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51. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976


	A study was made to determine the origin of the warm springs and to evaluate the geothermal resource potential of the area in the vicinity of the Warm Springs anticline in Bath and Alleghany Counties, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1976 A study was made to determine the origin of the warm springs and to evaluate the geothermal resource potential of the area in the vicinity of the Warm Springs anticline in Bath and Alleghany Counties, Virginia. Phase 1 of the study was the compilation of a geologic map based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance geologic mapping in areas where published maps were not available. Phase II consisted of a regional bipole-dipole electric resistivity survey made in order to detect the presence of resistivity lows that might be associated with a geothermal system at depth. Phase III involved the drilling of a single hole to a depth of approximately 300 m to obtain a heat flow value that is representative of the area. The above data were used to arrive at a model that unambiguously explains the origin of thermal springs. It is concluded that the warm springs constitute a geothermal resource for low temperature application such as space heating (LBS) Title: Geological and Geophysical Study of the Origin of the Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia. Final Report, June 1, 1975--April 30, 1976 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1976 A study was made to determine the origin of the warm springs and to evaluate the geothermal resource potential of the area in the vicinity of the Warm Springs anticline in Bath and Alleghany Counties, Virginia. Phase 1 of the study was the compilation of a geologic map based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance geologic mapping in areas where published maps were not available. Phase II consisted of a regional bipole-dipole electric resistivity survey made in order to detect the presence of resistivity lows that might be associated with a geothermal system at depth. Phase III involved the drilling of a single hole to a depth of approximately 300 m to obtain a heat flow value that is representative of the area. The above data were used to arrive at a model that unambiguously explains the origin of thermal springs. It is concluded that the warm springs constitute a geothermal resource for low temperature application such as space heating (LBS)

52. [Image] Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II


	Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II Author: Pettitt, R.A. Year: 1977 Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic fracture extending outward from near the bottom of previously drilled hole GT-2, thus completing the underground circulation loop required for the hot dry rock geothermal energy extraction experiment. Directional drilling techniques were used to intersect the fracture zone. In addition, high-temperature instrumentation and equipment development, hydraulic fracturing experiments, pressure-flow testing of the fracture systems, and fracture mapping and borehole-ranging technique activities were conducted. The drilling, logging, and testing operations in EE-1 are described Title: Planning, Drilling, Logging, and Testing of Energy Extraction Hole EE-1, Phases I and II Author: Pettitt, R.A. Year: 1977 Energy Extraction Hole No. 1 (EE-1) is the second deep hole drilled into the Precambrian-age granitic rocks of the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. EE-1 was drilled to intersect a hydraulic fracture extending outward from near the bottom of previously drilled hole GT-2, thus completing the underground circulation loop required for the hot dry rock geothermal energy extraction experiment. Directional drilling techniques were used to intersect the fracture zone. In addition, high-temperature instrumentation and equipment development, hydraulic fracturing experiments, pressure-flow testing of the fracture systems, and fracture mapping and borehole-ranging technique activities were conducted. The drilling, logging, and testing operations in EE-1 are described

53. [Image] Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978


	Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978 Author: Anastas, G. Year: 1979 Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir. The GLEF was modified in April, 1978, from a four stage flash/binary process to a two stage cycle for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid dominated resource. This quarterly summarizes the general operations and accomplishments of the GLEF during the period from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978 Title: Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Quarterly Report, October--December 1978 Author: Anastas, G. Year: 1979 Since the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) start-up in May, 1976, a substantial amount of information has been obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir. The GLEF was modified in April, 1978, from a four stage flash/binary process to a two stage cycle for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid dominated resource. This quarterly summarizes the general operations and accomplishments of the GLEF during the period from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978

54. [Image] Geothermal Resources, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast


