP independence, and (2) AIP situational independence suggests that the participants’ pathways to their current AIP began after they each experienced an individualized trigger event. The findings have theoretical and practice implications that provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to identifying the current status of AIP and the development of options that facilitate the AIP process. Title: Aging in place : a contemporary social phenomenon Author: Lee, Megan (Megan Elizabeth) Most aging individuals prefer to remain in a self-determined home environment, and generally aging adults want to remain in the same home or same community. The benefits of remaining in a self-determined private home environment while aging have been established. Because individuals present a diversity of needs, it takes interdisciplinary and multifaceted approaches with options to keep older adults in their communities. Aging in place (AIP) represents an interdisciplinary approach to creating options that facilitate remaining in a self-determine environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the current state of the interdisciplinary concept aging in place (AIP). The need to understand AIP is more globally relevant as the U.S. becomes an aging society facing rapid change due to technology, globalization, and mobility. Guided by the tenants of theory development, and the ecological model of housing choice, two manuscripts were developed focusing on the current state of AIP. The first research study titled, An Evolutionary Concept Analysis: Aging in Place, used the content analysis method to examine the concept across diverse disciplines. A derived definition was developed that includes research, practice, policy, and those individuals involved in the aging process. The definition reflects the contemporary state of AIP and can be used for theory development and to unify all users of the AIP concept. The second research study titled, The Current State of Older Women Aging in Place in Oregon, used qualitative case study methods to examine seven cases of aging in place. The aim of the project was to examine seven women’s current and past experiences, and the dynamic process of aging in place in a self-determined private home environment. Two common themes were identified (1) The AIP reflects the woman’s process of self-preserving actions that maintain current AIP independence, and (2) AIP situational independence suggests that the participants’ pathways to their current AIP began after they each experienced an individualized trigger event. The findings have theoretical and practice implications that provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to identifying the current status of AIP and the development of options that facilitate the AIP process. Close

• 5. [Article] Home Forward’s Aging in Place Initiative: Planning for Current and Future Residents

  This report was prepared on behalf of the Aging in Place Initiative of Home Forward. The Initiative sought to gather information about older persons currently residing in Home Forward’s public housing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Home Forward’s Aging in Place Initiative: Planning for Current and Future Residents Author: Carder, Paula C., Weinstein, Jenny, Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole Year: 2012 This report was prepared on behalf of the Aging in Place Initiative of Home Forward. The Initiative sought to gather information about older persons currently residing in Home Forward’s public housing properties, from persons age 55 and older on the waitlist for housing, and from older adults in the Portland area. While local data were unavailable at the time of this report, we know that nationally, more than one-third (37 percent) of the approximately 5 million households receiving housing assistance from HUD are headed by persons age 62 and older. With this in mind, Home Forward must make decisions now about how to respond to the aging of both current residents and the local community. The population of older persons has and will continue to increase in Multnomah County, and Oregon. While many older persons enjoy relative economic stability, a sizeable number are very poor and face housing instability and declining health. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the poverty rate among county residents age 65 and older is 10.9%, higher than the national average of 9%. A recent study of Multnomah County adults with incomes at or below 200% of poverty level found that 44% of those who had moved in the prior five years had done so to reduce housing costs. Title: Home Forward’s Aging in Place Initiative: Planning for Current and Future Residents Author: Carder, Paula C., Weinstein, Jenny, Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole Year: 2012 This report was prepared on behalf of the Aging in Place Initiative of Home Forward. The Initiative sought to gather information about older persons currently residing in Home Forward’s public housing properties, from persons age 55 and older on the waitlist for housing, and from older adults in the Portland area. While local data were unavailable at the time of this report, we know that nationally, more than one-third (37 percent) of the approximately 5 million households receiving housing assistance from HUD are headed by persons age 62 and older. With this in mind, Home Forward must make decisions now about how to respond to the aging of both current residents and the local community. The population of older persons has and will continue to increase in Multnomah County, and Oregon. While many older persons enjoy relative economic stability, a sizeable number are very poor and face housing instability and declining health. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the poverty rate among county residents age 65 and older is 10.9%, higher than the national average of 9%. A recent study of Multnomah County adults with incomes at or below 200% of poverty level found that 44% of those who had moved in the prior five years had done so to reduce housing costs. Close