	This regional study of the sandstone distribution in the Wilcox Group is part of much broader investigation aimed at assessing the potential for the production of geothermal energy from the geopressured ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Resources, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast Author: Bebout, D. G. Year: 1978 This regional study of the sandstone distribution in the Wilcox Group is part of much broader investigation aimed at assessing the potential for the production of geothermal energy from the geopressured zone of the onshore tertiary along the Texas Gulf Coast (Dorfman and Deller, 1975, 1976). The objective of the study is to identify areas where the Wilcox Group contains significant thicknesses of sandstone with subsurface fluid temperatures higher than 300°F. These favorable areas are termed geothermal fairways and are areas in which additional, more detailed work is recommended in the search for prospective geopressured geothermal test-well sites. Reports summarizing similar studies of regional assessment of the Frio Formation and a prospective test-well site have been published by the Bureau of Economic Geology (Bebout, Dorfman, and Agagu, 1975; Bebout, Agagu, and Dorfman, 1975; Bebout, Loucks, Bosch, and Dorfman, 1976; Bebout, Loucks, and Gregory, 1977). The geothermal potential of the Vicksburg Formation is summarized by Loucks (1978). Funding for the entire geopressured geothermal assessment program has been provided by the Division of Geothermal Energy, U. S. Department of Energy Title: Geothermal Resources, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast Author: Bebout, D. G. Year: 1978 This regional study of the sandstone distribution in the Wilcox Group is part of much broader investigation aimed at assessing the potential for the production of geothermal energy from the geopressured zone of the onshore tertiary along the Texas Gulf Coast (Dorfman and Deller, 1975, 1976). The objective of the study is to identify areas where the Wilcox Group contains significant thicknesses of sandstone with subsurface fluid temperatures higher than 300°F. These favorable areas are termed geothermal fairways and are areas in which additional, more detailed work is recommended in the search for prospective geopressured geothermal test-well sites. Reports summarizing similar studies of regional assessment of the Frio Formation and a prospective test-well site have been published by the Bureau of Economic Geology (Bebout, Dorfman, and Agagu, 1975; Bebout, Agagu, and Dorfman, 1975; Bebout, Loucks, Bosch, and Dorfman, 1976; Bebout, Loucks, and Gregory, 1977). The geothermal potential of the Vicksburg Formation is summarized by Loucks (1978). Funding for the entire geopressured geothermal assessment program has been provided by the Division of Geothermal Energy, U. S. Department of Energy

55. [Image] Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report.


	Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities

56. [Image] Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating


	The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating Author: Delegation Generale a la Recherche Scientifique et Technique 35 rue Saint-Dominique, 75007 Paris Year: 1977 The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that the type of heating apparatus used in the housing units was most important and that heat pumps could be a valuable asset, making it possible to extract even more geothermal heat and thus substantially improve the cost benefit of the systems. Many factors play a significant role in this problem. Therefore, after a first stage devoted to analyzing the problem through a manual method which proved quite useful, the systematic consideration of all important aspects led us to use a computer to optimize solutions and process a large number of cases. The software used for this general study can also be used to work out particular cases: it is now available to any interested party through DGRST. This program makes it possible to: (1) take climatic conditions into account in a very detailed manner, including temperatures as well as insolation. 864 cases corresponding to 36 typical days divided into 24 hours each were chosen to represent the heating season. They make it possible to define the heating needs of any type of housing unit. (2) simulate and analyze the behavior in practice of a geothermal heating system when heat is extracted from the well by a simple heat exchanger. This simulation makes it possible to evaluate the respective qualities of various types of heating apparatus which can be used in homes. It also makes it possible to define the best control systems for the central system and substations and to assess quite accurately the presence of terminal controls, such as radiators with thermostatically controlled valves. (3) determine to what extent the addition of a heat pump makes it possible to improve the cost benefit of geothermal heating. When its average characteristics and heating use conditions (price, coefficient of performance, length of utilization, electrical rates, etc.) are taken into account, the heat pump should not be scaled for maximum heating power. Consequently, the program considers several possible sizes, with different installation schemes, and selects for each case the value which corresponds to the lowest cost of heating Title: Geothermal Energy: Residential Space Heating Author: Delegation Generale a la Recherche Scientifique et Technique 35 rue Saint-Dominique, 75007 Paris Year: 1977 The purpose of this study, which was carried out under the auspices of the DGRST, was to determine the best way to use geothermal hot water for residential space heating. It quickly became apparent that the type of heating apparatus used in the housing units was most important and that heat pumps could be a valuable asset, making it possible to extract even more geothermal heat and thus substantially improve the cost benefit of the systems. Many factors play a significant role in this problem. Therefore, after a first stage devoted to analyzing the problem through a manual method which proved quite useful, the systematic consideration of all important aspects led us to use a computer to optimize solutions and process a large number of cases. The software used for this general study can also be used to work out particular cases: it is now available to any interested party through DGRST. This program makes it possible to: (1) take climatic conditions into account in a very detailed manner, including temperatures as well as insolation. 864 cases corresponding to 36 typical days divided into 24 hours each were chosen to represent the heating season. They make it possible to define the heating needs of any type of housing unit. (2) simulate and analyze the behavior in practice of a geothermal heating system when heat is extracted from the well by a simple heat exchanger. This simulation makes it possible to evaluate the respective qualities of various types of heating apparatus which can be used in homes. It also makes it possible to define the best control systems for the central system and substations and to assess quite accurately the presence of terminal controls, such as radiators with thermostatically controlled valves. (3) determine to what extent the addition of a heat pump makes it possible to improve the cost benefit of geothermal heating. When its average characteristics and heating use conditions (price, coefficient of performance, length of utilization, electrical rates, etc.) are taken into account, the heat pump should not be scaled for maximum heating power. Consequently, the program considers several possible sizes, with different installation schemes, and selects for each case the value which corresponds to the lowest cost of heating

57. [Image] Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1


	The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the ...
	Citation Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km. Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km.