• 6. [Article] Verbal fluency performance of normal elderly subjects

  The purpose of this study was to measure the verbal fluency of normal gerontologic subjects and to determine the extent of association between verbal fluency score and level of education. Specifically, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Verbal fluency performance of normal elderly subjects Author: Secrest, Molly Year: 1982 The purpose of this study was to measure the verbal fluency of normal gerontologic subjects and to determine the extent of association between verbal fluency score and level of education. Specifically, this investigation sought to determine means, ranges and standard deviations for three groups of subjects: those 61 to 69 years of age, those 70 to 79 years of age, and those 80 years of age and above. In addition, correlations between verbal fluency score, and age, sex, years of education, and order of stimulus presentation were computed. Title: Verbal fluency performance of normal elderly subjects Author: Secrest, Molly Year: 1982 The purpose of this study was to measure the verbal fluency of normal gerontologic subjects and to determine the extent of association between verbal fluency score and level of education. Specifically, this investigation sought to determine means, ranges and standard deviations for three groups of subjects: those 61 to 69 years of age, those 70 to 79 years of age, and those 80 years of age and above. In addition, correlations between verbal fluency score, and age, sex, years of education, and order of stimulus presentation were computed. Close

• 7. [Article] Role exits among the aged

  The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role exits among the aged Author: Mancini, Nancy Whitelaw Year: 1975 The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part of everyday life for men and women of all ages. However, Blau argues that role exits in later life are different from those in earlier stages of the life cycle because they tend to be terminal and involuntary. These factors, according to Blau, cause role exits in old age to negatively influence the individual's overall satisfaction with life. This thesis examines the concept of role exit from three perspective: first, from a theoretical perspective as it emerges out of social role theory; second, in a substantive context as it relates to the problem of old age; and finally, from an empirical perspective as an indicator of reported life satisfaction among a sample of older adults. Title: Role exits among the aged Author: Mancini, Nancy Whitelaw Year: 1975 The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part of everyday life for men and women of all ages. However, Blau argues that role exits in later life are different from those in earlier stages of the life cycle because they tend to be terminal and involuntary. These factors, according to Blau, cause role exits in old age to negatively influence the individual's overall satisfaction with life. This thesis examines the concept of role exit from three perspective: first, from a theoretical perspective as it emerges out of social role theory; second, in a substantive context as it relates to the problem of old age; and finally, from an empirical perspective as an indicator of reported life satisfaction among a sample of older adults. Close

• 8. [Article] Building a State for All Ages: Tapping the Potential of Older Oregonians

  This report explores how the aging population—including native Oregonians and senior adults moving to the state—represent an asset to Oregon. Aging in America has often been viewed from a perspective of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building a State for All Ages: Tapping the Potential of Older Oregonians Author: Percy, Stephen, Ramaley, Judith A., Tapogna, John, Neal, Margaret B., Bloom, Jay, Reece, Alexandra Year: 2016 This report explores how the aging population—including native Oregonians and senior adults moving to the state—represent an asset to Oregon. Aging in America has often been viewed from a perspective of deficit and decline. We wholeheartedly challenge this perspective. This report identifies how older adults can play vital roles in the workforce, entrepreneurship and innovation, and supporting community revitalization through volunteering of time and talent. Title: Building a State for All Ages: Tapping the Potential of Older Oregonians Author: Percy, Stephen, Ramaley, Judith A., Tapogna, John, Neal, Margaret B., Bloom, Jay, Reece, Alexandra Year: 2016 This report explores how the aging population—including native Oregonians and senior adults moving to the state—represent an asset to Oregon. Aging in America has often been viewed from a perspective of deficit and decline. We wholeheartedly challenge this perspective. This report identifies how older adults can play vital roles in the workforce, entrepreneurship and innovation, and supporting community revitalization through volunteering of time and talent. Close

• 9. [Article] An Investigation of Age-Related Differences in Value-Driven Attentional Capture

  Previous research on age-related differences in attentional capture has indicated that older adults are more susceptible to distraction than younger adults and this has been interpreted as a reduced capacity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation of Age-Related Differences in Value-Driven Attentional Capture Author: Naylor, Jamie Previous research on age-related differences in attentional capture has indicated that older adults are more susceptible to distraction than younger adults and this has been interpreted as a reduced capacity to inhibit distraction in late life. Recently, however, there have been discrepancies in the literature about in what circumstances older adults are more susceptible to distraction than younger adults. Additionally, theoretical work has emerged in the attentional capture literature which indicates that more sophisticated theory is needed to fully understand attention capture. The present study was conducted in order to provide some clarification about attentional capture across the lifespan. We used a recently developed paradigm to examine the effects of reward and motivation on attentional capture in younger adults who were paid, younger adults who received course credit, and older adults who were paid. Our results indicated that older adults were no more susceptible to distraction than younger adults in the task even when both groups were paid. Additionally, compensation did not affect the magnitude of attentional capture by stimuli that had previously been associated with gain or loss, had a neutral association, or when no distractor was present. We replicated previous research which has demonstrated enhanced attentional capture by previously rewarding, but irrelevant stimuli and extend these findings to gain associated stimuli. Results are interpreted within the context of several major theories of cognitive aging, the inhibitory deficit and the generalized slowing views Title: An Investigation of Age-Related Differences in Value-Driven Attentional Capture Author: Naylor, Jamie Previous research on age-related differences in attentional capture has indicated that older adults are more susceptible to distraction than younger adults and this has been interpreted as a reduced capacity to inhibit distraction in late life. Recently, however, there have been discrepancies in the literature about in what circumstances older adults are more susceptible to distraction than younger adults. Additionally, theoretical work has emerged in the attentional capture literature which indicates that more sophisticated theory is needed to fully understand attention capture. The present study was conducted in order to provide some clarification about attentional capture across the lifespan. We used a recently developed paradigm to examine the effects of reward and motivation on attentional capture in younger adults who were paid, younger adults who received course credit, and older adults who were paid. Our results indicated that older adults were no more susceptible to distraction than younger adults in the task even when both groups were paid. Additionally, compensation did not affect the magnitude of attentional capture by stimuli that had previously been associated with gain or loss, had a neutral association, or when no distractor was present. We replicated previous research which has demonstrated enhanced attentional capture by previously rewarding, but irrelevant stimuli and extend these findings to gain associated stimuli. Results are interpreted within the context of several major theories of cognitive aging, the inhibitory deficit and the generalized slowing views Close

• 10. [Article] Self-esteem and the Elderly : an Exploratory Study of a Residential Population in a Home for the Aged

  The two primary purposes of this exploratory study were (1) to establish the theoretical tenability of focusing on the maintenance of self-esteem as a means for enhancing the quality of life in the institutionalized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Self-esteem and the Elderly : an Exploratory Study of a Residential Population in a Home for the Aged Author: Hoffer, Vernon E. Year: 1977 The two primary purposes of this exploratory study were (1) to establish the theoretical tenability of focusing on the maintenance of self-esteem as a means for enhancing the quality of life in the institutionalized elderly, and (2) to identify factors related to self-esteem in a home for the aged sample. Literature reviewed relative to the importance of self-esteem, its development, and its maintenance or change indicated that (1) self-esteem is related to personal satisfaction and effective social functioning: (2) self-esteem develops and is maintained or changed as a function of factors in an individual’s immediate interpersonal environment; and (3) institutionalization itself is not the critical factor affecting self-esteem of institutionalized persons. Title: Self-esteem and the Elderly : an Exploratory Study of a Residential Population in a Home for the Aged Author: Hoffer, Vernon E. Year: 1977 The two primary purposes of this exploratory study were (1) to establish the theoretical tenability of focusing on the maintenance of self-esteem as a means for enhancing the quality of life in the institutionalized elderly, and (2) to identify factors related to self-esteem in a home for the aged sample. Literature reviewed relative to the importance of self-esteem, its development, and its maintenance or change indicated that (1) self-esteem is related to personal satisfaction and effective social functioning: (2) self-esteem develops and is maintained or changed as a function of factors in an individual’s immediate interpersonal environment; and (3) institutionalization itself is not the critical factor affecting self-esteem of institutionalized persons. Close